UTKAL UNIVERSITY

UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME (NEP-2026)

PRASANNA PURUSHOTTAM DEV MHAVIDYALAYA, TIGIRIA

FIELD WORK

Name of the Student : Swati Parida

College Roll Number : BA-24-048
University Regd No : 2401010420250008
APAAR ID : 214707237090
Subject / Programme : Economics
Semester : 4th Semester
Name of the Mentor : Gulapsha Tabasum
Session : 2025-26
 CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study :-

Women play a vital role in the social, economic, and cultural development of society. In recent years,
the Government of Odisha has introduced several welfare schemes to improve the living standards of
women and promote their financial independence. One such important initiative is the Subhadra
Yojana, launched by the Government of Odisha to empower women through direct financial
assistance and encourage their participation in economic and social activities .The Subhadra Yojana
aims to strengthen women's financial security by providing eligible women with monetary support,
promoting digital financial inclusion, and encouraging savings and responsible financial management.
The scheme primarily benefits women from economically weaker sections, enabling them to meet
household expenses, support children’s education, invest in small businesses, and improve their overall
quality of life. By transferring financial assistance directly to beneficiaries’ bank accounts, the
government also promotes transparency and reduces dependence on intermediaries.

Women in rural areas often face various socio-economic challenges such as unemployment, limited
access to education, lack of financial resources, gender discrimination, and restricted participation in
decision-making. Government welfare schemes like the Subhadra Yojana are designed to address
these issues by providing financial support and increasing women’s confidence and self-reliance.
However, the success of any welfare programme depends not only on its implementation but also on
the level of awareness among the target [Link] plays a crucial role in determining
whether eligible beneficiaries can access the scheme and enjoy its benefits. Many rural women remain
unaware of government programmes due to illiteracy, inadequate communication, lack of digital
literacy, and limited interaction with government officials. Therefore, it is important to study the
extent of awareness regarding the Subhadra Yojana among women and identify the factors that
influence their participation.

The present field study focuses on the Tigiria Block of Cuttack District, a predominantly rural area
where agriculture, daily wage labour, and small-scale occupations are the primary sources of
livelihood. Women in this region contribute significantly to family welfare through household work,
farming, self-help groups (SHGs), and other income-generating activities. Despite their contribution,
many women continue to face financial constraints and limited economic . Subhadra Yojana has the
potential to Improve the socio-economic conditions of women by increasing their purchasing power,
encouraging savings, supporting entrepreneurship, and enhancing their role in family decision-
making. Studying its impact in Tigiria Block helps assess whether the scheme is achieving its intended
objectives at the grassroots level. field study also examines the awareness level of beneficiaries, the
sources of information through which they learned about the scheme, the difficulties faced during
registration and benefit receipt, and the overall socio-economic changes experienced after receiving
financial assistance. The findings of the study will provide useful insights into the effectiveness of the
scheme and suggest measures for improving its implementation.
Thus, this study is significant because it evaluates both the awareness and socio-economic impact of
the Subhadra Yojana among rural women and contributes to understanding the role of government
welfare programmes in promoting women’s empowerment and inclusive development.

1.2 Purpose of Field Work:-

Community engagement and field work are essential components of academic learning because they
provide students with practical exposure to real-life situations. Classroom learning offers theoretical
knowledge, whereas field studies enable students to understand how government policies and
development programmes function at the community level. primary purpose of this field study was to
Interact directly with women beneficiaries of the Subhadra Yojana in Tigiria Block and assess their
awareness, participation, and experiences regarding the scheme. Through personal interviews,
discussions, and observation, the study collected first-hand information about the implementation and
effectiveness of the programme.

The field work aimed to bridge the gap between theory and practice by helping students understand
rural development, public welfare administration, and women’s empowerment. It also provided an
opportunity to observe the socio-economic conditions of rural households and identify the challenges
faced by women in accessing government .Another important purpose of the internship was to develop
research skills such as questionnaire preparation, data collection, communication, observation, data
analysis, and report writing. Interaction with local communities improved interpersonal skills,
problem-solving abilities, and understanding of social realities. study also intended to examine
whether government awareness campaigns have been successful in reaching rural women. It identified
the major sources of information about the scheme, such as Anganwadi workers, Panchayat officials,
Self-Help Groups (SHGs), banks, social media, and local community members.

