DATA AKADEMİ MODAL REVİEW

Modal lar ‘’yetenek, olasılık, rica, izin isteme, gereklilik ve zorunlukluk, tavsiye... gibi anlamları yüklemek için
doğrudan bir tense kullanılarak değil, belirtilmek istenilen niteliği(anlamı) taşıması açısından bir modal ile
kullanılmalıdır.

Bununla ilgili olarak;

1. Modal + V0 = PRESENT- FUTURE

2. Modal + be VİNG = PRESENT CONTINUOUS
3. Modal+ have V3 = PAST
4. Modal + have been VİNG =PAST CONTINUOUS

MODAL + V0 ; Bu kullanımda eylem ya genel ( present simple) yada gelecek ( future simple) olarak
düşünüşülür.

-She can answer these questions in an hour.( bu soruları bir saatte cevaplayabilir.)

-We may go on holiday next month. ( gelecek ay tatile gidebiliriz.)

-I don’t have to go to work tomorrow. ( yarın işe gitmek zorunda değilim/ gitmeme gerek yok)

MODAL + be VİNG ; Bu kullanımda eylem eylem konuşma anında(present continuous) gerçekleşmetedir veya
gerçekleşmekte olabilir.

-Where is Bilge ? I don’t know. She may be at home. She may be sleeping or studying.
Bilge nerede? Bilmiyorum. Evde olabilir . Uyuyor yada ders çalışıyor olabilir.
-The lights are off. She can’t be studying.
-She should be studying for her exam now because she
has an exam tomorrow.

Modal+ have V3 ; Bu durumda eylem konuşma anının öncesinde(past ) gerçekleşmiştir.

-I shouldn’t have told anything to him. He isn’t a dependable person.

-She couldn’t pass her final exam. She should have studied.

-I don’t know where she is. She may have forgotten about the meeting.

-I could have bought that car yesterday but I forgot to call him on time.

-It was the hardest exam I have ever taken but He passed it. He must have studied a lot.

- Before they went to the cinema, they should have made sure that the tickets were valid.
Modal + have been VİNG; Bu durumda eylem geçmişte bir anda devam etmektedir.( past continuous)
-He must have been joking when he said he was going to quit last week.

-She should have been waiting for the meeting when the chairman entered the building.

-He needn’t have been studying for this project for a long time. The company had already given
up the project prior to presentation.

- Sally must have been sleeping when I phoned her because her father picked up the phone.
 ABILITY

MODAL ÖRNEK ÇEVİRİ

CAN V1 - Though she is only five years old, she can play
- EBİLİR the piano very well.

AM - IS - ARE ABLE TO V0 - Though she is only five years old, she is able to
- EBİLİR play the piano very well.

COULD V1 - He could swim very well when he was four

-EBİLİRDİ years old.
WAS - WERE – ABLE TO V0 - In the 16th century, fishermen were able to
-EBİLİRDİ smuggle wine into the country without fear of
being caught by theauthorities.

WAS - WERE – ABLE TO V0 - Bob’s computer broke down, but fortunately he

-EBİLDİ ( managed to: başardı) was able to repair it on his own. (bu cümlede
could kullanılmaz.)

WILL – SHALL - BE ABLE TO V0 - You will all be able to understand complex

-EBİLECEK articles at the end of this course

POSSIBLITY

MODAL ÖRNEK ÇEVİRİ

MAY – MIGHT – COULD V0 - She can /may/ might/ could be at

-OLABİLİR home.
CAN – COULD V0 -
-OLABİLİR
BE LIKELY TO V0 - He is off today. He is likely to go
-OLABİLİR shopping.

BE UNLIKELY TO V0 - -He feels tired today. He is unlikely to

-OLMAYABİLİR go shopping.

BE BOUND TO V0 - If you don’t study regularly, it is

-OLMASI KUVVETLE MUHTEMEL bound to affect your test results.
 REQUEST AND PERMISSION

MODAL ÖRNEK ÇEVİRİ

CAN – COULD – WILL – WOULD [Link] you help me with my project?

V1…? [Link] you pass the salt please?
- YAPAR MISIN?
WOULD YOU MIND Ving….? [Link] you mind doing something
- YAPAR MISIN? (ricada bulunma)
[Link] you mind opening the
window?

