Class 6
Topic :
Being Scientific*
*Q1. WHAT IS SCIENCE?*
ANS: SCIENCE IS THE STUDY OF NATURE.
- SCIENCE IS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN WORD “SCIENTIA” WHICH MEANS “KNOWLEDGE”.
- IIT HELPS US TO UNDERSTAND OUR SURROUNDINGS.
*Q2. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING.*
1. A SCIENTIST WHO STUDIES ABOUT LIVING THINGS IS CALLED A *BIOLOGIST*.
2. A SCIENTIST WHO STUDIES ABOUT NON-LIVING THINGS IS CALLED A *PHYSICIST*.
3. A SCIENTIST WHO STUDIES ABOUT THE MATERIALS IS CALLED A *CHEMIST*.
4. *GEOLOGIST* LOOKS AT WHAT PLANET EARTH IS MADE OF.
5. *ASTRONOMERS* STUDY THE STARS AND PLANETS.
*Q3. WE OBSERVE WITH THE HELP OF FIVE SENSES. NAME THEM.*
ANS:
1. SENSE OF SIGHT (WE SEE WITH OUR EYES)
2. SENSE OF HEARING (WE CAN HEAR WITH OUR EARS)
3. SENSE OF TASTE (WE CAN TASTE WITH OUR TONGUE)
4. SENSE OF SMELL (WE CAN SMELL WITH OUR NOSE)
5. SENSE OF TOUCH (WE CAN FEEL WITH OUR SKIN)
*Q4. NAME SOME BRANCHES OF SCIENCE.*
ANS:
*BIOLOGY*: IT IS THE STUDY OF LIVING THINGS.
*PHYSICS*: IT IS THE STUDY OF NON-LIVING THINGS, MATTER, ENERGY, AND FORCE.
*CHEMISTRY*: IT IS THE STUDY OF MATERIALS AND THEIR BEHAVIOUR.
*GEOLOGY*: IT IS THE STUDY ABOUT PLANET EARTH.
*ASTRONOMY*: IT IS THE STUDY ABOUT SPACE.
*Q5. WHAT ARE THE BASIC STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION?*
ANS: WHEN SCIENTISTS OBSERVE SOMETHING THEY DO NOT UNDERSTAND, THEY CARRY OUT
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION TO FIND OUT THE TRUTH.
IN GENERAL, A SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING BASIC STEPS:
I. OBSERVATIONS
II. INFERENCE
III. PREDICTION
IV. HYPOTHESIS
V. EXPERIMENT
VI. ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION
*Q6. WHAT VARIABLE CAN AFFECT THE TASTE OF A SOFT DRINK?*
ANS:
VARIABLE 1: SWEETENER
VARIABLE 2: FLAVOUR
VARIABLE 3: AMOUNT OF CARBON DIOXIDE
*Q7. WHAT VARIABLES CAN AFFECT THE NUMBER OF FISH IN A LAKE?*
ANS:
VARIABLE 1: POLLUTION
VARIABLE 2: AMOUNT OF SALT
VARIABLE 3: AMOUNT OF OXYGEN
*Q8. WRITE SOME LABORATORY SAFETY RULES?*
ANS:
1. WEAR SAFETY GOGGLES.
2. WEAR LAB COATS.
3. WEAR GLOVES WHEN NECESSARY.
4. DON’T EAT OR DRINK IN THE LAB.
5. CLEAN UP YOUR WORK PLACE.
6. USE ALL THE EQUIPMENT PROPERLY.
7. WASH YOUR HANDS AFTER THE EXPERIMENT.
: *SCIENCE NOTES –
UNIT : 1 CELLULAR ORGANIZATION *
*CLASS : 6*
*Q1. WHAT IS A CELL?*
ANS: THE BASIC STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF LIFE IS CALLED A CELL.
EXAMPLE: LEAF CELLS, RED BLOOD CELLS.
*Q2. HOW CELLS CAN BE SEEN?*
ANS: CELLS ARE VERY SMALL. THEY CAN ONLY BE SEEN USING A MICROSCOPE WHICH
PRODUCES A MAGNIFIED IMAGE.
*Q3. WHAT ARE MAIN PARTS OF PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL?*
ANS:
1. *CELL WALL*: GIVES THE SHAPE TO THE PLANT CELL. PRESENT ONLY IN PLANT CELLS.