Furthermore, the field work sought to understand the socio-economic changes brought about by the
scheme. These changes include increased financial independence, improved household expenditure,
better educational support for children, enhanced healthcare spending, promotion of savings, and
greater participation of women in family [Link] Internship encouraged students to
appreciate the importance of inclusive governance, public participation, and effective implementation
of welfare schemes. It also helped identify practical challenges such as documentation issues, digital
literacy barriers, delays in benefit transfer, and lack of awareness among eligible women., the purpose
of this community engagement was not only to fulfil academic requirements but also to understand the
real impact of public welfare programmes on rural communities and recommend ways to improve
their effectiveness for sustainable women’s development.

1.3 Objectives of the Study :-

The present study was conducted with the following objectives:

1. Women play a vital role in the social, economic, and cultural development of society. In recent
years, the Government of Odisha has introduced several welfare schemes to improve the living
standards of women and promote their financial independence. One such important initiative is
the Subhadra yojna, launched by the Government of Odisha to empower women through
direct financial assistance and encourage their participation in economic and social activities .

2. The Subhadra Yojana aims to strengthen women's financial security by providing eligible
women with monetary support, promoting digital financial inclusion, and encouraging savings
and responsible financial management. The scheme primarily benefits women from
economically weaker sections, enabling them to meet household expenses, support children’s
education, invest in small businesses, and improve their overall quality of life. By transferring
financial assistance directly to beneficiaries’ bank accounts, the government also promotes
transparency and reduces dependence on intermediaries.

3. Women in rural areas often face various socio-economic challenges such as unemployment,
limited access to education, lack of financial resources, gender discrimination, and restricted
participation in decision-making. Government welfare schemes like the Subhadra Yojana are
designed to address these issues by providing financial support and increasing women’s
confidence and self-reliance. However, the success of any welfare programme depends not only
on its implementation but also on the level of awareness among the target population.

4. Awareness plays a crucial role in determining whether eligible beneficiaries can access the
scheme and enjoy its benefits. Many rural women remain unaware of government programmes
due to illiteracy, inadequate communication, lack of digital literacy, and limited interaction
with government officials. Therefore, it is important to study the extent of awareness regarding
the Subhadra Yojana among women and identify the factors that influence their participation.

5. The present field study focuses on the Tigiria Block of Cuttack District, a predominantly rural
area where agriculture, daily wage labour, and small-scale occupations are the primary sources
of livelihood. Women in this region contribute significantly to family welfare through
household work, farming, self-help groups (SHGs), and other income-generating activities.
Despite their contribution, many women continue to face financial constraints and limited
economic opportunities.

6. The Subhadra Yojana has the potential to Improve the socio-economic conditions of women by
increasing their purchasing power, encouraging savings, supporting entrepreneurship, and
enhancing their role in family decision-making. Studying its impact in Tigiria Block helps
assess whether the scheme is achieving its intended objectives at the grassroots level.

7. This field study also examines the awareness level of beneficiaries, the sources of information
through which they learned about the scheme, the difficulties faced during registration and
benefit receipt, and the overall socio-economic changes experienced after receiving financial
 assistance. The findings of the study will provide useful insights into the effectiveness of the
scheme and suggest measures for improving its implementation.
8. Thus, this study is significant because it evaluates both the awareness and socio-economic
impact of the Subhadra Yojana among rural women and contributes to understanding the role
of government welfare programmes in promoting women’s empowerment and inclusive
development.

9. assess the level of awareness about the Subhadra Yojana among women in Tigiria Block of
Cuttack District.

10. To identify the major sources through which women obtained information regarding the
scheme.

11. To examine the eligibility, registration process, and accessibility of the Subhadra Yojana.

12. To study the socio-economic impact of the scheme on women beneficiaries.

13. To analyse how the financial assistance has influenced household expenditure, savings,
education, healthcare, and income-generating activities.

14. To evaluate the role of Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Panchayat Raj Institutions, Anganwadi
workers, and government officials in creating awareness and facilitating implementation.

15. To identify the challenges and difficulties faced by women during registration, verification,
banking procedures, and receipt of benefits.

16. To understand whether the scheme has contributed to women’s financial independence,
confidence, and participation in household decision-making.

