Service Information System Page 1 of 5
Operación de Sistemas
943 & 953 TRACK-TYPE LOADERS
Número de medio -SENR2077-02 Fecha de publicación -01/07/1983 Fecha de actualización -30/10/2018
SENR20770007
Air Inlet and Exhaust System Systems Operation
Air Inlet And Exhaust System - (Engines With
Turbochargers)
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AIR INLET AND EXHAUST SYSTEM FOR ENGINES WITH A TURBOCHARGER
1. Exhaust manifold. 2. Inlet manifold. 3. Engine cylinder. 4. Turbocharger compressor wheel. 5. Turbocharger turbine
wheel. 6. Air inlet. 7. Exhaust outlet.
The air inlet and exhaust system components are: air cleaner, inlet manifold, cylinder head, valves
and valve system components, exhaust manifold, and turbocharger.
Clean inlet air from the air cleaner is pulled through the air inlet (6) of the turbocharger by the
turning compressor wheel (4). The compressor wheel causes a compression of the air. The air then
goes to the inlet manifold (2) of the engine. When the intake valves open, the air goes into the engine
cylinder (3) and is mixed with the fuel for combustion. When the exhaust valves open, the exhaust
gases go out of the engine cylinder and into the exhaust manifold (1). From the exhaust manifold, the
exhaust gases go through the blades of the turbine wheel (5). This causes the turbine wheel and
compressor wheel to turn. The exhaust gases then go out the exhaust outlet (7) of turbocharger (8).
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Service Information System Page 2 of 5
AIR INLET AND EXHAUST SYSTEM
8. Turbocharger.
Turbocharger
The turbocharger is installed on the exhaust manifold. All the exhaust gases from the engine go
through the turbocharger.
The exhaust gases go through the blades of the turbine wheel (9). This causes the turbine wheel (9)
and compressor wheel (4) to turn which causes a compression of the inlet air.
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TURBOCHARGER (Typical Illustration)
1. Air inlet. 2. Compressor housing. 3. Nut. 4. Compressor wheel. 5. Thrust plate. 6. Center housing. 7. Lubrication inlet
port. 8. Shroud. 9. Turbine wheel and shaft. 10. Turbine housing. 11. Exhaust outlet. 12. Ring. 13. Collar. 14. Seal. 15.
Lubrication outlet port. 16. Ring. 17. Bearing. 18. Ring.
When the load on the engine goes up more fuel is put into the engine. This makes more exhaust
gases and will cause turbine wheel (9) and compressor wheel (4) of the turbocharger to turn faster.
As the turbocharger turns faster, it gives more inlet air and makes it possible for the engine to burn
more fuel and will give the engine more power.
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Service Information System Page 3 of 5
Maximum rpm of the turbocharger is controlled by the rack setting, the high idle speed setting and
the height above sea level at which the engine is operated.
NOTICE
If the high idle rpm or the rack setting is higher than given in the
FUEL SETTING INFORMATION (for the height above sea level at
which the engine is operated), there can be damage to engine or
turbocharger parts. Damage will result when increased heat and/or
friction due to the higher engine output goes beyond the engine cooling
and lubrication systems abilities.
The bearings (17) for the turbocharger use engine oil under pressure for lubrication. The oil comes in
through the oil inlet port (7) and goes through passages in the center section for lubrication of the
bearings (17). Oil from the turbocharger goes out through the oil outlet port (15) in the bottom of the
center section and goes back to the engine lubricating system.
The fuel system adjustment is done at the factory for a specific engine application. The governor
housing and turbocharger are sealed to prevent changes in the adjustment of the rack and the high
idle speed setting.
Air Inlet And Exhaust System - (Engines
Without Turbochargers)
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AIR INLET AND EXHAUST SYSTEM FOR ENGINES WITHOUT A TURBOCHARGER
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Service Information System Page 4 of 5
1. Exhaust manifold. 2. Inlet manifold. 3. Engine cylinder.
The air inlet and exhaust system components are: air cleaner, inlet manifold, cylinder head, valves
and valve system components and exhaust manifold.
When the engine is running each time a piston moves through the inlet stroke, it pulls air into the
cylinder. The air flow is through the air filter, inlet manifold, passages in the cylinder head and past
the open intake valve into the cylinder. Too much restriction in the inlet air system makes the
efficiency of the engine less.
When the engine is running, each time a piston moves through the exhaust stroke, it pushes hot
exhaust gases from the cylinder. The exhaust gas flow is out of the cylinder between the open
exhaust valve and the exhaust valve seat. Then it goes through passages in the cylinder head, through
the exhaust manifold and out through the exhaust pipe. Too much restriction in the exhaust system
makes the efficiency of the engine less.
Valves And Valve System Components
The valve system components control the flow of inlet air into and exhaust gases out of the cylinder
during engine operation.
The crankshaft gear drives the camshaft gear. The camshaft gear must be timed to the crankshaft
gear to get the correct relation between piston and valve movement.
The camshaft has two cams for each cylinder. One cam controls the exhaust valve the other controls
the intake valve.
As the camshaft turns, the lobes of camshaft (6) cause lifters (5) to go up and down. This movement
makes push rods (3) move rocker arms (2). Movement of the rocker arms open and close valves (4)
(intake or exhaust) according to the firing order (injection sequence) of the engine. There is one
intake and one exhaust valve for each cylinder, and one rocker arm for each valve.
Valve springs (1) causes the valves to close when the lifters move down.
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Service Information System Page 5 of 5
VALVE SYSTEM COMPONENTS
1. Valve spring. 2. Rocker arm. 3. Push rod. 4. Valve. 5. Lifter. 6. Camshaft.
Copyright 1993 - 2026 Caterpillar Inc. Tue Jul 21 23:32:39 UTC-0400 2026
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Red privada para licenciados del SIS.
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