<br>

REr
EDOX- REACTIONS
REDOX

Red OX
(oxicdation)
(Reducion)

Oxidation No. (oN) oT Oxidation state (os) >

* The Seal
e
virtual chari
us ent on Qn atom Ce
oxidation Nmbe. Tnat it
we always alclate oxsation No pen aom.
AB ON A=t!
L:ENA MENA

* HCI H
No
[Link] oidion
+2 0-2
A
1ENA

rcunte * Same ctcm

-*
+3
A B Co- Bond
<br>

nen nal Re fr calculation oxidotion No

Male

Female -+
metal

on- Metau gun e-

looge
e- Electropositive
Electronsgotive
6-
maleSemimetal

* Metal valnce e L2. 3

* Non Meta val ence e= 4.5,G, 1

Rule No- 1 +
never be
Oxi dation NumbN any meta aays pOsIfi ve

nggtve
rIA-roup -+ V
al ence e
-1, oxid ati on N0 =
+1 lay
m their Compound.
Na= 2, e. 2,

* Na,cog.10H;0

Compound.
oxidation No= t2
m
thar
IA greup Valence e=2,
E
2
-t2
Ca so4•2H,0
1g (oH)>

Rule N6- 2.
* o xid ation No tytrogen may be
For tydrqen (H)

IA MA
H F
<br>

-
NaH N

For ory
3-N=2

Ex> Na,0, cao

O-N -1
.. (0penoxise 1r)
E
Na,
<br>

Supenoxide ( o})• 0-N

KO,

Suboxide
Cgo Canbon Sub ox de.
42 240+2
Sute

Ozonide (0z)- ON= -l3

Ex+ KOg

+|+30

* positve tve) oxidotion No o oxHgen vortth fultoine

OF2

oxide mein N= -2
-
penoxi de 0-N= -1

gub exi de N
-2
<br>

Rule No-5-+
Neutra tom
H)
CI
Na

homo otomic molecule - 0N=0

H2

+0N=0

.
molecule i ZetO
o ny Neut
O
The sxidati on No

Co
NO
CO

H,0
NHa
CçHG

CH,=CH2J but m

f NO D
2e0
Z

Exception- xidatio No No

cornplex Fe (ron) it idation

the
Comslex.
Ting
EX
s Brown
o
(H) t )
t 5(0)+
 s
<br>

Oxidation Norf Cavbon n any Carbo hydrates Zeo:

Metal Cas bong [MeO)]

Conbong! grou
Co Metal=o
fM (co)N
[N (Co4)

t 4(o)

mole cule SUM 0f Boi dorion No i 2e

) m Neutsau

+1+(4)
2 (1) -2)
=2-2

Rule No- G esent on

R Ton d Equ to eharg
* oxidocion No

Co -4 0N= -2
t6 t 42)

NO ON=-1
<br>

Rle No 7
maimum N6: Shoon
Ex> Ru

Xe4 Xp+9
3Et 4(-2) 0

Rule No- 8§ +
Ca cul ati on tmini mun
unimum &
mai mum oicletior

oxidation No No Non- metal

No =
e
Valence eledon
mxu mum Oxi d-

Non- meta

Minimum oxida-NO - (Vawence e - 8)

maX
N

=t4 Ex

C24 E

Min ON= 4-8 -4

max. N
+5 Ex> N,O

,N 2,5 -3
Ex > NH3
mun ON= 5- -3.

co
Cl 2, 8,7
E Hcr
<br>

Ex ceplion -+ o
Ex

,Ex

2.7
F*
H'F

No. of Cenlral atotn m Molecul es,

Calcul ation f oxidaion
-

No Each atom 2s EuoQ

molecule SUM s xidation
o
Netral
Sum of o-Ne ua to pharge present om t
for Ions t

Ha04 Neta PO4

2(+)+ 4(-1) =O
=
t1 +2(4) t4(-2)
2+-=

|=+5|

* HpO4

31)+x+ 44)=o 4-2) = -2

I+ 2l<)+ 12) =0
34-8=0

2- 4

2(41)++
2t x-2
<br>

2
x
4-(-2)
2

* Na [Ag (cN)a)
J
2(-1) =o
t 4-(o)
<br>

+
441)+ G(-): 0
4+-0 )+
Ito+ 2(6)+0+ €2) =0
D-2 =0

* Co (cH,= CH;) (No),] dg

2(+1) +
2() 47E2)=0
t o
+2(0) +2 ) =0
2+2-|=O
Xt0t0 -2=0 2c- 12=0
2X= |2

* H [Ay cl4]
* Kms O4

t1 t *+ 4¢2) =o

o
4-) + G(-2)
2 -2

2(x)+3(-2)= -2 4-2~12= 2

1o4- 25
3=2:5) Avenage oN
<br>

Calculation f oxidahion No în penoude moljecules

penowdemojecute9

penoxide Bond
*

puonide).
* H,(Hydrogeh
H
2(+1)+ 2()=0
Sp3
233

Houf open book strueture.

