REAL NUMBERS — UNIT TEST

Master File · Versions A, B, C, D (with question keys)

Class 10 · Chapter 1 · Academic Year 2026–27
Bracketed tag after each question = source. LBA = appears in the LBA model/practice papers;
year/paper tags = previous board, model (MQP), state-prep (SLPE) or term exam; KSEAB QB = official question
bank.
 UNIT TEST (SET A)
REAL NUMBERS
Class: 10 Academic Year: 2026–27 Max. Marks: 20
Subject: Mathematics Chapter 1 — Real Numbers Time: 45 min

General Instructions: All questions are compulsory. Internal choice (OR) is provided in some questions;
answer any one. Write neatly and show the necessary steps.
I. Four alternatives are given for each question. Choose the correct one and write
it with its letter of alphabet. 3×1=3
1. The H.C.F of the smallest composite number and the smallest prime number is ________
[LBA · Sept 2020]
(A) 4 (C) 1
(B) 2 (D) 8
2. For any two positive integers ‘a’ and ‘b’, H.C.F (a, b) × L.C.M (a, b) is equal to ________ [LBA
· Apr 2019]
(A) (a + b) (C) (a × b)
(B) (a − b) (D) (a ÷ b)
3. 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 is a/an ________ [LBA · Aug 2024]
(A) Prime number (C) Irrational number
(B) Composite number (D) Odd number
II. Answer the following questions. 3×1=3
4. State the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. [LBA · 2026 Exam-1]
5. Express 96 as the product of its prime factors. [LBA · June 2019]
6. Find the maximum length of the rod which can measure the rods of length 24 m and 36 m
exactly. [LBA]
III. Answer the following questions. 4×2=8
7. If the H.C.F (306, 657) is 9, then find the L.C.M (306, 657). [LBA]
8. Prove that √3 + 5 is an irrational number. [LBA · MQP 2024]
OR
Prove that 2 + √5 is an irrational number. [Apr 2018]
9. According to the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, if 40 = xʸz, then find the values of x, y
and z. [LBA · Apr 2025]
10. There is a circular path around a sports field. A takes 18 minutes to drive one round of the
field, while B takes 24 minutes for the same. If they both start at the same point, at the same
time, and go in the same direction, after how many minutes will they meet again at the
starting point? [LBA]
OR
The product of the H.C.F and L.C.M of two numbers is 2016. If one of the numbers is 42,
then find the other number. [MQP 2025-26]
IV. Answer the following questions. 2×3=6
11. Prove that √5 is an irrational number. [LBA · June 2020]
OR
Prove that √3 is an irrational number. [Sept 2020]
12. Find the H.C.F and L.C.M of the numbers 510 and 92 by the method of prime factorization
and verify that L.C.M × H.C.F = the product of the two numbers. [LBA · SLP 2024]
OR
An army contingent of 616 members is to march behind an army band of 32 members in a
parade. The two groups are to march in the same number of columns. What is the maximum
number of columns in which they can march? Also find the number of rows in each group.
[LBA]
 ANSWER KEY — SET A

Section I — MCQ
1. (B) 2. Smallest composite = 4, smallest prime = 2 ⇒ H.C.F = 2.
2. (C) (a × b). H.C.F × L.C.M = product of the numbers.
3. (B) Composite number. 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 = 13 (77 + 1) = 13 × 78, which has a factor 13.
Section II — 1 Mark
4. Every composite number can be expressed as a product of primes, and this factorization is
unique, apart from the order of the prime factors.
5. 96 = 2⁵ × 3.
6. H.C.F (24, 36) = 12 m. (24 = 2³ × 3, 36 = 2² × 3².)
Section III — 2 Marks
7. 9 × L.C.M = 306 × 657 = 2,01,042 ⇒ L.C.M = 22,338.
8. Assume √3 + 5 = a/b (co-primes). Then √3 = (a − 5b)/b is rational — contradiction. Hence
irrational.
OR Assume 2 + √5 = a/b. Then √5 = (a − 2b)/b is rational — contradiction. Hence irrational.
9. 40 = 2³ × 5 ⇒ x = 2, y = 3, z = 5.
10. L.C.M (18, 24) = 72 ⇒ after 72 minutes.
OR Other number = 2016 ÷ 42 = 48.
Section IV — 3 Marks
11. Assume √5 = a/b (co-primes) ⇒ 5b² = a² ⇒ 5 | a, a = 5c ⇒ b² = 5c² ⇒ 5 | b. Common factor
5 — contradiction. Hence √5 irrational.
OR Assume √3 = a/b ⇒ 3b² = a² ⇒ 3 | a, a = 3c ⇒ b² = 3c² ⇒ 3 | b. Contradiction. Hence √3
irrational.
12. 510 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 17, 92 = 2² × 23. H.C.F = 2, L.C.M = 23,460. Check: 2 × 23,460 = 46,920
= 510 × 92. ✓
OR H.C.F (616, 32): 616 = 2³ × 7 × 11, 32 = 2⁵ ⇒ H.C.F = 2³ = 8 columns. Rows: 616 ÷ 8 =
77, 32 ÷ 8 = 4.
 UNIT TEST (SET B)
REAL NUMBERS
Class: 10 Academic Year: 2026–27 Max. Marks: 20
Subject: Mathematics Chapter 1 — Real Numbers Time: 45 min

