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Connection Joined by
Tergite Tergite (between
Arthrodial membrane
segments, dorsally)
Sternite Sternite (between
Arthrodial membrane
segments, ventrally)
Tergite Sternite (within same
segment, laterally — pleural Arthrodial membrane
region)
Leave half page for explanation
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Body Number of
Important Features
Region Segments
Bears eyes, antennae and mouth
Head 6 fused segments
parts
Prothorax, mesothorax and
Thorax 3 segments metathorax; each bears one pair of
legs
Broad posterior region containing
Abdomen 10 segments anal cerci and reproductive
openings etc
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in front of eyes,
in front of eyes in front of eyes
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• Anterior end of the head bears
appendages forming biting and
chewing type of mouth parts.
• The mouthparts consisting of a
labrum (upper lip), a pair of
mandibles, a pair of maxillae
and a labium (lower lip).
• A median flexible lobe, acting
as tongue (hypopharynx), lies
within the cavity enclosed by
the mouthparts
The mouth parts of cockroach are of which type? The grinding region and incising region are
(a) Siphoning type found in:
(b) Chewing and biting type (a) Maxilla
(c) Piercing and sucking type (b) Mandible
(d) Sponging type
(c) Labium
(d) Hypopharynx
Which mouth part of cockroach is called the
"upper lip"?
(a) Labium Assertion (A): Cockroach can bite and chew
(b) Labrum solid food.
(c) Mandible Reason (R): Its mandibles have both incising
(d) Hypopharynx and grinding regions.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
Which mouth part of cockroach is called the explanation of A
"lower lip"? (b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the
(a) Labrum correct explanation of A
(b) Maxilla
(c) A is true, R is false
(c) Labium
(d) A is false, R is true
(d) Hypopharynx
Column I (Mouth part) Column II (Function)
A. Labrum 3. Upper lip
B. Mandible 4. Biting and chewing
C. Maxilla 5. Holding and tasting food
D. Labium 1. Lower lip
E. Hypopharynx 2. Tongue
Number of segments in maxillary palp and labial palp respectively:
(a) 3 and 5
(b) 5 and 3
(c) 4 and 4
(d) 5 and 5
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THORAX
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CONTAINS
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Feature ANAL CERCI ANAL STYLE/CAUDAL STYLE
Number One pair One pair
Location 10th abdominal segment 9th abdominal segment
Structure Segmented Unsegmented
Sensory (air vibration / Reproductive (help in
Function
sound / touch) copulation)
Present in Both male & female Only in male
Importance Escape response Sex identification (NEET )
ANATOMY
Digestive system
Its alimentary canal consists of three main parts :
1. Foregut
2. Midgut or mesenteron
3. Hindgut
• The foregut and the hindgut are lined by cuticle internally,
while the midgut and is not lined by cuticle.
• Foregut and hindgut is ectodermal in origin whereas
midgut is endodermal in origin.
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GIZZARD (CROSS SECTION)
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Midgut /Mesenteron secrete peritrophic membrane
Peritrophic membrane
[Link] of midgut (as midgut internally not lined by
cuticle)
[Link] permeable for digestive enzymes
HINDGUT
• The hindgut is broader than
midgut and is differentiated into
ileum, colon and rectum.
• The rectum opens out through
anus
The hindgut mainly performs:
• Absorption of water
• Storage and elimination of
faeces
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Tracheal
tube
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Tracheal
tubes
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Respiratory system
• The opening of the spiracles is regulated by the
sphincters.
• Exchange of gases take place at the tracheoles by
diffusion .
• Note:-
• Total spiracles – 10 pairs
• Out of 10 pairs , 2 pairs are located in thorax and 8 pairs
are present in abdomen .
Blood vascular system of cockroach
• Blood vascular system include comprises the blood,
haemocoel, heart and anterior aorta.
• Cockroach have open blood vascular system .
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Cockroach Human
heart
vein vein
sinuses Capillary
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Blood or haemolymph
• The haemolymph of cockroach consists of clear colourless
plasma and numerous different types of cells, called
haemocytes.
• Haemocytes can act as phagocytes in removing the wastes
from tissues.
• Haemolymph is devoid of a respiratory pigment, hence it does
not assist in respiration. (NEET)
Haemocoel
• The body cavity of the cockroach is filled with blood and that
is why it is referred to as haemocoel.
• The blood-filled spaces are known as sinuses .
Heart
• It consists of elongated muscular tube lying along mid-
dorsal line of thorax and abdomen.
• The anterior end of this long narrow tube is open while
posterior end is closed.
• It consists of 13 funnel-shaped contractile chambers. Heart
of cockroach is neurogenic.
• Neurogenic heart → heartbeat originates from nerves
Anterior aorta
• The first chamber of the heart forms
a single narrow tubular anterior
aorta leading to the sinuses (in head
region).
• At the posterior end of each
chamber, a pair of apertures, the
ostia, are present laterally. The heart
receives blood from the sinuses
through ostia. Ostia are guarded by
valves to check the flow of blood
from the heart to the sinuses.
