INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE

UNITED STATES, 1926 TO 1931

By W. D. CoLLINS and C. S. HowARD

INTRODUCTION

This report is intended to serve as a guide to the larger collections

of analyses of the mineral content of natural waters in the United
States published from 1926 to 1931,1 Publications up to 1925 are ·
listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, which may be purchased from
the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office,
Washington, D. C., for 5 cents. The numbers of the publications
listed for each State are consecutive for the two reports. The two
reports include references to some publications that deal with treated
waters such as public water supplies and also include a few that
contain only incomplete analyses.
The water-supply papers and other publications of the United
States Geological Survey contain more analyses of water than any
other series of publications. Several State organizations have pub-
lished collections of analyses and, either alone or in cooperation with
the United States Geological Survey, have made comprehensive sur-
veys of [Link] and ground waters within their respective States.
For other States comparatively little has been published. The list
of publications in this paper is intended to cover all reports on water
analyses published by Federal and State geological surveys and
experiment stations. In addition, references are given to journal
articles that contain collections of analyses.
The publications listed have been prepared for various uses. The
larger number of Geological Survey water-supply papers that con-
tain analyses are reports prepared to show the ground-water con-
ditions in individual areas. These reports attempt to give data that
will serve as a basis for predicting the chance of finding water at any
depth, together with an estimate of the probable chemical character
of the water found. Some of the other reports relate primarily to
the chemical character of waters either in some particular area or in
some river system. State reports are generally of similar scope.
1 All publicatiollll issued in 1932 of which information had been received up to the
time of going to press (April, 1932) have been included also.
191
 192 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 1932

Privately published reports relate almost exclusively to mineral

waters. Journal articles may relate to almost any subject that
involves analyses of the mineral content of waters.
The term " analysis ''used without qualification in this report is in-
tended to refer to reasonably complete analyses of the mineral con-
tent of the waters. Analyses in recent publications of the Geological
Survey have been made by the methods described in Water-Supply
Paper 596-H, "Notes on practical water analysis" (available from
the Superintendent of Documents for 10 cents). The older analyses
of surface waters were made by the methods described in Water-
Supply Paper 236 (general report 8). 2 These analyses include fig-
ures for calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, and alkalinity.
Most of them give figures for silica and for either iron or iron and
aluminum oxides. Sodium and potassium are usually determined
· by the Geological Survey. It is common practice in publications
from other sources to report for sodium the quantity calculated as
needed in addition to the calcium and magnesium to balance the
acids.
Partial ~tnalyses generally include the determination of dissolved
solids and a few mineral constituents but not enough to make it
possible to calculate the sodium. A large number of partial analyses
have been published under the name " assay." These regularly in-
clude the determination of the acid radicles and the hardness. Re-
cently a considerable number of " preliminary examinations '' have
been made in. the preparation of Geological Survey reports. These
include titrations of chloride and alkalinity with turbidimetric esti-
mation of sulphate and calcium. Sometimes nitrate is determined,
and sometimes hardness is determined by the soap method. These
very fragmentary examinations are made merely to indicate the
general character of a water or to determine the probability of its
similarity to some other water in the neighborhood for which a com-
plete analysis is available. " Sanitary " analyses include determina-
tions of nitrogen in various forms, chloride, total dissolved solids,
and sometimes iron and total hardness. Publications containing
only sanitary analyses have not been listed unless they report investi-
gations of special importance relative to areas for which few min-
eral analyses are available.

SURFACE WATERS

The most comprehensive older studies of surface waters are re-

ported in United States Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers
236, 237, 239, 273, 274, 339, and 363 (general report 8, California 19,
2 References in parentheses to reports by number indicate the numbers assigned in this

or the previous index (Water-Supply Paper 560-C).

 INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE U. S. 193
Illinois 13, Kansas 5, general report 10, Washington 4, Oregon 2).
Most of the analyses in all these publications except W ater·Supply
Paper 274 are reprinted in Professional Paper 135 (general report
21). A number of the analyses of surface waters from these papers
are also given in Bulletin 770 (general report 22). A comprehen-
sive series of analyses of the Colorado River and its tributaries is
still in progress. Results have been published in Water-Supply
Papers 596, 636, and 638 (Arizona 18, 19, and 20). A series of
analyses of composites o:f daily samples covering one year at each
of 33 stations in Virginia was carried on from April1, 1929, to March
31, 1931 (Virginia 7). In addition analyses were made of a large
number of single samples collected at known stages of streams
whose probable relation to the streams :from which daily samples
were collected was known.
These comprehensive reports on surface water contain analyses of
a series of composites of daily samples taken over a period of a year.
The most common practice was to make composites of 10 daily sam-
ples. For some of the reports composites were made three times
each month, with 10, 11, 8, or 9 daily samples in the last composite
for the month. A few of the series of analyses were made on 7-aay
composites. Experience with many studies of this character indi-
cates that composites of 10 daily samples give the most information
for the work involved. The added information obtained by making
more frequent composites has not seemed to justify the extra work.
If the composites cover much longer periods than 10 days changes
in character of the water may escape detection. Where waters are
extremely variable it is sometimes profitable to determine one char-
acteristic constituent on each of the daily samples. This is most
often the chloride. The analyses given in the comprehensive reports
bring out clearly the inadequacy of single analyses of river waters
or even of a series of analyses made without data for the discharge
corresponding to each analysis.

GROUND WATERS
•
Most ground waters are :fairly uniform in composition throughout
the year and from year to year. A single analysis of a sample taken.
at any time is likely, therefore, to be representative of the character
of the water obtainable from the same source at any time for many
years afterward. A few springs are affected by surface water so
that their composition varies with the rainfall. Wells may be af-
fected by failure of the casing at a point where a water may enter
that is very different in composition from the water that has been de-
veloped as the main supply of the well. This is most likely to hap-
pen where salt waters are cased off in order to obtain better water
194 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 1932

at a greater depth. A number of wells at different places have been

contamina~d with water apparently coming from the ocean as are-
sult of heavy pumping. These wells have rarely been restored to
their former character.
In addition to the numerous reports that contain analyses of
ground waters from individual areas, mention should be made of
Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 489, "The occurrence of
ground wa~r in the Uni~d States, with a discussion of principles."
This report, which is out of print but may be found in many public
and university libraries, gives a large amount of general information
on the character of waters in different areas.

MINERAL WATERS

Many of the most complete and exhaustive collections of analyses

relate to waters that are supposed to have some particular medicinal
properties. For many of the best known of these waters there is
nothing in the analytical results to suggest any explanation for their
supposed remarkable characteristics. Several of the publications
that contain collections of analyses recognize this point. One of them
(general report 27) in connection with this subject states:
When the astute physician of the present day reads of the wondrous water
and more marvelous cures in an imposing list, as set forth in divers attestations
from rejuvenated preachers, restored politicians, and renovated bobbed-haired
suffragettes, persons unqualified by study or experience to give valuable testi-
mony, and then carefully studies the analysis and finds that it contains only
an infinitesimal amount of lime salts in parts per 1,000,000, is it any wonder
that he tosses it into the wastebasket in disgust and assuages his enraged
intelligence with an expletive objuration on charlatanry in general and the
mineral-spring mountebank in particular? This "cure all" type of advertising,
pursued by many proprietors of mineral springs, has contributed largely to
bring odium upon mineral waters and to foster incredulity in the minds of the
profession. A spring or spa exploiting a really meritorious mineral water,
which has hopes for continuous patronage and indorsement of the profession,
has no need to resort to exaggerated hyperbole nor to the use of superlatives.
Practically all the books seem to have ignored this consideration
in the material printe"a about individual springs. In general, the
analyses of mineral waters are reliable. Many of the statements re-
garding the therapeutic properties of the waters appear to have
been taken by the authors of the books from advertising circulars
distributed by the owners of the springs or resorts and not to have
been confirmed by observation and experience of the authors. Thus,
in referring to these books as sources of information as to the chemical
character of the waters and the location of springs it must be
understood that some statements regarding the properties of the
spring waters are viewed with suspicion by many who have given
serious attention to the subject.
 INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE U. S. 195
A general discussion of the subject of mineral waters at a meeting
of the American Chemical Society at Atlanta, Ga., April 7 to 11,
1930, was introduced by Miss Foster's report on some analyses of
waters from hot springs (Arkansas 7, Virginia 4). Different phases
of the subject were presented in three other papers 3 which together
furnish an up-to-date survey of conditions affecting the mineral-
water business. These papers will be helpful in evaluating the
material relating to mineral waters in the various publications listed
below.
Attention might be called to the claims that have been made in the
past for special therapeutic properties of mineral waters due to
lithium and radioactivity. Both of these topics are discussed in the
paper by Sale, just cited. A brief statement on the subject of
radioactivity was published· by the United States Public Health
Service.4 It is the consensus of opinion of students of the subject,
as borne out by publications and decisions of the courts quoted by
Sale, that unusual characteristics such as radioactivity or the presence
of lithium have not been shown to have any appreciable useful effect
in connection with the use of most mineral waters.
Some of the reports containing discussions and analyses of mineral
waters are listed below. For the larger reports the number of analy-
ses is indicated in parentheses.
General reports: 1 (850), 3 (450), 4 (100), 7 (54), 11 (38), 14, 22, 27 (871).
Arkansas : 1, 2, 3.
California: 6 (100), 23 (300).
Colorado: 25 (202).
Georgia: 3 (170).
Indiana: 3 (80).
l(ansas: 2 (129).
Maine : 2, 4, 7.
PUBLIC SUPPLIES