NQt
Na22
+
2()= o
N-..o-o.
2(+1)
2+2=

42
+2+2C)=0 Bá
22 =0

,
H SOr(Caros Aad)
*
o-2 2(+1) +t 5(-2) =0

No possible
[28) X
2(1)+2(-)+ 3(-2) =0
2t X-2-G =0
<br>

2.8X23

H" Marsha Aod

Butter fy shrure

oxidation tate..
Calculation of Avenage
presert m Diffeurt oxidatton
calculated hen Same tom meecule.
state m a
Such aom
fomula state =
Sum f oxidtion No.
Avenage oxidajon Such atom
Total No. f

C2H4O2

2\3) + 4t) 21-2) =0

H
-3+3
2

0-Mez = 0
Avg
<br>

C3
3()+ 2l-2) -o
33=0
Avg O-N 3=
3
1= |·33

Avao|:32

=
xt44)zt t-2)

Avq. 0-No= -3+5

2

* Caocle (Bleachir
Pout)

le
Ag tlt (-)
 ra hotnhai
<br>

adom
X
Negt ive chere de
& ponitlre chre Certrol atorn ka holn
hai

1!
AvaNE O0-t() -

Na+sN

beyond
2-pud Lecs 2tole

Supenoct
mose 9tble
moe No o Bond &
mTe stae

(Sodibm ttrathionotey
Tetrathionate Ton)
(S4O¢
<br>

3
=533
ofta S33

* Feg04 F0t FeO3 Feogs ofidion Nofe.

l0-75) t)=o
3(«] +
4(-2) =0 6
75X= 2
200
3-8 -0

then chat
-2 respet
-2
+$ -2
AXBC t2, +5,
07e t2, +5,

A (8C4),
Ae(8ca)2

Aa(Bca)2 As(Ba)

342)+ 2(ts)+ -2) 0

()> 2(2) + 2(t5) + 4l-2) =0
4t|0-8 0
|b-l6

=0 3(12) t V
(+S)t 2l)*
( 2(t)t 2ts)+ G)
26-o
22
<br>

(NH, NH) tHgrezion

(M,tH4)-1t mde e

oxidi oing Agond (oridnt), Raaucing Aqunt

(Reductant)
oXidati on tncrease in idatfen o

Reducton. becreace m
xktitn No

oxidatith

taducing
oxdesing

cxIdsing. Agrt

oxidiing Agt qe e acceptor

Ex Aon mat
ls. Halegns - (yeny yod
ovd
Cding Aun
Oxidisin pone
<br>

Reducing Agent+ The Spacies vohieh Teduceses

Teduceses othen but oxidi'so
it self called Raducing Agent

Raduci ng Agens
Ex> Metas
Ni, Pt, Pd etc
IA gru
MIMP
Detemination of oidi sing Agent Roslyerg, A

xdising Ant -
e
atom m
maximum 9xidathon NoNuen loose but
Molecueka ental
t'ne
+6
So behave S.

Keducing Agnd
e
Arem m, nurium oxid No guh
Neven
mole cule ks Cntral but 1oc se e
HT
Se bhqwe as

Noe m
molecwe tral Atom odoiate oxid- No Can loose e-8
accept e
, HNo,
43
H,O2 be have as
xiding ger
&fadei ng
<br>

Note poin

Oxi da si rg powe oxidoion Mo of Central Atom

46
Ex+

O1 Nov 23
Non metal
& oxo Acid
sivength, of oxide of
Acidic
X medal oxide Basic Na,o, Cao
X
Non metad oxide* Aidic
Non metal axo acid
o xjde f
* Aidic sth d oxidation No- of Central
Atom

d EN

Ex*
+2

HO HoBr ) Hof"

7
 Ions
<br>

Naming„
metae Cation
* Namingof ous
• Lo oxidation No-
tHiafen xidation No- ic
f ferOUs
Curous
* Cu fe<
cacubric

cy chlomdu
an ste S Tin ()

Non metuic cation

* Namine ot
¥ Ended with

Ton
NH Anonirn

hydroniim

Car bonum
<br>

NaminaANons
ide
Arüon
yeite
te.