17. To collect suggestions from beneficiaries for improving the implementation and effectiveness of
the Subhadra Yojana.

18. To provide recommendations that can help policymakers and administrators enhance
awareness, accessibility, and socio-economic benefits of the scheme for rural women.
 CHAPTER 2: PROFILE OF THE AREA
2.1 Details of the Village Area:-

The field study was conducted in Tigiria Block of Cuttack District, Odisha, to understand the
awareness and socio-economic impact of Subhadra Yojana among women beneficiaries. Tigiria Block
is one of the administrative blocks under Cuttack district and consists of several Gram Panchayats
and villages. Agriculture is the primary occupation of most households, while many families also
depend on daily wage labour, small businesses, livestock rearing, and government welfare schemes for
their livelihood.

The population of the area mainly ” of rural families belonging to different social and economic
backgrounds. Women play an important role in agriculture, household management, and Self-Help
Groups (SHGs). However, many women still face challenges such as limited employment
opportunities, financial dependence, lack of awareness regarding government schemes, and restricted
access to education and [Link] Government of Odisha has Introduced several welfare
programmes to improve the living conditions of women, among which Subhadra Yojana is one of the
most significant. The scheme aims to provide financial assistance to eligible women, enabling them to
become economically independent and improve their quality of life. During the field study,
information was collected from women beneficiaries, local officials, and community members
regarding the implementation and benefits of the scheme

The selected villages under Tigiri” Block were found to have active participation of women in various
government programmes. Many women are members of Mission Shakti Self-Help Groups, which
encourage savings, entrepreneurship, and community participation. These organizations also help
spread awareness about government welfare schemes, including Subhadra [Link] socio-economic
condition of the villages is gradually improving due to better road connectivity, electricity, educational
institutions, health centres, banking facilities, and digital services. However, problems such as
unemployment, irregular income, migration, and inadequate awareness about welfare schemes still
exist. Therefore, studying the impact of Subhadra Yojana in this area is important for understanding
how government assistance contributes to women’s empowerment and rural development.

2.2 Location and General Information:-

Tigiria Block is situated in the Cuttack District of Odisha. It is surrounded by green forests,
agricultural fields, rivers, and small hills, making it a predominantly rural region. The block is well
connected by roads to nearby towns and Cuttack city, although transportation facilities vary across
[Link] climate of Tigiria is tropical, with three main seasons—summer, monsoon, and winter.
Agriculture depends mainly on monsoon rainfall. Paddy is the major crop cultivated by farmers, while
vegetables, pulses, and oilseeds are also growth families own small agricultural landholdings, whereas
landless labourers depend on agricultural wages and government employment programmes.

Educational facilities include government primary schools, upper primary schools, high schools, and
colleges in nearby towns. Health services are provided through Primary Health Centres (PHCs),
Community Health Centres (CHCs), Anganwadi Centres, and ASHA workers, who play an important
role in maternal and child .The people of Tigiria mainly speak and the culture reflects traditional
customs, festivals, and social values. Festivals like Raja, Kumar Purnima, Makar Sankranti, and
Purnima are celebrated with enthusiasm. Community participation is strong, and villagers often
cooperate in social, cultural, and developmental activities.

Government offices such as the Block Development Office (BDO), Panchayat Office, Agriculture
Office, and Women & Child Development Department work together to implement various welfare
programmes. Banking services, Common Service Centres (CSCs), and digital payment systems have
also improved access to government benefits. recent years, the Government of Odisha has focused on
strengthening women’s empowerment through schemes like Mission Shakti and Subhadra Yojana.
These initiatives encourage financial inclusion, improve household income, and increase women’s
participation in decision-making processes.

2.3 Nature of Activities/Services:-

The field study focused on examining the implementation, awareness, and socio-economic impact of
Subhadra Yojana among women in Tigiria Block. The activities carried out during the study included
collecting information from beneficiaries, interacting with local officials, observing community
conditions, and analysing the effectiveness of the scheme.

 The major activities undertaken during the field work included:

 Visiting selected villages and interacting with women beneficiaries.

 Conducting interviews using structured questionnaires.

 Collecting information regarding awareness of Subhadra Yojana.

 Studying the process of registration, eligibility, and benefit distribution.

 Observing how financial assistance is utilized by beneficiaries.

 Discussing implementation challenges with local officials and community leaders.

  Recording the socio-economic changes experienced by women after receiving benefits.