ANTERIOR AORTA
DRAW
BOTH HAEMOCOEL
DIAGRAM
OSTIUM
CLOSE
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• The blood from heart is pumped
into sinuses anteriorly by the
contraction and relaxation of
fan-shaped paired muscles
called Alary muscles.
Blood circulation
Sinuses
↓
Ostia
↓
Heart
↓
Anterior Aorta
↓
Sinuses
Note:-
there are 3 sinuses
-pericardial sinus
-perivisceral sinus
-perineural sinus
• Total chambers of heart- 13 ( 3 in thorax and 10 in
abdomen)
• Alary muscles – 12 pairs
• Alary muscles are fan-shaped muscles
• They help in pumping blood forward in cockroach
Excretory System
Malpighian tubules
• These are attached to the
alimentary canal at the
junction of midgut and
hindgut.
• These are fine, long,
unbranched, yellowish blind
tubules lying freely in the
haemolymph.
• Each tubule is lined by
glandular and ciliated cells.
• They absorb nitrogenous
waste products from
haemolymph and convert
them into uric acid which is
excreted through hindgut.
Therefore, cockroach is
uricotelic.
• Malpighian tubule is also
involved in osmoregulation
Other excretory structure
1. Fat body
2. Nephrocytes
3. Urecose glands
Male cockroach of some species possess Urecose
glands on the periphery of mushroom glands. These
glands synthesize uric acid.
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• In the head region, the
brain is represented by
supra-oesophageal
ganglion which supplies
nerves to antennae and
compound eyes
• Abdominal segment I,
II,III,IV,VI,VII bear ganglia
whereas abdominal
segment V do not bear
ganglia
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Male Reproductive System
All male reproductive organs are
located in abdomen. They include:
(i) Testis
Male gonads are a pair of testes,
lying one on either dorso-lateral
side of 4th to 6th abdominal
segments.
(ii) Vasa deferens
The paired vasa deferens one from
each testis, and opens to
ejaculatory duct.
(iii) Seminal vesicles
• They are meant for storage of
sperms.
• The sperms are stored and glued
together in the form of bundles
called spermatophore which are
discharged during copulation.
• Spermatophore is thus a pear-
shaped capsule containing
spermatic fluid with sperms
(iv) Ejaculatory duct
It is a single, median and
muscular duct that extends
posteriorly and it opens into
male gonopore situated
ventral to anus.
(v) Mushroom gland or utricular glands
The mushroom gland in 6th to 7th abdominal segments which
consists of numerous compact, finger-like tubules. Their
secretion nourishes the sperms.
(vi) Phallic or conglobate gland
It is a large club shaped gland present below ejaculatory duct.
Phallic gland secretes the outer layer of spermatophore.
(vii) External genitalia or gonapophysis/phallomere
Gonapophysis help in copulation. These consist of three small
irregular chitinous plates surrounding the male gonopore
Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
• A pair of yellow-coloured
ovaries lie laterally in 2nd to
6th abdominal segments
• Each ovary is formed of a
group of eight ovarian tubules
or ovarioles, containing a
chain of developing ova.
Oviducts and vagina
• all the ovarioles of an ovary
unite to form a short and wide
lateral oviduct.
• The two lateral oviducts in their
turn unite in 7th segment to
form a very short median
common oviduct/vagina.
• vagina opens into large genital
pouch.
Spermatheca (NEET)
• A pair of spermatheca is present
in the 6th segment which opens
into the genital chamber.
• In female, spermatheca is
temporary storage of
spermatozoa, received during
copulation from the male.
(iv) Collaterial gland
A pair of branched accessory or
collateral glands secrete the hard
egg-case or ootheca around groups
of fertilised eggs.
Genital pouch
• In female cockroach, 7th sternum is large, boat-shaped and
alone with 8th and 9th sterna forms brood or genital pouch.
• Genital pouch can be divided into two parts – smaller anterior
part containing female gonopore and pores of spermatheca
and collateral glands is termed genital chamber, while its larger
posterior part in which ootheca is formed is called vestibulum
or oothecal chamber.
(vi) External genitalia or ovipositor
There are three pairs of plate-like chitinous gonapophyses
present. It helps in copulation, handling of ootheca
Fertilisation and Development
• During copulation, the spermatophore is deposited into
female genital pouch and later sperms are stored in
spermatheca.
• Eggs from each ovariole descend into common oviduct,
where they get fertilized by sperms
• Note:-
• Spermatophore is 3 layered of which outer layer secreted by
phallic or conglobate gland, middle layer is secreted by
ejaculatory duct and inner layer is secreted by mushroom
gland
• Fertilized eggs become surrounded by the secretion of
collateral glands, which hardens to form an egg case or
ootheca.
• 14–16 eggs are arranged in two rows in one ootheca.
• On an average, about 9–10 ootheca are laid by the
female cockroach. (NEET)
• An ootheca is about 3/8” (8 mm) long. It is a dark reddish
to blackish brown capsule.
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