50 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) on Environmental Engineering with

Answers

1. Environmental engineering mainly deals with:

A) Building design

B) Protection of the environment and public health

C) Highway construction

D) Bridge construction

Answer: B

2. The major source of drinking water is:

A) Rainwater only

B) Surface water and groundwater

C) Seawater only

D) Industrial wastewater

Answer: B

3. Which is the first step in water treatment?

A) Filtration

B) Sedimentation

C) Screening

D) Chlorination

Answer: C

4. The main purpose of sedimentation is to:

B) Remove suspended particles

C) Add oxygen

D) Increase water pressure

Answer: B

5. Which chemical is commonly used for water disinfection?

A) Lime

B) Alum

C) Chlorine

D) Gypsum

Answer: C

6. Alum is mainly used for:

A) Disinfection

B) Coagulation

C) Aeration

D) Softening

Answer: B

7. The process of passing air through water is called:

A) Filtration

B) Sedimentation
C) Aeration

D) Coagulation

Answer: C

8. Which filter is commonly used in municipal water treatment plants?

A) Slow sand filter

B) Rapid sand filter

C) Cloth filter

D) Paper filter

Answer: B

9. The acceptable pH range of drinking water is approximately:

A) 2–4

B) 4–6

C) 6.5–8.5

D) 9–11

Answer: C

10. Turbidity in water is caused by:

A) Dissolved salts

B) Suspended particles

C) Oxygen

D) Heat

Answer: B
 11. BOD stands for:

A) Biological Oxygen Demand

B) Basic Oxygen Demand

C) Biochemical Oxygen Demand

D) Bacterial Oxygen Demand

Answer: C

12. High BOD indicates:

A) Clean water

B) High organic pollution

C) High mineral content

D) Low bacteria

Answer: B

13. COD stands for:

A) Chemical Oxygen Demand

B) Carbon Oxygen Demand

C) Chlorine Oxygen Demand

D) Common Oxygen Demand

Answer: A

14. Which gas is mainly responsible for the greenhouse effect?

B) Nitrogen

C) Carbon dioxide

D) Hydrogen

Answer: C

15. Acid rain is mainly caused by:

A) Oxygen and nitrogen

B) Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides

C) Carbon dioxide only

D) Hydrogen only

Answer: B

16. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

A) Troposphere

B) Stratosphere

C) Mesosphere

D) Thermosphere

Answer: B

17. Ozone protects the Earth from:

A) Infrared rays

B) Ultraviolet rays

C) Gamma rays
D) Radio waves

Answer: B

18. Which gas causes ozone layer depletion?

A) Carbon dioxide

B) Oxygen

C) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

D) Nitrogen

Answer: C

19. Noise is measured in:

A) Pascal

B) Decibel (dB)

C) Newton

D) Watt

Answer: B

20. Which of the following is a renewable energy source?

A) Coal

B) Petroleum

C) Solar energy

D) Natural gas

Answer: C
 21. Which process removes disease-causing microorganisms from
water?

A) Sedimentation

B) Screening

C) Disinfection

D) Aeration

Answer: C

22. Which is the most common disinfectant used in water treatment?

A) Chlorine

B) Lime

C) Sand

D) Clay

Answer: A

23. The main objective of wastewater treatment is to:

A) Increase color

B) Remove pollutants

C) Increase odor

D) Increase temperature

Answer: B

24. Septic tanks are mainly used for:

B) Domestic sewage treatment

C) Rainwater storage

D) Drinking water purification

Answer: B

25. The main source of air pollution in cities is:

A) Trees

B) Vehicles

C) Rivers

D) Mountains

Answer: B

26. Which pollutant causes smog?

A) Dust and smoke

B) Nitrogen only

C) Oxygen only

D) Hydrogen only

Answer: A

27. Which waste can be converted into compost?

A) Plastic

B) Glass

C) Organic waste
D) Metal

Answer: C

28. The 3Rs of waste management are:

A) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

B) Read, Run, Rest

C) Remove, Replace, Repair

D) Rebuild, Recover, Return

Answer: A

29. Landfills are used for:

A) Water storage

B) Waste disposal

C) Oil storage

D) Cement production

Answer: B

30. Which is a biodegradable waste?

A) Plastic bag

B) Glass bottle

C) Vegetable waste

D) Aluminum can

Answer: C
 31. Which is a non-biodegradable waste?

A) Paper

B) Food waste

C) Plastic

D) Leaves

Answer: C

32. The process of separating solid waste is called:

A) Segregation

B) Filtration

C) Sedimentation

D) Distillation

Answer: A

33. Rainwater harvesting is mainly done to:

A) Increase pollution

B) Recharge groundwater

C) Increase flooding

D) Reduce evaporation

Answer: B

34. Which instrument measures air quality?

A) Barometer
B) Air Quality Monitor

C) Thermometer

D) Rain Gauge

Answer: B

35. Eutrophication is caused by excess:

A) Oxygen

B) Nutrients in water

C) Sand

D) Carbon dioxide

Answer: B

36. Which disease is commonly spread through contaminated water?

A) Malaria

B) Cholera

C) Dengue

D) Tuberculosis

Answer: B

37. Which of the following is a primary air pollutant?

A) Ozone

B) Sulfur dioxide

C) Acid rain

D) Smog
Answer: B

38. Greenhouse gases include:

A) Carbon dioxide and methane

B) Oxygen and nitrogen

C) Hydrogen and helium

D) Neon and argon

Answer: A

39. Which is an eco-friendly source of energy?

A) Coal

B) Diesel

C) Wind energy

D) Petrol

Answer: C

40. Which treatment process mainly removes dissolved impurities?

A) Reverse osmosis (RO)

B) Screening

C) Sedimentation

D) Aeration

Answer: A

41. Which is the cleanest fossil fuel?

B) Petroleum

C) Natural gas

D) Coke

Answer: C

42. Which gas is mainly produced during composting?

A) Oxygen

B) Carbon dioxide

C) Helium

D) Neon

Answer: B

43. Which organization sets drinking water standards in India?

A) BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards)

B) RBI

C) NHAI

D) BCCI

Answer: A

44. Which process removes hardness from water?

A) Water softening

B) Screening
C) Sedimentation

D) Filtration only

Answer: A

45. The main cause of global warming is:

A) Increase in greenhouse gases

B) Earthquakes

C) Volcanoes only

D) Heavy rainfall

Answer: A

46. Which is an example of hazardous waste?

A) Vegetable peels

B) Used batteries

C) Paper

D) Cotton cloth

Answer: B

47. Which color dustbin is generally used for biodegradable waste in

A) Blue

B) Green

C) Red

D) Black
Answer: B

48. Which color dustbin is generally used for dry recyclable waste?

A) Green

B) Blue

C) Yellow

D) Brown

Answer: B

49. The main objective of environmental engineering is:

A) Increase pollution

B) Protect public health and the environment

C) Build roads only

D) Manufacture cement

Answer: B

50. Which of the following is the best method to reduce

A) Open burning of waste

B) Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle

C) Dumping waste into rivers

D) Cutting more trees

Answer: B