Unit – 3
Length overall: Length overall is the maximum length of a vessel's hull
measured parallel to the waterline. This length is important while docking
the ship. It is the most commonly used way of expressing the size of a ship,
and is also used for calculating the cost of a marina berth. LOA is usually
measured on the hull alone.
Length between perpendiculars : Length between perpendiculars (often
abbreviated as LBP) is the length of a ship along the summer load line from
the forward surface of the stem, or main bow perpendicular member, to the
after surface of the sternpost, or main stern perpendicular member.
Width or beam or extreme breadth: The width of the ship is also known
as the extreme breadth. It is generally measured at the amid ship. It is the
greatest distance between the two sides of the ship at the greatest width.
Moulded breadth :
Moulded breadth is the maximum breadth of the ship measured
amidships to the moulded line of the frame in a ship with a metal shell and
to the outer surface of the hull in a ship with a shell of any other material.
Depth of vessel: The depth is measured at the middle of the length, from
the top of the keel to the top of the deck beam at the side of the uppermost
continuous deck.
Draft : Vessel draft (draft in the American spelling, draught in the British) is
one of the principal dimensions of any waterborne vessel and is defined in
technical terms as the distance between the ship's keel and the waterline of
the vessel.
Freeboard:
A vessel's freeboard is the distance from the waterline to the upper deck
level, measured at the lowest point of sheer where water can enter the boat
or ship.
Camber of Deck:
The camber is a measure of lateral main deck curvature in naval
architecture. The curve is applied to a deck transversely, measured as the
height of deck at centerline above the height of deck at side. The practice of
adding camber to a ship's deck originated in the era of small sailing ships.
Sheer of Deck:
The sheer is a measure of longitudinal main deck curvature, in naval
architecture. The sheer forward is usually twice that of sheer aft.
Stem Rake(Rake of Stem): Inclination of the stem line from the vertical.
Keel Rake: Inclination of the keel line from the horizontal. Trawlers and tugs
often have keels raked aft to give greater depth aft where the propeller
diameter is proportionately larger in this type of vessel.
Rise of Floor (or Deadrise): The rise of the bottom shell plating line above
the base line. This rise is measured at the line of moulded beam.
Air draft : Air draft (or air draught) is the distance from the surface of the
water to the highest point on a vessel.
Flare of Bows:
The spreading out of the forebody form from the central vertical plane
with increasing rapidity as it rises from the waterline to the rail. Ships with
an excessive bow flare are exposed to much higher sea loads than
previously expected.
PARALLEL MIDDLE BODY:
The length over which the midship section remains constant in area
and shape.
ENTRANCE:
The immersed body of the vessel forward of the parallel middle body.
RUN:
The immersed body of the vessel aft of the parallel middle body.
fore perpendicular and aft perpendicular:
The aft perpendicular is taken at the aft side of the rudder post and
the fore perpendicular 'is the vertical line that intersects the forward side of
the stem with the summer load waterline. The Waterline Length (lwl) which
is the length on the waterline where the ship happens to float.
Amidships:
Amidships is defined as the part of a seagoing vessel that is between
the bow (front) and stern (rear).
Baseline:
Baseline is a level reference line from which vertical distances are
measured. The baseline is used as the longitudinal axis, that is the x-axis of
the system of coordinates in which hull points are defined.
Tumblehome:
Tumblehome is the term describing the narrowing of a ship's hull as it rises
above the water-line. In naval architecture it is present when a ship's beam
is wider than its uppermost.
Bilge Radius:
The radius of the plating joining the side shell to the bottom shell. It is
measured at amidships.