DELEGATE

GUIDE
GA1 SODMUN 3
 ROLL CALL‌
Purpose: Verifies attendance and ensures
quorum to start the session.

Responses: Delegates respond with:

“Present”: Can vote or abstain.

“Present and Voting”: Must vote for or
against; no abstention allowed.

Process: The Chair calls each country's

name, and delegates respond accordingly.

Significance: Determines voting eligibility

and records official attendance
 GENERAL SPEAKERS LIST (GSL)
The foundation of debate in any MUN committee. It allows delegates to formally share their country’s
stance on the agenda topic, highlight key issues, and propose potential solutions. The GSL is the first step in
structured discussions, ensuring every delegate has an equal opportunity to speak and contribute to the
debate. It helps the committee understand the perspectives of different countries and sets the tone for
productive discussions.

The GSL is a great way to practice public speaking and represent your country effectively. Speeches should
be clear, focused, and aligned with your country’s foreign policy. Delegates should use this platform to build
alliances by addressing shared concerns and proposing collaborative solutions. Always remember to stick
to your allocated speaking time and make your points concise and impactful.

A list where delegates Each delegate gets a It’s your chance to

take turns to give Raise your placard
fixed time, so plan express your stance,
formal speeches about when the Chair asks
your speech to include propose solutions, and
their country’s views for delegates to join
an introduction, key build partnerships
on the agenda. the GSL
points, and conclusion. with other delegates
MODERATED CAUCUS‌
A semi-formal debate format where delegates discuss specific
subtopics in a more focused and interactive manner. The Chair
moderates the discussion, and delegates speak one at a time for a
set speaking time. Unlike the General Speakers’ List, delegates don’t
need to follow a fixed order and can raise their placards to be
recognized during the session.

Key Features:
Purpose: Encourages focused discussion on a specific issue within
the agenda.
How It Works: Delegates raise their placards to be recognized by
the Chair and speak within a set time.
Format: Combines structure with flexibility, allowing for more
dynamic exchanges of ideas.
Why It’s Important: Helps narrow down topics, identify solutions,
and foster collaboration.
 USING YIELDS‌
Context: Delegates may yield the remaining
of their time from their speaking time either to:

the chair EXAMPLES‌

to another delegate or
to questions in the form of POI's The Delegate The Delegate
of [Country] of [Country]
would like to would like to
When: After a speech during a speakers list yield their time yield their time
or during moderated caucus. back to the to any and all
chair POI's
Votes required:
The Motion is not debatable; it shall not be
put to a vote and shall be automatically
accepted by the Chairpersons
UNMODERATED CAUCUS‌
An informal discussion where delegates move around,
form groups, and negotiate freely without the Chair’s
moderation. It allows delegates to brainstorm,
collaborate, and draft working papers or resolutions. This
is a key part of MUN where alliances are built, and ideas
take shape.

Key Features:
Purpose: Facilitates informal discussions to develop
solutions, form alliances, and draft documents.
How It Works: Delegates can move around, speak with
others, and work collaboratively without a structured
speaking rules.
Format: No speaking time or recognition by the Chair;
completely informal.
Why It’s Important: Encourages teamwork and helps
refine ideas for formal debate. 7
 MOTIONS‌
Formal proposals used to guide the committee's debate structure and progress. Delegates can raise
motions to transition between stages, such as starting or ending debate, entering voting procedures,
or suspending the session. Unlike points, motions often require a vote or consensus, ensuring that the
committee collectively agrees on each step of the debate process.

Motion to open debate: Used to start formal debate on the topic. Requires a simple majority to pass and
allows delegates to begin discussing the agenda.
Motion to set the agenda: If there are multiple topics, this motion helps decide which topic will be discussed
first. Delegates propose an agenda order, and the motion requires a vote to establish the sequence.
Motion for a moderated caucus: Introduces a structured, timed discussion focused on a specific subtopic,
with each delegate speaking in turn. Requires delegates to specify the topic, speaking time, and duration of
the caucus; a simple majority vote is needed to proceed.
Motion for a unmoderated caucus: Allows delegates to engage in free- flowing discussions, encouraging
informal negotiation and resolution drafting. Delegates specify the time duration, and it requires a simple
majority to pass.
8
 Motion to challenge: Allows a delegate to
question or contest another
delegate’s stance on a specific topic, promoting
direct debate on key issues. Motion to introduce draft resolutions: Formally
How: "Motion to challenge the delegate of ___ presents a draft resolution to the
on the topic of ___." committee, allowing it to be debated and
considered as a potential solution.
The Chair decides if the motion is in order. If How: "Motion to introduce Draft Resolution__ ."
approved, the challenged delegate can accept or A delegate raises this motion once they have
deny the challenge. the required number of sponsors/signatories for
If accepted, the challenging delegate their draft. The draft resolution is presented to
proposes either a 1v1 or 2v2 debate format. the committee, typically read or summarized.
Delegates debate briefly in a structured or The committee then proceeds to debate the draft,
unstructured format, taking Points of discussing amendments and points to refine it
Information (POIs) from others in the before any voting.
committee.
After the debate, the committee votes by
simple majority to determine the winner
 Motion Purpose Description Requirement