2. *CELL MEMBRANE*: IT CONTROLS WHAT GOES IN AND OUT OF CELL. PRESENT IN BOTH
PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS.
3. *CYTOPLASM*: IT IS A JELLY-LIKE SUBSTANCE WHICH MAKES UP MOST OF THE CELL IN
BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS. IT CONTAINS A NUMBER OF SMALL STRUCTURES
CALLED ORGANELLES.
4. *CHLOROPLAST*: IT CONTAINS GREEN PIGMENT CALLED CHLOROPHYLL WHICH IS USED
IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. IT IS ONLY PRESENT IN PLANT CELLS.
5. *NUCLEUS*: IT IS THE CONTROL CENTER OF CELL. PRESENT IN BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL
CELLS.
6. *MITOCHONDRIA*: POWER HOUSE OF THE CELLS, GIVES ENERGY TO CELL. PRESENT IN
BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS.
*Q4. DRAW A LABELLED STRUCTURE OF AN ANIMAL CELL.*
PAGE : 13
Q5. DRAW A LABELLED STRUCTURE OF A PLANT CELL.
PAGE : 13
*Q6. WRITE DOWN THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL
CELL.*
*Q7. WHAT ARE UNICELLULAR AND MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS?*
ANS:
*UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS*: ORGANISMS WHICH ARE MADE UP OF A SINGLE CELL ARE CALLED
UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS.
EXAMPLE: BACTERIA, AMOEBA, VIRUS
*MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS*: ORGANISMS WHICH ARE MADE UP OF A LARGE NUMBER OF
CELLS ARE CALLED MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS.
EXAMPLE: ANIMALS, PLANTS, HUMANS
*Q8. WHAT IS A TISSUE?*
ANS: A TISSUE IS A COLLECTION OF SIMILAR CELLS THAT WORK TOGETHER ON A SPECIFIC
TASK.
EXAMPLE: NERVE TISSUE, MUSCLE TISSUE
*Q9. WHAT ARE DIFFERENT ANIMAL TISSUES?*
ANS: THE FOUR MAIN ANIMAL TISSUES ARE:
1. CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE
2. NERVES TISSUE
3. SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE:
4. SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE
*Q10. WHAT ARE DIFFERENT PLANT TISSUES?*
ANS: THE MAIN PLANT TISSUES ARE:
LEAF, STEM, AND ROOT .
*Q11. WHAT IS AN ORGAN? NAME DIFFERENT ORGANS IN HUMAN BODY.*
ANS: AN ORGAN IS A COLLECTION OF TWO OR MORE TISSUES ORGANIZED TO CARRY OUT A
PARTICULAR FUNCTION.
MAJOR ORGANS IN HUMAN BODY ARE: LIVER, LUNGS, STOMACH, HEART, BRAIN, KIDNEY,
INTESTINE
*Q12. WHAT ARE THE MAIN ORGANS OF FLOWERING PLANTS?*
ANS: THE MAIN ORGANS OF FLOWERING PLANTS ARE:
1. STEMS
2. LEAVES
3. FLOWERS
4. FRUITS
5. SEEDS
6. ROOTS
*Q13. WRITE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A TISSUE AND ORGAN.*
ANS:
TISSUE
1. IT IS A COLLECTION OF SIMILAR CELLS THAT WORK TOGETHER ON A SPECIFIC TASK.
EXAMPLE: NERVOUS TISSUE .
2. MAJOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENT OF AN ORGAN.
3. USUALLY CARRIES OUT A SPECIFIC FUNCTION.
ORGAN.
1- An Organ is a collection of two or more tissues organized to carry out a particular
two or more tissues organized to carry out a particular function, like heart
2- Major functional component of an organ system.
3- Organs can perform various body functions.
*Q 14 SHORT ANSWERS .
Q1. NAME THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPECIALIZED CELLS.*
ANS:
1. BONE CELLS
2. RED BLOOD CELLS
3. NERVE CELLS
*Q2. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF CELL MEMBRANE?*
ANS: CELL MEMBRANE CONTROLS WHAT GOES IN AND OUT OF CELL.
*Q3. WHAT IS THE NAME OF GREEN COLOUR PIGMENT INSIDE CHLOROPLAST?*
ANS: CHLOROPHYLL IS THE GREEN COLOUR PIGMENT INSIDE CHLOROPLAST.
*Q4. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF CYTOPLASM?*
ANS: CYTOPLASM IS A JELLY-LIKE SUBSTANCE THAT HOLDS ORGANELLES , SMALL
STRUCTURES WHICH HAVE DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS.
