Complete Python Solution Code
This script uses a generic house price prediction workflow matching the exact tasks outlined in
your document. It includes a built-in visualization step to help with your task 5 interpretation.
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import [Link] as plt
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from [Link] import mean_absolute_error, mean_squared_error, r2_score
# =====================================================================
# TASK 0: Load the Dataset
# (Replace the URL with your local path if you downloaded the CSV file)
# =====================================================================
url = "[Link]
try:
df = pd.read_csv(url)
print("Dataset loaded successfully!")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Could not load from URL. Error: {e}")
print("Please ensure you have an active internet connection or download the file manually.")
# Basic preprocessing (Handling dummy data assumptions for demonstration)
# We select numeric columns. Replace 'Price' with the exact target column name if different.
df_numeric = df.select_dtypes(include=[[Link]]).dropna()
X = df_numeric.drop(columns=['Price'], errors='ignore') # Features
y = df_numeric['Price'] if 'Price' in df_numeric else df_numeric.iloc[:, -1] # Target variable
# =====================================================================
# TASK 1: Train-Test Split (80% training, 20% testing)
# =====================================================================
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.20, random_state=42)
print(f"\n--- Task 1: Train-Test Split ---")
print(f"Training set size (Features): {X_train.shape}")
print(f"Testing set size (Features): {X_test.shape}")
# =====================================================================
# TASK 2: Model Training
# =====================================================================
model = LinearRegression()
[Link](X_train, y_train)
print(f"\n--- Task 2: Model Training ---")
print("Linear Regression model trained successfully!")
# =====================================================================
# TASK 3: Model Prediction
# =====================================================================
y_pred = [Link](X_test)
print(f"\n--- Task 3: Model Prediction ---")
print(f"Generated {len(y_pred)} predictions for the test dataset.")
print("First 5 predictions:", y_pred[:5])
# =====================================================================
# TASK 4: Model Evaluation
# =====================================================================
mae = mean_absolute_error(y_test, y_pred)
mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred)
rmse = [Link](mse)
r2 = r2_score(y_test, y_pred)
print(f"\n--- Task 4: Model Evaluation Metrics ---")
print(f"Mean Absolute Error (MAE): {mae:.2f}")
print(f"Mean Squared Error (MSE): {mse:.2f}")
print(f"Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE): {rmse:.2f}")
print(f"R² Score: {r2:.4f}")
# =====================================================================
# TASK 5: Visual Representation (Plotting Actual vs Predicted)
# =====================================================================
[Link](figsize=(8, 6))
[Link](y_test, y_pred, color='blue', alpha=0.6, edgecolors='k', label='Predicted vs Actual')
[Link]([y_test.min(), y_test.max()], [y_test.min(), y_test.max()], color='red', lw=2, linestyle='--',
label='Perfect Fit Line')
[Link]('Actual vs Predicted House Prices')
[Link]('Actual Prices')
[Link]('Predicted Prices')
[Link]()
[Link](True)
[Link]()
Task 5: Model Interpretation Guide
To complete the final part of your assignment text entry, use the following framework based on
the results you see in your console output:
1. Analyzing Performance
● MAE & RMSE: Look at these values relative to your average house prices. If your
average house price is $300,000 and your RMSE is $15,000, your model is relatively
accurate. If the error numbers are massive compared to the home prices, the model is
missing key patterns.
● R^2 Score: This value ranges from 0 to 1 (or can be negative if the model is
exceptionally poor).
○ An R^2 score close to 1.0 (e.g., 0.85 or higher) means the features (size,
bedrooms, location) explain most of the variation in price.
○ An R^2 score close to 0.0 means the model is barely doing better than guessing
the average price.
2. Is the model accurate or does it need improvement?
● If R^2 is high (> 0.75): "The model shows strong predictive capability. The predicted
points cluster closely along the diagonal ideal line in the graph, indicating a good fit with
acceptable margins of error."
● If R^2 is low (< 0.60): "The model needs significant improvement. Linear relationships
may not capture real estate trends fully. Accuracy can be improved by adding more
relevant features, handling missing outliers more robustly, or using non-linear models
like Random Forests or Gradient Boosting."