Analysing the role of Self-Help Groups in spreading awareness about the scheme.
The study revealed that many women had become more financially confident after receiving assistance
under the scheme. Some beneficiaries used the financial support for household expenses, children’s
education, healthcare, small business activities, or savings. The scheme also encouraged women to
participate more actively in family decision-making and community development [Link]
financial assistance, awareness programmes conducted by Panchayat officials, Anganwadi workers,
ASHA workers, and Mission Shakti groups played a significant role in informing eligible women
about the scheme. These community-based efforts increased participation and helped beneficiaries
complete registration and documentation.

However, the study also identified certain challenges such as limited awareness in remote villages,
delays in document verification, digital literacy issues, and difficulties faced by some women in
completing online registration procedures. Despite these challenges, the overall response towards
Subhadra Yojana was positive, and beneficiaries appreciated the support provided by the
[Link], Tigiria Block provides a suitable setting for studying the impact of Subhadra
Yojana because it represents a typical rural area where government welfare programmes directly
influence the lives of women. The findings of this field study indicate that the scheme has contributed
to improving financial security, promoting women’s empowerment, and supporting inclusive rural
development.
 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY / WORK PLAN
3.1 Approach adopted by the students :-

Field Study on the Awareness and Socio-Economic Impact of Subhadra Yojana among Women in
Tigiria Block, Cuttack District.
The success of any field study depends on a well-planned methodology. Methodology refers to the
systematic process adopted by the researcher to collect, and interpret data. In this field study, a
scientific and practical approach was followed to understand the level of awareness and socio-
economic impact of the Subhadra Yojana among women in Tigiria Block of Cuttack district. The
methodology was designed to ensure that the information collected was reliable, accurate, and useful
for achieving the objectives of the study. The work plan included the selection of the study area,
identification of respondents, preparation of survey tools, collection of primary and secondary data,
interaction with beneficiaries, and analysis of findings.

The student adopted a community-based participatory approach to conduct the field study. This
approach involved direct interaction with women beneficiaries, local government officials, Anganwadi
workers, Self-Help Group (SHG) members, and other stakeholders associated with the
implementation of the Subhadra Yojana. The participatory approach helped the student understand
the real-life experiences, opinions, and challenges faced by the beneficiaries, the student visited Tigiria
Block and familiarized themselves with the socio-economic conditions of the villages. Permission was
obtained from the local authorities to conduct the survey. The student explained the purpose of the
study to the respondents and assured them that the information collected would be used only for
academic purposes. This helped in building trust and encouraged the respondents to provide honest
and meaningful responses.

The study mainly focused on women beneficiaries belonging to different age groups, educational
backgrounds, occupations, and income levels. Special attention was given to ensuring diversity in the
sample so that the findings could represent different sections of the community. The student
maintained neutrality throughout the study and avoided influencing the responses of the methodology
combined both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Quantitative data were collected through
structured questionnaires, while qualitative information was gathered through personal interviews,
discussions, and observations. This mixed-method approach provided a comprehensive understanding
of the awareness level and socio-economic impact of the scheme.
3.2Tools and Techniques Used:-

Several research tools and techniques were used to collect accurate and meaningful information
during the field study.
1. Survey Method
The survey method was the primary tool used in this study. A structured questionnaire containing
both closed-ended and open-ended questions was prepared. The questionnaire included questions
related to the awareness of the Subhadra Yojana, eligibility criteria, registration process, benefits
received, satisfaction level, and the impact of the scheme on the economic and social lives of women.
The survey enabled the student to collect standardized information from a large number of
respondents.
2. Observation Method
Observation played an important role in understanding the actual conditions of the beneficiaries.
During field visits, the student observed the living conditions of the respondents, their participation in
community activities, and their interaction with local institutions. Observation also helped verify the
information provided during interviews and identify practical issues related to the implementation of
the scheme.
3. Personal Interviews
Face-to-face interviews were conducted with women beneficiaries, village leaders, Anganwadi
workers, SHG members, and local officials. These interviews provided detailed insights into the
awareness, experiences, and opinions of the respondents regarding the scheme. The interviews also
helped identify the difficulties faced during registration, fund transfer, and utilization of financial
assistance.
4. Group Interaction
Group discussions with women Self-Help Groups and community members were organized to
understand the collective perception of the scheme. Group interaction encouraged participants to
share their experiences openly and helped identify common challenges and suggestions for improving
the programme.
5. Secondary Data Collection
Secondary data were collected from government reports, official guidelines, newspapers, journals,
websites, and published articles related to the Subhadra Yojana. These sources provided background
information about the objectives, implementation strategy, eligibility criteria, and expected outcomes
of the scheme.