MOTION
Adjusts the time each delegate can Useful when certain clauses are
TO LIMIT/EXTEND SPEAKING Simple Majority
speak during formal debate. contentious; committee votes on each part individually.
TIME

MOTION TO DIVIDE THE Breaks down a resolution into Useful when certain clauses are Majority, then
QUESTION parts to vote on them separately. contentious; committee votes on each part individually. Clause-by-Clause

Temporarily sets aside the current Often used when a topic becomes Two-thirds
MOTION TO TABLE DEBATE
topic to return to it later. stagnant, allowing the committee to move to another topic on the agenda. Majority

Challenges a procedural decision Can only be introduced by a Two-thirds

MOTION TO RECONSIDER
made by the Chair. delegate who voted with the majority in the original decision. Majority

MOTION TO APPEAL If a delegate believes the Chair

Challenges a procedural decision
THE CHAIR’S DECISION made a procedural error, they can move to appeal the decision. Majority Vote
made by the Chair.

Temporarily pauses the session,

MOTION TO SUSPEND Used to take a break in debate,
typically for breaks or informal Simple Majority
THE MEETING such as for lunch, coffee, or caucusing
discussions.

Permanently ends debate on the

MOTION TO ADJOURN DEBATE Used when the committee feels that Two-thirds
current topic without voting on
no productive resolution can be reached on the topic Majority
resolutions.
 Most common way to participate. Used to ask
questions about the topic, propose amendments, or
Point of information seek clarification. Can be used to challenge or support
the speaker. Requires a question format, and the chair
decides how many are allowed

Used to address the chair about delegate well-being

Point of personal privilege (e.g., room temperature discomfort). Cannot interrupt
the speaker, except when the issue is inaudibility

Used to ask the chair about procedural rules (e.g.,

Point of parlimentary inquiry confusion about voting time allocation). Does not
interrupt the speaker.

Used to highlight a mistake in debate order, chair

Point of order error, or statistical inaccuracy by another delegate.
Does not interrupt the speaker
 RIGHT TO REPLY‌
Context: If a member of the committee makes a personal attack on another delegate,
then the offended delegate is permitted to reply to the delegate.
However, if an attack is made on a delegate’s position, the delegate does not receive a right of reply, meaning

“Country A is stupid...” would deserve a right of reply,

while “Country B’s idea of satellites is idiotic...” does not deserve a right of reply.

WHEN? A right of reply is requested directly after the personal attack is made Comment: The chair
makes the ultimate ruling as to whether the delegate in question deserves a right of reply.

Votes Required: The Motion is not debatable; it shall not be put to a vote and shall be
automatically accepted or rejected by the Chair
DRAFT RESOLUTIONS‌
COMPONENTS OF A DRAFT RESOLUTION

Preambulatory Clause Operative Clause

Frames the context of a document, Describes the specific actions taken by

thus the reason it is placed at the the resolution. The bulk of your
beginning of your resolution. It calls resolution will be composed of these
upon other international clauses, and should be equally as
treaties/accords/conventions substantial. Each is a verb and should
which have similar ideas and themes, all together read as one very large
or which this resolution builds off of. runon sentence. The goal is to outline
These give the general hopes and all actions from most narrow to most
wishes of a resolution. They move general, and they begin with specific
from most general to most specific, phrases. e.g., accept, calls upon,
and begin with specific phrases. considers, encourages, further
e.g., affirming, expecting, having recommends, supports etc.
examined, fulfilling, convinced,
declaring etc.
 TYPES OF AMENDMENTS‌
Amendments are changes or modifications made to a draft resolution before it is adopted. They allow delegates to refine and improve the draft
to make it more acceptable to the committee. Once an amendment has been submitted to the chair, the sponsors of the resolution will have the
opportunity to ask the delegate if the amendment is friendly or unfriendly.