WOULD YOU MIND + IF + SUBJECT+ -Would you mind if I opened the

V2 ….? window?
- NIN SAKINCASI VAR MI?
MAY – MIGHT – CAN – COULD V1….? -
- EBILIR MİYİM?
NOT: ‘Do you mind’ ve ‘would you mind’ ile sorulan sorulara cevap verirken genellikle eğer izin veriyorsak ‘no’ gibi olumsuz
anlam içeren ifadeleri, izin vermiyorsak ‘yes’ gibi olumlu anlam içeren ifadeleri kullanmamız gerekir.

NECESSITY AND OBLIGATION

MODAL ÖRNEK ÇEVİRİ

MUST V0 - (yapmalı, kuvvetli tavsiyede de kullanılır)

zORUNDAYIM (present ve future anlam)
-He must study hard to pass the exam.
HAVE TO / HAS TO V0 - (yapmalı, kuvvetli tavsiyede de kullanılır)
- ZORUNDAYIM (zamanlarla çekimi var)
-You have to take this medicine regularly.
HAVE GOT TO / HAS GOT TO - (yapmalı, kuvvetli tavsiyede de kullanılır)
V0 (zamanlarla çekimi var)
- ZORUNDAYIM -You have (got) to take this medicine
regularly.
NEED TO V0 - (yapması gerek) (zamanlarla çekimi var)
- E GEREK VAR -I need to wash the dishes tonight.

HAD TO V0 -We had to stay for another night as

- ZORUNDA KALDIM mechanic could’t finish the reparing.

ADVICE

MODAL ÖRNEK ÇEVİRİ

SHOULD / OUGHT TO V0 - You should / ought to drink something hot.

- MELİ / MALI
HAD BETTER V0 - You had better not drink something cold.
- SAN İYİ OLUR
MUST V0 - You must see a doctor if you have an
- MELİ / MALI unbearable headache.
 DEDUCTION

MODAL ÖRNEK ÇEVİRİ

MUST V0 - They have taken final exams recently.

- MELİ / MALI They must be exhausted.

CAN’T V0 - Şeyma has just eaten. She can’t be hungry.

- OLAMAZ

HABITUAL ACTIONS

MODAL ÖRNEK ÇEVİRİ

BE USED TO Ving [Link] is used to working in a noisy

BE ACCUSTOMED TO Ving office.
- E ALIŞKIN [Link] I was younger I was used to
working hard, but now I easily get tired.

GET USED TO Ving -Don’t worry. You will soon get used to
GET ACCUSTOMED TO Ving living in a crowded city.”
- E ALIŞMAK
USED TO V1:hem eylem hem durum) [Link] grandmother..... read me a story
before I went to bed in my childhood.
WOULD V0( sadece eylem bildiren)
[Link] ....... be a tall building in front of
-ERDİM / - ARDIM our house when I was a child.

**‘Used to’ yapısının olumsuz şekli ‘didn’t use to+V1’ şeklindedir. (eski kullanımı ‘usedn’t to+V1’)

Soru şekli ‘Did you use to + V1’şeklindedir. (eski kullanım ‘used you to+V1’ )

PREFERENCE

MODAL ÖRNEK ÇEVİRİ

1.I would rather stay at home today.

WOULD RATHER V0
2.I would prefer to watch a film on TV
tonight.
WOULD SOONER V0
3.I would prefer to stay in than (to) go out
WOULD PREFER TO V0 at night.
-TERCİH EDERİM
4.I prefer cooking to washing the dishes.

5.I prefer to stay in than go out at night.

6.I would rather be sleeping now.

7.I would prefer you to come home earlier.

8.I would rather have studied harder.
9.I would rather you were with me.
10.I would rather you had stayed in.

**would prefer’ ardından bir isim de alabilir, ancak ‘would rather’ isimle kullanılmaz. (I’d prefer this book
 PROHIBITION

MODAL ÖRNEK ÇEVİRİ

MUSTN’T V0 - You mustn’t smoke here. It’s not allowed.

- YASAK - You can’t smoke here.

BE NOT ALLOWED TO V0 - We aren’t allowed to wear colorful

- YASAK jumpers in high school.

EXPECTATION

MODAL ÖRNEK ÇEVİRİ

AM / IS / ARE TO V0 - 1.I am to go now.