3.3 Planning and Execution of Activities:-

The field study was carried out in a systematic and planned manner to ensure the smooth completion
of all activities. first stage involved selecting Tigiria Block as the study area after considering its
relevance to the objectives of the research. A detailed review of available literature and government
documents was conducted to gain an understanding of the Subhadra Yojana and its implementation.
The second stage involved preparing the research tools, including questionnaires and interview
schedules. The questions were designed in simple language so that respondents could easily
understand them. A pilot survey was conducted with a small number of respondents to test the
effectiveness of the questionnaire. Based on their feedback, necessary modifications were made. third
stage involved identifying the sample respondents. Women beneficiaries from different villages were
selected using a convenient and representative sampling method. Care was taken to include
respondents from different socio-economic backgrounds to ensure balanced [Link] fourth stage
involved conducting the field survey. The student visited the selected villages, met the respondents
personally, and collected primary data through interviews and questionnaires. During each visit, the
student observed the local environment and interacted with community members to understand the
practical aspects of the scheme.

The fifth stage involved organizing the collected information. The responses were carefully checked,
classified, and tabulated. Quantitative data were presented in tables and charts wherever necessary,
while qualitative information was summarized and interpreted based on common themes. final stage
involved the findings and preparing the report. The collected data were compared with the objectives
of the study to evaluate the awareness level and socio-economic impact of the Subhadra Yojana.
Conclusions were drawn based on the evidence collected during the field study, and practical
suggestions were provided to improve the implementation and effectiveness of the scheme.

The methodology adopted for this field study ensured systematic data collection, objective analysis,
and reliable findings. By using surveys, observation, interviews, group discussions, and secondary
data, the study captured both statistical information and personal experiences of women beneficiaries.
Careful planning and proper execution of each activity helped achieve the objectives of the research
successfully. The methodology not only provided valuable insights into the awareness and socio-
economic impact of the Subhadra Yojana but also enhanced the student's practical knowledge,
communication skills, and understanding of community-based research. This chapter forms the
foundation for interpreting the findings and recommendations presented in the subsequent chapters of
the report.
 CHAPTER 4: WORK DONE / ACTIVITIES PERFORMED
4.1Detailed Description of Activities Undertaken:-

The field study on the Awareness and Socio-Economic Impact of Subhadra Yojana among Women in
Tigiria Block, Cuttack District provided an opportunity to understand the implementation and
benefits of the scheme at the grassroots level. During the field work, various activities were carried out
systematically to collect reliable information and observe the real-life impact of the scheme on women
beneficiaries. The activities included planning, data collection, interaction with beneficiaries,
observation, documentation, and analysis. first activity involved preparing for the field visit. Before
entering the study area, the objectives of the survey were clearly understood. A structured
questionnaire was prepared to collect information from women regarding their awareness of
Subhadra Yojana, eligibility criteria, registration process, financial assistance received, and the impact
of the scheme on their economic and social lives. Necessary permissions and guidance were obtained
from local authorities and community leaders to ensure smooth conduct of the survey.

After reaching Tigiria Block, the researcher visited different villages selected for the study. The
purpose of the visit was explained to the villagers and beneficiaries. Building trust and maintaining
friendly communication with the respondents was an important part of the field work. The
participants were assured that the information collected would be used only for educational and
research purposes. This approach encouraged women to share their opinions and experiences openly.
of the major activities undertaken was conducting interviews with women beneficiaries. Personal
interviews helped in gathering first-hand information about the level of awareness regarding
Subhadra Yojana. Questions were asked about how they came to know about the scheme, whether
they received assistance during registration, and how the financial support affected their daily lives.
The responses provided valuable insights into the effectiveness of awareness campaigns and
government initiatives.