General Instructions: All questions are compulsory. Internal choice (OR) is provided in some questions;
answer any one. Write neatly and show the necessary steps.
I. Four alternatives are given for each question. Choose the correct one and write
it with its letter of alphabet. 3×1=3
1. The H.C.F of 3 and 5 is ________ [LBA · MQP 2025-26]
(A) 1 (C) 5
(B) 3 (D) 15
2. Any composite number can be expressed as the product of ________ [LBA · MQP 2025-26]
(A) even numbers (C) prime numbers
(B) odd numbers (D) square numbers
3. If p and q are co-primes, then the H.C.F of p² and q² is ________ [LBA · MQP 2025-26]
(A) pq (C) p + q
(B) 1 (D) p²q²
II. Answer the following questions. 3×1=3
4. Express 140 as a product of prime numbers. [MQP 2025]
5. If the H.C.F of the numbers 24 and 36 is 12, then find their L.C.M. [KSEAB QB]
6. If 200 = 2ᵐ × 5ⁿ, then find the values of m and n. [Apr 2024]
III. Answer the following questions. 4×2=8
7. If the L.C.M of (91, 26) is 182, then find the H.C.F of (91, 26). [KSEAB QB]
8. Prove that 6 + √2 is an irrational number. [2026 Exam-2]
OR
Prove that 5 − √3 is an irrational number. [MQP 2025-26]
9. Find the largest number that divides 438 and 606 without leaving any remainder. [MTE 2024]
OR
Two traffic lights blink at intervals of 48 and 72 seconds. If they blink together at 8:00 a.m.,
at what time will they next blink together? [KSEAB QB]
10. The lengths of two rectangular tables are 84 cm and 126 cm, and both have a width equal
to 42 cm. Find the maximum side of a square glass sheet that can exactly fit both tables,
and the number of glass sheets required for each table. [LBA · MQP 2025-26]
IV. Answer the following questions. 2×3=6
11. Prove that √2 is an irrational number. [KSEAB QB]
12. Find the H.C.F and L.C.M of the integers 336 and 54 by the method of prime factorization
and verify that L.C.M × H.C.F = the product of the integers. [SLP 2024]
OR
Find the H.C.F of 135 and 75 by the prime factorization method, and then find the L.C.M of
H.C.F (135, 75) and 20. [LBA · 2026 Exam-1]
 ANSWER KEY — SET B

Section I — MCQ
1. (A) 1. 3 and 5 are co-primes ⇒ H.C.F = 1.
2. (C) prime numbers. (Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic.)
3. (B) 1. Co-primes share no common prime factor.
Section II — 1 Mark
4. 140 = 2² × 5 × 7.
5. L.C.M = (24 × 36) ÷ 12 = 72.
6. 200 = 2³ × 5² ⇒ m = 3, n = 2.
Section III — 2 Marks
7. H.C.F = (91 × 26) ÷ 182 = 13. (91 = 7 × 13, 26 = 2 × 13.)
8. Assume 6 + √2 = a/b ⇒ √2 = (a − 6b)/b rational — contradiction. Hence irrational.
OR Assume 5 − √3 = a/b ⇒ √3 = (5b − a)/b rational — contradiction. Hence irrational.
9. H.C.F (438, 606): 438 = 2 × 3 × 73, 606 = 2 × 3 × 101 ⇒ H.C.F = 6.
OR L.C.M (48, 72) = 144 s = 2 min 24 s ⇒ 8:02:24 a.m.
10. Max side = H.C.F (84, 126) = 42 cm. Sheets: 84 ÷ 42 = 2 and 126 ÷ 42 = 3.
Section IV — 3 Marks
11. Assume √2 = a/b (co-primes) ⇒ 2b² = a² ⇒ 2 | a, a = 2c ⇒ b² = 2c² ⇒ 2 | b. Contradiction.
Hence √2 irrational.
12. 336 = 2⁴ × 3 × 7, 54 = 2 × 3³. H.C.F = 6, L.C.M = 3024. Check: 6 × 3024 = 18,144 = 336 ×
54. ✓
OR 135 = 3³ × 5, 75 = 3 × 5² ⇒ H.C.F = 15. L.C.M (15, 20) = 60.
 UNIT TEST (SET C)
REAL NUMBERS
Class: 10 Academic Year: 2026–27 Max. Marks: 20
Subject: Mathematics Chapter 1 — Real Numbers Time: 45 min