Use of 1de
e-
(Elemente Elementhde.
Element

N= 2,5 N5-8 N3 Nitide.

o6-8 2 oxide

ct chloide
Use
ofite
Ka Anion
Ous Aid
NO, nltte
Nitros
Aad

ote
Ka Anion te
ic Add

HNOg
Nitrte
NiteAid
<br>

[Link]
Coloured Substance bleach colou\ess.

Note pomt
du to xiation
dueto Raduehion
f 8o, i
Bleachg Aion

oxidation &
Reduetion (R
+
an otom
Oxidation The mereaLe
i Caled ox datisn

*Condtion
o
oxid ation.
Addition .°gen*.
oxidaton

oxidatioh

Addition o5 MENA
bdtton
+2 Pbcly
mEN A

Atom
Romova Eletpustive
Sxidation t3
2Ka [e(m)e]+2k01H
kot!
2 k4 [Fe (CN) ) tH,02
(GE)
<br>

( Loss gf Elecdro
A-ne-
Nae

Reduchion called
n oxidation
0xIdaion No at an oton
The Decreasing
m
Reduction
*
Condihi on of Redution:,

ReduetiCn
H
CltH

Riduhon,
4

Renova, t nENA
42
+4 Snc t lz
Snl4
Atern,
Aaition of Ele etro poit;v
t2

F+ 1eP

Bt ne -
 Kedox, Keactio botth
<br>

oxidaon 6 Prcluetien akos

The eaction m Lahich
placd simultante uly
m -
Tres [Link]
Combination Rrh
Redax Pxn.

Decomposition, Rn
Peduehe
+

2H,0
+2 CaOpy t cocq) findl fe aluuien
&
ech
uest oh al m.
Nor oxidatio
NetheN Redeet ion

Displace nent Rxn

oxdatton
Des pleement Rn

Raduction

A
+3
Cr, Og
t 2A|
<br>

mten molecular Redex, Rxn

* whn oxi doion Reduetton tekes plage m Diffet mecule9

Redueton
t3 2

mtramolecLar Redex Rxn

om sile molecule
sihgle gt oxidie &.
ohen dfernt
RasleLa
Rocucton

2KCIos
potasiun cxidtton'
Chtorate
mp
host
Disproportion ahon Rn or Auto Redox Ran

tom & a single molecule gt xidis ee

Radu simutenbusl

Reduion

Reduetioh:
Ex+
NaOHt SH,0 phs t3NatHpog
4+3
oxidatien

Cannizaro's xh
 NEET
<br>

Lohich s§ th talleiy Elemnt boes nel give ipaptionatin

n
Calculation of Equivalent weight of molecule cheica
Rxn
Valence = tota change m oxidatin
Eq. wt = moleclar wt () factor Numben pen molecute
Valence factoY

qan of e p

molccule

tqivatnt st KmnO4

Acidic ielivm,
O Eq: wt
f kmnO4m
GxIatibn No
Ne 5'
chann'm
t2
Mn
Any Acid

= M
E9- wt
Kmnoa/

Ekmno+f Ht 314 b
<br>

mum oxidation No per uye4

Eq: ot m Basic mediom [x mexl
f kmno4
Hclo ponchlorico cid.
A

toh
chause moN Agar mainum
nah
p Haty
KaMn4
Potasiom Any Base potasiom nanet
penmagnt

Ekmno4lo -

medium
ot Kmno4
m
Neutral
E
MnO2
KMne4 t Netral

M
Ekmnoq / Netrol
medeun
33 6
3

Ekmno+Nutd 526
med

Note+
Ayunvedíc Trick for Eq ut KMnO4+

M
3
<br>

Eq: wt of ko Ct, O7»

Eq: wt f KoCT, O7 m
Acidic mediurn
3

chent
Chansey oH
+3
KeCr, O,t H
Cr
2(r

)94 44)

K
S04
CuSO4t 4K! Ca,Izt Izt2

Ecslas
tota chent
+3 -2

Eco4

5X2
chauge n [Link]
Totd
+2 42-5