FRIENDLY AMENDMENT UNFRIENDLY AMENDMENT

A change to the draft resolution that is accepted by all A change that is not accepted by the sponsors of
sponsors and signatories of the resolution. the draft resolution.

How It Works: How It Works:

The amendment is proposed and then automatically If any sponsor objects to the amendment, it
accepted by the sponsors. It does not need a formal becomes unfriendly. The amendment is debated,
vote because all delegates involved in the draft agree and the committee votes on whether to accept or
with the change. Friendly amendments are typically reject it. Unfriendly amendments usually address
minor adjustments, such as rephrasing or adding more significant changes or propose alternative
details solutions that may challenge the resolution’s
original intent.
 TYPES OF AMENDMENTS‌
AMEND ADD STRIKE

Refers to changing the wording or When a delegate proposes to include Involves removing a clause or section
content of an existing clause in the a new clause or section to the draft from the draft resolution. This is
draft resolution. resolution. This change allows for the done when the clause is deemed
This allows delegates to refine the Introduction of additional actions, unnecessary, irrelevant, or
language, clarify its meaning, or policies or solutions that were not counterproductive to the overall goals
adjust the specifics of the proposal to originally considered. of the resolution.
better align with the committee's The added clauses aim to strengthen Striking clauses helps to streamline
objectives. the resolution by addressing new the document, making it more
Amendments can adjust the scope, concerns or providing more detailed focused and precise. This amendment
tone or intent of the clause to make it solutions. is essential for eliminating redundant
more effective or relevant, ensuring This type of amendment is useful or problematic elements that could
that the resolution is clear when there is a need to introduce new weaken the resolution or confuse the
and actionable for all member states. ideas that align with the committee’s committee members.
goals and further enhance the
resolution's impact.
POSITION PAPER INFORMATION‌‌
NEXT 2 SLIDES
 FORMAT‌ Font: Times New Roman
Size: 12
Bibliography: Use URLs only; no
Committee Name: [Insert] Wikipedia/Britannica/News agency links.
Country: [Insert] Watermarks are fine
Delegate Name: [Insert] Ai/Plagiarism: Maximum 5% allowed.
Agenda: [Insert] Word count (excluding bibliography): 600-
800 words
Sections to Include: Use statistics, facts, and quotes to support
1. Introduction to the agenda (global impact your arguments.
and significance). Ensure comprehensive and high-quality
2. Past international/UN actions addressing the research.
agenda. Stick to the format to maintain
3. Effects on your country and measures taken professionalism and clarity.
(national/international).
4. Proposed solutions to resolve the agenda.
5. Bibliography (references/sites used for
research).
GUIDELINES‌
 COUNTRY’S FOREIGN POLICY
Examine Past Actions: Understand your country’s previous

RESEARCH &‌‌ actions on the issue. Has your country supported relevant
international resolutions, participated in treaties, or contributed to global
efforts?

ANALYSIS‌
Current Policy: Research the latest statements, speeches, and
policies issued by your country’s government or representatives
regarding the issue. This will help ensure that your position paper
is aligned with their current diplomatic stance.
Regional and Global Alliances: Be aware of your country’s allies
IN DEPTH RESEARCH and adversaries on the issue. These relationships can shape your
Fact-Based Approach: Start by gathering accurate and country's perspective and policy toward specific solutions.
up- to-date information from reliable sources like
official UN RESOLUTIONS AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
government websites, international organizations (e.g.,
United Nations, World Bank), and reputable news Relevant UN Resolutions: Look for UN resolutions, declarations, or
outlets. conventions that address the issue. Understand your country's voting record
Statistics and Data: Use concrete data to support your on these matters, and how they align with the position you are presenting.
arguments. This can include economic statistics, Past Treaties: Research any past international agreements or treaties
population figures, historical context, or results of related to the issue that your country has signed or ratified. These
previous international resolutions or conferences. documents are important references that support your country’s
International Opinions: Understand the stance of commitment to a particular stance.
other key countries on the issue to better inform your Global Frameworks: Be familiar with international frameworks that your
country’s position and anticipate the debate. This can country supports, such as the Paris Agreement on climate change, the
help in formulating solutions that are both practical Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), or other multilateral agreements.
and widely supported.
THANK YOU!