General Instructions: All questions are compulsory. Internal choice (OR) is provided in some questions;
answer any one. Write neatly and show the necessary steps.
I. Four alternatives are given for each question. Choose the correct one and write
it with its letter of alphabet. 3×1=3
1. Which of the following is a rational number? [MQP 2025]
(A) √3 (C) √5
(B) √4 (D) √7
2. The L.C.M of 2 and 3 is ________ [2025 Exam-1]
(A) 2 (C) 5
(B) 3 (D) 6
3. The product of the H.C.F and L.C.M of the numbers 15 and 20 is ________ [Apr 2024]
(A) 15 (C) 300
(B) 20 (D) 35
II. Answer the following questions. 3×1=3
4. Express 156 as a product of its prime factors. [KSEAB QB]
5. Write the L.C.M of 5 and 7. [2025 Exam-2]
6. Write a number whose only prime factors are 3 and 7. [KSEAB QB]
III. Answer the following questions. 4×2=8
7. The H.C.F and L.C.M of two positive integers are 4 and 60 respectively. If one of the integers
is 20, then find the other integer. [2025 Exam-1]
8. Prove that 3 + 2√5 is an irrational number. [KSEAB QB]
OR
Prove that √5 − 7 is an irrational number. [KSEAB QB]
9. A sweet seller has 420 kaju barfis and 130 badam barfis. She wants to stack them so that
each stack has the same number of barfis and they take up the least area of the tray. Find
the number of barfis that can be placed in each stack. [KSEAB QB]
OR
Three runners take 18, 24 and 30 minutes respectively to complete one round of a circular
track. If they start together, after how many minutes will they next meet at the starting point?
[KSEAB QB]
10. What is a composite number? Which is the composite number among 23 and 24? [LBA · MQP
2024]

IV. Answer the following questions. 2×3=6

11. Find the H.C.F and L.C.M of 26 and 91 by the method of prime factorization and verify that
L.C.M × H.C.F = the product of the numbers. [KSEAB QB]
12. The floor of an auditorium measuring 112 ft × 72 ft is paved with square tiles. Find the
maximum side length of a square tile that fits exactly, and the total number of such tiles
required. [SLPE-1 2026]
OR
120 boys and 96 girls are to be seated in equal rows such that each row contains students
of only one gender. Find the maximum number of students that can be seated in each row,
and the total number of rows. [KSEAB QB]
 ANSWER KEY — SET C

Section I — MCQ
1. (B) √4 = 2 is rational; √3, √5, √7 are irrational.
2. (D) 6.
3. (C) 300. (15 × 20 = 300.)
Section II — 1 Mark
4. 156 = 2² × 3 × 13.
5. 5 and 7 are co-primes ⇒ L.C.M = 35.
6. Any number of the form 3ᵃ × 7ᵇ, e.g. 21 (= 3 × 7). [Also 63, 147, etc.]
Section III — 2 Marks
7. Other integer = (4 × 60) ÷ 20 = 12.
8. Assume 3 + 2√5 = a/b ⇒ √5 = (a − 3b)/(2b) rational — contradiction. Hence irrational.
OR Assume √5 − 7 = a/b ⇒ √5 = (a + 7b)/b rational — contradiction. Hence irrational.
9. H.C.F (420, 130): 420 = 2² × 3 × 5 × 7, 130 = 2 × 5 × 13 ⇒ H.C.F = 10 barfis per stack.
OR L.C.M (18, 24, 30) = 360 minutes.
10. A composite number has more than two factors. 23 is prime; 24 = 2³ × 3 is composite ⇒ 24.
Section IV — 3 Marks
11. 26 = 2 × 13, 91 = 7 × 13. H.C.F = 13, L.C.M = 182. Check: 13 × 182 = 2366 = 26 × 91. ✓
12. H.C.F (112, 72) = 8 ft. Tiles = (112 × 72) ÷ 64 = 126.
OR H.C.F (120, 96) = 24 per row. Rows: 5 + 4 = 9.
 UNIT TEST (SET D)
REAL NUMBERS
Class: 10 Academic Year: 2026–27 Max. Marks: 20
Subject: Mathematics Chapter 1 — Real Numbers Time: 45 min

