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Basic Electric Engineering

Charge (Q) is a fundamental property of matter that causes attraction and repulsion in electric and magnetic fields, measured in Coulombs. It has two types, positive and negative, and follows Coulomb's laws, which describe the forces between charges. Current (I) is the flow of charge through a conductor, with various types including DC and AC, and is influenced by factors such as mobility and conductivity.

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2 views2 pages

Basic Electric Engineering

Charge (Q) is a fundamental property of matter that causes attraction and repulsion in electric and magnetic fields, measured in Coulombs. It has two types, positive and negative, and follows Coulomb's laws, which describe the forces between charges. Current (I) is the flow of charge through a conductor, with various types including DC and AC, and is influenced by factors such as mobility and conductivity.

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godparticle2019
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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 Charge(Q) is the fundamental property of matter that causes it to experience a force

when placed in an electrical or magnetic field.

 S.I unit is Coulomb or [Link] is denoted by Q.

 Charge --> Static(Electric field or Columbs Law) And Moving (Magnetic field).

 It is a imaginary phenomenon by which any substance experience a force of attraction and


repulsion.

 Properties of Charge

1. There are two types of charges + and - .

2. Like charge repel each other and unlike charges attract each other.

3. Charge is conserved - it can neither be created nor destroyed only transferred.

4. Charge is quantized - it exist in discrete packet (in multiple of 1.6 *10^-19 C).

5. Charge is transferred from one object to another.A static charge always produces an electric
fields around it.

6. The force between the charges is governed by Coulomb Laws.

 Note :Charge is time dependent means it varies with time.

 Formula Q= n*e where

e is equal to 1.6 *10^-19 C

n is equal to 6.25*10^18. When n= q/e

 Coulombs’s Laws

1. First law Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other.

2. Second Law F= K(Q1*Q2/d^2)Newton where

K= 1/4πe

E--> Absolute permittivity (Farad/m)

E=Eo*Er where Eo = 8.854*10^ -12 F/m

Er=1[Air ],(Free space) no unit


 Current (I) rate of flow of charge through a conductor is called current.

I = change in charge(q)/ change in time (t)

Ampere = coulomb per second

 Conductor --> occur Drift current due to electric field.

 Semiconductor --> occur Diffusion current due to potential gradient.

 Mobility denotes how fast electron moves.

 Formula μ=drift velocity/Electric field intensity. S.I unit m^2/V-sec.

 I = n*e*A*μ*E

 Higher value of mobility denotes higher conductivity.

 Higher external applied electric field means higher current flow in the conductor.

 Higher applied voltage means higher current flow in a conductor.

 Types of current

1. DC --> Flow due to flow of electron.

2. AC --> Flow due to vibration in electron.

 Current density is a vector quantity. Denoted by J. Formula J=i/A.

 Current passes through an area is called current density.

 Formula J= n*e*μ*E. Unit Ampere /m^2

 Conductivity is the property of the material to provide easy path to the flow of electron.

 Resistivity or Specific resistance is inversely proportional to the conductivity.

 Row , Sigma depend on the type of material.

 Formula R= row* L/A Ω

 Potential is a work done to brimging a unit positive charge from infinite to any point in
electric field.

 Potential V= Work done/Charge

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