Although waters for public supplies are practically all treated in

some way to make them safe for drinking or to make them more
suitable for other uses, they are, nevertheless, in the main, not greatly
changed in composition from the time they are taken from their
sources until they are delivered to consumers. Many of those who
wish to find analyses of waters are more interested in the composition
and characteristics of the waters delivered to consumers than they
are in the waters as they occur naturally. Therefore reports giving
i
3 Sale, J. W., Control of mineral waters and their salts under the Federal food and drugs
act: Ind. and Eng. Chemistry, vol. 22, p. 332, 1930. Ingalls, Fay, The development of a
spring property as a health and pleasure resort: Ind. and Eng. Chemistry, news ed., vol.
8, No. 10, p. 1, 1930. Eastlake, G. B., Bottled waters for horne and office use: Idem, vol.
8, No. 11, p. 2, 1930.
• Collins, W. D., The radioactivity of natural waters: Public Health Reports, vol. 41,
No. 37, pp. 1937-1939, 1926.
196 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 1932

the chemical composition of public water supplies are included in the

lists. The more comprehensive reports of this nature are general
report 20, Arkansas 6, Illinois 26, Kansas 9, and Ohio 5.

.A V .[Link] OF THE PUBLICATIONS LISTED

Most of the publications listed are available for consultation in the

larger public and educational libraries. Many are out of print, some
can be purchased, and others are still available for free distribution
from the office of publication. The price is given for Geological Sur-
vey publications that are for sale. Geologic folios can be purchased
only from the Director, United States Geological Survey, Washing-
ton, D. C.; all other Survey publications are sold by the Superin-
tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington,
D. C. Payment :for publications is required in advance.

PUBLICATIONS CONTAINING COLLECTIONS OF

MINERAL .ANALYSES OF WATERS
[Figures in parentheses alone or followed by "s" lndi~ate number of analyses. For
example, "(14s, 22)" means that the report contains 14 series of analyses of surface waters
covering a period of about a year for each place, and 22 single analyses of either surface
or ground water.]
GENERAL REPORT
NoTE.--The following publications listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C are now out of
print: Nos. 18, 19, 20, and 21. The price of No. 17 is 50 cents.