General Instructions: All questions are compulsory. Internal choice (OR) is provided in some questions;
answer any one. Write neatly and show the necessary steps. Set D — previous-year questions; all 2026
Exam-1 and Exam-2 questions included (Section III is fully compulsory).
I. Four alternatives are given for each question. Choose the correct one and write
it with its letter of alphabet. 3×1=3
1. If ‘a’ and ‘b’ are two co-primes, then their L.C.M is ________ [SLPE-1 2026]
(A) a × b (C) a + b
(B) 0 (D) 1
2. The H.C.F of 5² × 2 and 2⁵ × 5 is ________ [MQP-1 2025]
(A) 2 × 5 (C) 5² × 2⁶
(B) 2⁵ × 5 (D) 2⁵ × 5²
3. If the product of two numbers is 540 and their L.C.M is 30, then their H.C.F is ________ [MQP
2025]
(A) 15 (C) 18
(B) 16 (D) 24
II. Answer the following questions. 3×1=3
4. State the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. [LBA · 2026 Exam-1]
5. Find the product of the H.C.F and L.C.M of the numbers 15 and 20. [2026 Exam-2]
6. Write the L.C.M of 5 and 7. [2025 Exam-2]
III. Answer the following questions. 4×2=8
7. Find the H.C.F of 135 and 75 by the prime factorization method, and then find the L.C.M of
H.C.F (135, 75) and 20. [LBA · 2026 Exam-1]
8. The L.C.M and H.C.F of the numbers 2ᵐ × 3², 3ⁿ × 2² and 3³ × 2 are 3⁴ × 2³ and 3ʸ × 2ˣ
respectively. Find the values of m, n, x and y. [2026 Exam-2]
9. Prove that 5 + √3 is an irrational number. [LBA · 2026 Exam-1]
10. Prove that 6 + √2 is an irrational number. [2026 Exam-2]
IV. Answer the following questions. 2×3=6
11. Prove that √5 is an irrational number. [MQP 2025-26]
12. The floor of an auditorium measuring 112 ft × 72 ft is paved with square tiles. Find the
maximum side length of a square tile that fits exactly, and the total number of such tiles
required. [SLPE-1 2026]
OR
Given that √3 is an irrational number, prove that 2 − √3 is an irrational number. [MQP 2025-26]
 ANSWER KEY — SET D

Section I — MCQ
1. (A) a × b. L.C.M of two co-primes = product.
2. (A) 2 × 5. Common primes, lowest powers = 2¹ × 5¹.
3. (C) 18. H.C.F = 540 ÷ 30 = 18.
Section II — 1 Mark
4. Every composite number = unique product of primes (apart from order).
5. Product of H.C.F and L.C.M = 15 × 20 = 300.
6. L.C.M of 5 and 7 = 35.
Section III — 2 Marks
7. 135 = 3³ × 5, 75 = 3 × 5² ⇒ H.C.F = 15. L.C.M (15, 20) = 60.
8. Highest powers ⇒ m = 3, n = 4; lowest powers ⇒ x = 1, y = 2.
9. Assume 5 + √3 = a/b ⇒ √3 = (a − 5b)/b rational — contradiction. Hence irrational.
10. Assume 6 + √2 = a/b ⇒ √2 = (a − 6b)/b rational — contradiction. Hence irrational.
Section IV — 3 Marks
11. Assume √5 = a/b (co-primes) ⇒ 5b² = a² ⇒ 5 | a, a = 5c ⇒ b² = 5c² ⇒ 5 | b. Contradiction.
Hence √5 irrational.
12. H.C.F (112, 72) = 8 ft. Tiles = (112 × 72) ÷ 64 = 126.
OR Assume 2 − √3 = a/b ⇒ √3 = (2b − a)/b rational — contradiction. Hence 2 − √3
irrational.