UNIT : 7. MIXTURES
*Q1: WHAT IS A MIXTURE? ALSO GIVE EXAMPLE.*
ANS: A MIXTURE IS MADE UP OF TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES.
EXAMPLE: CAKE IS A MIXTURE OF FLOUR, EGG, SUGAR AND BAKING SODA.
*Q2: DEFINE SOLUTE AND SOLVENT.*
SOLUTE: A SUBSTANCE WHICH IS DISSOLVED IN SOLVENT TO OBTAIN A SOLUTION IS CALLED
SOLUTE.
SOLVENT: A SUBSTANCE IN WHICH SOLUTE IS DISSOLVED IS CALLED SOLVENT.
SUGAR DISSOLVED IN WATER.
- SUGAR IS A SOLUTE.
- WATER IS A SOLVENT.
*Q3: WHAT ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MIXTURES?*
ANS: THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MIXTURES.
1. *HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE*: THEY HAVE SAME COMPOSITION THROUGHOUT.
EXAMPLE: MIXTURE OF SUGAR WITH WATER.
2. *HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE*: THEY DO NOT HAVE SAME COMPOSITION THROUGHOUT.
EXAMPLE: MIXTURE OF SAND WITH SALT.
*Q4: DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS.*
1. FILTRATION*: THE PROCESS IN WHICH INSOLUBLE PARTICLES ARE SEPARATED FROM A
MIXTURE. *
EXAMPLE: TEA IS STRAINED TO FILTER OUT TEA LEAVES.
2. *EVAPORATION*: THE PROCESS IN WHICH LIQUID CHANGES INTO GASEOUS STATE.
EXAMPLE: CONVERSION OF WATER INTO STEAM.
3. *SUBLIMATION*: THE PROCESS IN WHICH SOLID DIRECTLY CHANGES INTO GAS WITHOUT
BECOMING LIQUID.
EXAMPLE: DRY ICE.
4. *DISTILLATION*: IT IS A PROCESS WHICH IS USED TO SEPARATE A PURE SOLVENT FROM
SOLUTION.
5. *PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY*: IT IS A PROCESS USED TO SEPARATE DIFFERENT
COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE.
*Q5: WHAT IS COMPOSITION OF AIR?*
ANS: AIR IS A MIXTURE OF GASES.
MAJOR GASES IN AIR ARE:
1. NITROGEN (78%)
2. OXYGEN (21%)
3. ARGON (0.9%)
4. CARBON DIOXIDE (0.03%)
5. OTHER GASES (0.003%)
*Q6: WHAT ARE DIFFERENT WAYS OF SEPARATING MIXTURE?*
ANS: WAYS OF SEPARATING MIXTURE:
1. SUBLIMATION
2. EVAPORATION
3. DISTILLATION
4. FILTRATION
5. PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
*Q7: WHY WATER IS CALLED UNIVERSAL SOLVENT?*
ANS: MANY SUBSTANCES DISSOLVE IN WATER TO SOME EXTENT. THAT IS WHY WATER IS
CALLED A UNIVERSAL SOLVENT.
*Q8: WHY LIFE DOES NOT EXIST IN DEAD SEA?*
ANS: DEAD SEA CONTAINS SO MUCH DISSOLVED SALTS, SO IT IS IMPOSSIBLE FOR LIFE TO
SURVIVE IN IT. THAT IS WHY LIFE DOES NOT EXIST IN DEAD SEA.
*Q9: GIVE ONE WORD ANSWER*
1. WHICH METHOD IS USED TO SEPARATE PETROL FROM OIL?
ANS: DISTILLATION
2. WHICH METHOD CAN BE USED TO REMOVE MUD FROM MUDDY WATER?
ANS: FILTRATION
3. WHICH METHOD WOULD YOU USE TO SEPARATE THE BLUE AND YELLOW DYES?
ANS: PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
*Q10: FILL IN THE BLANKS:*
1. AIR IS A MIXTURE OF GASES.
2. THE MOST ABUNDANT GAS IN THE ATMOSPHERE IS NITROGEN.
3. WITHOUT OXYGEN FROM AIR, MOST LIVING THINGS WOULD DIE.
4. SUBSTANCE WHICH IS DISSOLVED IN SOLVENT IS CALLED SOLUTE.
5. MIXTURES DO NOT HAVE FIXED PROPERTIES.