23. Mills, R. V. A., Protection of oil and gas field equipment against corrosion:
U.· S. Bur. Mines Bull. 233, W25 (35 cents). 23 analyses of corrosive
and noncorrosive waters in different oil fields of the United States. Most
of the analyses have "Qeen published elsewhere.
24. Reistle, C. E., jr., Identification of oil-field waters by chemical analysis:
U.S. Bur. Mines Tech. Paper 404, 1927 (5 cents). 12 analyses of oil-field
waters with interpretation of the analytical results for correlation of the
geologic strata from which the samples were obtained.
25. Collins, W. D., and Howard, C. S., Natural sodium bicarbonate waters. in
the United States: Ind. and Eng. Chemistry, vol. 19, p. 623, 1927. Graphic
representation of 10 analyses of typical natural waters of the United
States, with description of certain areas where sodium bicarbonate waters
may be expected.
26. Meinzer, 0. E., Plants as indicators of ground water: U. S. Geol. Survey
Water-Supply Paper 577, 1927 (25 cents). Total solids, sulphate, chlo-
ride, and black alkali (Na,COa) are reported for 23 waters of Sulphur
Spring Valley, Ariz., for 10 waters of the Tularosa Basin in New Mexico,
and for 20 waters from Nevada. The analytical d¥a for most of the
waters have been published before.
27. Fitch, W. E., Mineral waters of the United States and American spas,
Philadelphia and New York, Lea & Febiger, 1927. Analyses of 871 springs
expressed in hypothetical combinations of the determined constituents.
Many of the analyses have been published elsewhere.
 INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE U.S. 197
28. Wells, R. C., Bailey, Reginald, and Henderson, E. P., Salinity of the water
of Chesapeake Bay: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 154, pp. 105-152, 1928
(Prof. Paper 154-C, 15 cents). Chloride determinations and density for
samples from different depths at 41 stations in Chesapeake Bay.
29. Thompson, T. G., Johnson, Martin, and Todd, S. P., The sea water at the
Puget Sound Biological Station from September, 1926, to September, 1927:
Puget Sound Biol. Sta. Pub., vol. 6, pp. 371-391, 1928. Hourly variations
in temperature, chlorinity, and specific graviJil. over two complete tidal
cycles and daily variation in chloride and spe. gravity for surface and
depth samples for a two-month period. Other publications of the Puget
Sound Biological Station give data· for other years.
ALABAMA
General report: 27 (29).
2. Butts, Charles, U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Bessemer-Vandiver folio (No.
221), 1927 (50 cents). Partial analyses made by R. S. Hodges, of the
Alabama Geological Survey, of samples of 38 waters of the Birmingham
district.
3. Callan, J. C., and Gordon, H. B., Chemical analysis of the waters of Alabama:
Alabama Polytech. Inst. Bull., vol. 27, No.1, January, 1932. 600 analyses,
including those in Alabama 1 and 4, and about 300 from other sources.
4. Johnston, W. D., jr., Ground water in the Paleozoic rocks of northern Ala-
bama : Alabama Geol. Survey Special Rept. 16, 1932. 210 analyses made
'by Margaret D. Foster and C. S. Howard, U. S. Geological Survey.
ARIZONA
NoTE.-Reports Nos. 7, 8, 10, 15, and 16 for Arizona, listed in Water-Supply Paper
560-C, are out of print.
General reports: 26 (23), 27 (4).
17. Catlin, C. N., Character of the ground-water resources of Arizona: Arizona
Univ. Agr. Exper. Sta. Bull. 114, 1926. 850 reports of total solids,
chloride, and hardness and 240 partial analyses of well waters. The
analyses were made by or under the direction of the author at the
experiment station.
18. Collins, W. D., and Howard, C. S., Quality of water of Colorado River in
1925-26: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 596, pp. 33-43, 1928 (50
cents). Analyses made in the water-resources laboratory of the U. S.
Geological Survey of composites of samples of water from the Colorado
River collected daily at Grand Canyon and Topock and at less frequent
intervals at other stations.
19. Howard, C. S., Quality of water of the Colorado River in 1926-1928: U. S.
Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 636, pp. 1-14, 1930 (Water-Supply
Paper 636-A, 5 cents). Continuation of the work reported in Arizona 18.
Analyses made in the water-resources laboratory of the U. S. Geological
Survey of composites of samples collected daily from the Colorado River
at Grand Canyon, Topock, and Yuma and of samples collected at less
frequent intervals at other stations.
20. Howard, C. S., Quality of water of Colorado River in 1928-1930: U. S.
Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 638, pp. 145-158, 1932 (Water-Suppfy
Paper 638-D, 5 cents). Continuation of the work reported in Arizona
18 and 19. Analyses :made in the water-resources laboratory of the U. S.
Geological Survey ofi composites of samples of water from the Colorado
Rlv~ ~d ll• tribntat" eoll-d dally at """" Feny and G=d Canyon,
I'
Adz., and mna, Ci'< and G~n Riv~. Utah.
198 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 1932