Observation was another important activity performed during the field study. The researcher
observed the living conditions of the beneficiaries, their occupations, family environment, and
participation in social and economic activities. These observations helped in understanding the actual
impact of the scheme beyond the information collected through interviews. It was found that many
women had become more financially confident and actively participated in household decision-making
after receiving the benefits. Interaction with local officials, Anganwadi workers, ASHA workers, and
Panchayat representatives was also an important part of the field work. These stakeholders provided
useful information about the implementation process, beneficiary selection, awareness programmes,
and challenges faced during execution. Their views helped in understanding the administrative aspects
of Subhadra Yojana and the efforts made by the government to ensure successful implementation.

The researcher also participated in community discussions where women shared their experiences
regarding the scheme. Some beneficiaries expressed satisfaction with the financial support received,
while others highlighted issues such as delays in registration, lack of information, and technical
problems during online application. Such discussions provided a broader understanding of the
strengths and weaknesses of the scheme. collected data were carefully recorded in survey forms and
field notes. Information was verified to avoid errors and maintain accuracy. Photographs of field
activities and observations were taken wherever permitted. Proper documentation ensured that all
findings could be effectively during report preparation.

4.2Day-wise Work undertaken :-

Day 1:
Visited Tigiria Block and selected villages. Met local authorities and community leaders. Explained the
objectives of the study and finalized the survey plan.
Day 2:
Conducted household visits and interviewed women beneficiaries using the prepared questionnaire.
Collected demographic information and details about awareness of Subhadra Yojana.
Day 3:
Observed the socio-economic conditions of beneficiaries. Interacted with Anganwadi workers,
Panchayat members, and local officials regarding the implementation of the scheme.
Day 4:
Organized informal group discussions with women beneficiaries. Recorded their opinions,
experiences, and suggestions regarding the scheme.
Day 5:
Verified collected data, completed pending interviews, organized field notes, and thanked the
participants and local authorities for their cooperation.
4.3Participation and Involvement:-

The field study required active participation throughout the research process. The researcher
personally interacted with beneficiaries, conducted interviews, observed field conditions, and
maintained records of all activities. Participation in community discussions improved communication
skills and helped in understanding the problems faced by rural women. researcher worked
responsibly, maintained ethical standards, respected the privacy of respondents, and ensured that all
information was collected with their consent. The experience also enhanced skills in survey methods,
data collection, observation, report writing, teamwork, and problem-solving.
Overall, the activities performed during the field study contributed significantly to achieving the
objectives of the research. The study revealed that Subhadra Yojana has positively influenced the
socio-economic condition of many women by providing financial support, promoting self-confidence,
and encouraging greater participation in family and community affairs. At the same time, it
highlighted the need for continuous awareness campaigns, better digital support, and effective
monitoring to ensure that every eligible woman benefits from the scheme. The field work was a
valuable learning experience that strengthened the researcher's practical knowledge of community
engagement, government welfare programmes, and rural development.

CHAPTER 5: OBSERVATIONS AND FINDINGS/ LEARNING

OUTCOMES
5.1 Key Observations During the Work:-

(Field Study on the Awareness and Socio-Economic Impact of Subhadra Yojana among Women in
Tigiria Block, Cuttack District)During the field study conducted in Tigiria Block of Cuttack district,
several important observations were made regarding the awareness, implementation, and socio-
economic impact of the Subhadra Yojana among women. The study involved direct interaction with
beneficiaries, local government officials, Self-Help Group (SHG) members, Anganwadi workers, and
other community members. These interactions provided valuable insights into the functioning and
effectiveness of the scheme.

It was observed that the majority of women had heard about the Subhadra Yojana through
government awareness campaigns, Gram Panchayat meetings, Self-Help Groups, social media, and
word of mouth. Women who were actively associated with SHGs possessed better knowledge about the
scheme than those who were not members. Many respondents appreciated the government’s initiative
to provide financial support directly to women through bank accounts, as it enhanced transparency
and reduced dependency on [Link] important observation was that women showed
great enthusiasm towards the scheme because they believed it would improve their financial security
and social status. Many beneficiaries expressed satisfaction with the financial assistance, stating that it
helped them manage household expenses, children’s education, healthcare costs, and emergency needs.
Some women also utilized the financial assistance to start small businesses such as tailoring, poultry
farming, vegetable cultivation, grocery shops, and handicrafts.