MESİ / -MASI LAZIM 2.I am supposed to buy a bottle of milk for
breakfast.
[Link] was to go to Isparta to buy some rugs
last week.
*She felt nervous because she was soon to
meet the new teacher.
4. I was to have gone to Istanbul last week,
but I changed my mind
5. The match was supposed to start at 5
o’clock. (demek ki saat beşi geçti)

AM / IS / ARE SUPPOSED TO V0 [Link] match is supposed to stat at 5

-MESİ / -MASI LAZIM tomorrow.
[Link] match was supposed to start at 5
o’clock. (demek ki saat beşi geçti)

SHOULD V0 - He should take these pills to accelarate

-MESİ / -MASI LAZIM his healing.
 PERFECT MODALS ( PAST MEANING)

MODAL ÖRNEK ÇEVİRİ

SHOULD HAVE V3 [Link] should have studied harder.

(yapması gerekirdi ama yapmadı) (geçmişle
OUGHT TO HAVE V3 ilgili yorum yaparken)
2. You shouldn’t have drunk so much.
- MELİYDİ / -MALIYDI (yapmaması gerekirdi ama yaptı) (geçmişle
ilgili yorum yaparken)
*WAS / WERE SUPPOSED TO + V1 [Link] match was supposed to start at 5
o’clock. (demek ki saat beşi geçti

MAY HAVE V3 -She is late again; she may / might /

could have missed the bus.
MIGHT HAVE V3 -By this time next week, I may /might
/could have left for Washington.

COULD HAVE V3
- MİŞ OLABİLİR
COULD HAVE V3 - If you had come earlier, you could
- EBİLİRDİ have seen her.
Might have V3 / would have V3

COULDN’T HAVE V3 If Ali hadn’t helped them, they

- EMEZDİM couldn’t have passed the exam.

MUST HAVE V3 - He must have had some sound reasons

for drawing up such a rigid timetable
- MIŞ OLMALI

CAN’T HAVE V3 - She must not have seen the notice “No
- MIŞ OLAMAZ smoking” because she has lit her second
COULDN’T HAVE V3 cigarette.
- MIŞ OLAMAZ

NEEDN’T HAVE V3 - you needn’t have translated the text,

I know English.
- E GEREK YOKTU AMA YAPTI
WOULD:

Yukarıda belirtilen anlamların dışındaki ‘would’ kullanımları:

a) Typical behaviour: Herhangi bir kişinin sürekli aynı şekilde bir davranış gösterdiğini veya herhangi bir durumun her zaman
aynı şekilde meydana geldiğini belirtirken ‘would’ kullanılabilir. Bu tipik davranış bazen rahatsızlık verici bir durumu da anlatabilir. Bu
kullanımda ‘would’ past anlam taşımayabilir.

* It would start raining just whenever we played football.

* I know Jill well; she would never talk to you like that.

b) Past of ‘will’: ‘would’ kullanımı aktarma cümleleri (=reported speech) ve isim cümleleri (=noun clauses) gibi cümle
yapılarında ‘will’ yardımcı fiilinin past şekli olarak kullanılabilir.

*Mary felt quite certain that her sister would stand by her, but in the end she didn’t.

*My mother said she would call us as soon as she arrived home.

c) Unreal situations: ‘would’ özellikle ‘if’ / ’wish’ cümlelerinde (ve benzer kullanımlarda) ‘present’ veya ‘future’ anlamlı
kullanılır. (unreal present)

*Powering a spacecraft still requires vast amounts of fuel, which would make space tourism far too expensive.

* You would look better with your hair shorter.

* I wouldn’t talk to John if I were you. He has been so rude to you lately.

* I wish he would work with us in our firm as I believe that he will be more powerful.

d) ‘Would have+V3’ yapısı ‘if’li cümlelerde (ve benzer kullanımlarda ) ‘past’anlamda kullanılır.( unreal past)

* Orphan elephants need to be given the same companionship as they would have received from their mothers in the wild.

* I wouldn’t have told you that I had been fired if I’d known you’d be so upset.

TENSE AGREEMENT WITH MODALS

Temel cümlede bir ‘modal’ kullanıldığında, o cümleyi niteleyen bir ‘time clause’ varsa iki yapı arasında zaman
uyumu (=tense agreement) aranmalıdır.

*You’d better pay that bill before the phone is cut off.

* We must plan a really good surprise for Fred for when the competition is over.

*Before you used my computer, you should have taken my permission.

***Dikkat: ‘Perfect modals’ (=modal+have+V3) her zaman geçmişe gönderme yapmaz. Bu yapılar ‘present’ veya
‘future’ anlam da taşıyabilir.

*By the time you get home, I could have gone to sleep, so please don’t ring the bell.

*The workers should have repaired the roof of my house by the end of this week before the weather turns bad.

*When we arrive home, you must have repaired.