However, certain challenges were also noticed during the study. Some eligible women had not yet
received benefits due to incomplete documentation, Aadhaar-bank account linkage issues, or technical
problems during online registration. Elderly women and those with limited education faced difficulties
in understanding digital procedures and often depended on Common Service Centres (CSCs) or
family members for assistance. In a few villages, internet connectivity and lack of digital awareness
delayed the application [Link] field observation also revealed that Panchayat officials,
Anganwadi workers, and ASHA workers played a significant role in spreading awareness and helping
beneficiaries complete the registration process. Their contribution was essential in ensuring that
information reached rural households.

5.2 Data Collected and Analysis:-

The study was based on primary data collected from women beneficiaries through structured
questionnaires, interviews, personal observation, and informal discussions. Secondary information
was collected from government reports, official websites, newspapers, and related literature.
The collected data indicated that most respondents belonged to economically weaker sections of
society. A significant proportion of the women were homemakers, daily wage labourers, agricultural
workers, or members of Self-Help Groups. Most households depended on agriculture or casual labour
as their primary source of income.
Analysis of the responses revealed that awareness regarding the objectives of the Subhadra Yojana
was generally satisfactory, although knowledge about eligibility conditions and application procedures
varied among respondents. Women with higher education levels or SHG membership demonstrated
better awareness compared to others.
The survey also found that the majority of beneficiaries had successfully received financial assistance
through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT). Most respondents stated that the amount received was
primarily spent on household necessities, children’s education, healthcare, repayment of debts,
savings, and small business activities. This indicates that the scheme contributed positively to
improving household financial management.
The data further showed that many women experienced increased confidence and financial
independence after becoming beneficiaries. They felt more empowered to participate in family
decisions and community activities. Several respondents mentioned that receiving money in their own
bank accounts enhanced their dignity and reduced financial dependence on male family members.
Despite these positive outcomes, the analysis identified certain implementation challenges. Some
beneficiaries reported delays in fund transfer due to technical errors, banking issues, or incomplete
verification. Lack of digital literacy among rural women also emerged as a major obstacle. In remote
villages, inadequate internet connectivity and shortage of digital service centres further complicated
the registration process.
Overall, the data analysis indicates that the Subhadra Yojana has had a positive socio-economic
impact on women in Tigiria Block. While certain administrative and technical challenges remain, the
scheme has successfully improved financial inclusion, economic security, and women’s participation in
household decision-making.

5.3 Learning Outcomes:-

The field study provided valuable practical learning experiences beyond classroom education. It
enabled the researcher to understand the actual implementation of a government welfare scheme at
the grassroots level and the challenges faced during its [Link] of the most significant learning
outcomes was the development of communication and interpersonal skills. Interacting with women
from different social, educational, and economic backgrounds improved confidence in conducting
interviews and collecting reliable information. The study also enhanced listening skills, patience, and
the ability to understand community [Link] researcher gained practical knowledge of survey
techniques, questionnaire design, data collection methods, observation techniques, data analysis, and
report writing. It became clear that primary data collection requires careful planning, ethical
behaviour, and respectful communication with respondents.

Another important learning outcome was understanding the role of local governance institutions such
as Gram Panchayats, Self-Help Groups, Anganwadi Centres, and government officials in
implementing welfare schemes. Their coordination and active participation are essential for the
successful execution of public welfare [Link] study also highlighted the importance of
digital literacy in accessing government services. It demonstrated that improving digital awareness
among rural women can increase the effectiveness of welfare schemes and reduce implementation
[Link], the fieldwork strengthened problem-solving abilities, teamwork, leadership
qualities, time management, and decision-making skills. It helped bridge the gap between theoretical
knowledge and practical application by providing firsthand exposure to rural development
programmes.

The research experience also increased awareness about women’s empowerment, financial inclusion,
social justice, and inclusive development. It reinforced the understanding that economic assistance
alone is not sufficient unless accompanied by proper awareness, education, digital access, and effective
[Link] observations and findings clearly indicate that the Subhadra Yojana has made a
meaningful contribution to improving the socio-economic condition of women in Tigiria Block,
Cuttack district. The scheme has enhanced financial security, promoted women’s empowerment, and
encouraged greater participation in family and community decision-making. Although challenges such
as digital illiteracy, documentation issues, and technical delays still exist, the overall impact of the
programme is positive. The field study provided valuable academic knowledge and practical
experience, helping the researcher understand the importance of effective implementation of
government welfare schemes for achieving inclusive and sustainable rural development.