ARKANSAS
General report : 27 ( 36).
6. Hale, Harrison, City water supplies of Arkansas: Arkansas Univ. Eng.
Exper. Sta. Bull. 2, 1926. Analyses made at the University of Arkansas,
under the direction of the author, of 95 samples from 82 cities and
towns of the State.
7. Foster, M. D., Chemical character of the hot springs of Arkansas and
Virginia: Ind. and Eng. Chemistry, vol. 22, pp. 632-633, 1930. 17 com-
plete analyses by tA author and others representing some of the springs
at Hot Springs, A;r.'
CALIFORNIA
NoTE.-Reports Nos. 13, 15, 16, 19, 23, 24, 29, 33, 35', and 36 for California, listed in
Water-Supply Paper 560-C, are out of prhi.t.
General report : 27 ( 82) .
37. Day, A. L., and Allen, E. T., The volcanic activity and hot springs of Lassen
Peak: Carnegie Inst. Pub. 360, 1925. 23 analyses made by the authors
of hot-spring waters of the Lassen region.
38. Hudson,. F. S., and Taliaferro, N. L., Calcium chloride waters from certain
oil fields in Ventura County, Calif.: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists
Bull., vol. 9, pp. 1071-1088, 1925. 21 analyses of typical waters from
wells drilled into the Sespe formation in Ventura County made by M. T.
Kendall at Ventura refinery. About 20 analyses, from various sources,
of waters from other localities.
39. Miller, R. C., Ramage, W. D., and Lazier, E. L., Study of physical and chem-
ical conditions in San Francisco Bay, especially in relation to the tides:
California Univ. Pub. Zoology 31, pp. 201-267, 1928. Salinity, tempera-
ture, turbidity, oxygen, and hydrogen sulphide at five selected places in
San Francisco Bay.
40. Thompson, D. G., The Mohave Desert region, Calif., a geographic, geologic,
and hydrologic reconnaissance: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper
5'78, 1929 (out of print). About 150 analyses of samples from wells and
springs of the region. 105 of these analyses were made in the water-
resources laboratory of the U. S. Geological Survey.
COLORADO
NoTE.-Reports Nos. 6, 22, and 26 for Colorado, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C,
are out of print.
General report : 27 ( 94) .
28. Patton, H. B., Underground water possibilities for· stock and domestic
purposes in the La Junta area, Colo.: Colorado Geol. Survey Bull. 27,
pt. 1, 1924. 10 analyses of " Dakota " waters reprinted from Colorado
17, and 24 analyses made by commercial chemists of waters from shallow
wells and springs of the State.
CONNECTICUT
NoTE.-Reports Nos. 3 and 7 for Connecticut, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, are
out of print.
General report : 27 ( 7) .
9. Brown, J. S., Ground water in the New Haven area, Conn.: U. S. Geol.
Survey Water-Supply Paper 540, 1928 (60 cents). Analyses of samples
of ground water from 49 sources and of 2 surface waters. The analyses
were made in the water-resources· laboratory of the U. S. _Geological
Survey.
 INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE U. S. 199
10. Meinzer, 0. E., and Stearns, N. D., A study of ground water in the Pom-
peraug Basin, Conn., with special reference to intake and discharge:
U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 597, pp. 73--146, 1929 (Water-
Supply Paper 597-B, 35 cents). 10 analyses of samples of ground water
made by Margaret D. Foster, and an analysis of a composite sample
from Nonewaug River made by S. C. Dinsmore.

DELAWARE

1. Eastman, A. S., and Beckett, R. C., Public water supplies of Delaware, 1931,
Delaware Univ. and State Board of Health, 1932. 30 analyses of public
water supplies in Delaware, made by D. W. Weaver, University of
Delaware.

FLORIDA
General report: 27 (14).
9. Collins, W. D., and Howard, C. S., Chemical character of waters of Florida:
U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 596, pp. 177-233, 1928 (Water-
Supply Paper 596--G, 10 cents). 458 analyses of ground and surface
waters of the State. Most of the analyses were made for the report in
the water-resources laboratory of the U. S. Geological Survey.

GEORGIA
General report : 27 ( 44).
IDAHO
General report: 27 (2).
ILLINOIS
NoTE.-Reports Nos. 13 and 15 for Illinois, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, are
out ot print.
General report : 27 ( 35) .
24. Tough, F. H., Williston, S. H., and Savage, T. E., in cooperation with U. S.
Bureau of Mines, Experiments in water control in the Flat Rock Pool,
Crawford County: Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 40, pp. 97-140, 1919. 6
ar:.alyses of oil well waters.
25. Habermeyer, G. C., Public ground-water supplies in Illinois: Illinois Univ.
State Water Survey Bull. 21, 1925. Analyses made in the laboratory of
the Water Survey for about 450 public ground-water supplies of the State.
Many of the analyses have been published in earlier-reports of the Water
Survey.
26. Mylius, L. A., Oil and gas development and possibilities in east central
Illinois: Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 54, 1927. 10 analyses of oil-field
waters.
27. Lamar, J. E., and Clark, C. R., Corrosion in the eastern Illinois oil fields:
Illinois Geol. Survey Press Bull. ser., Illinois Petroleum, No. 15, pp,
9-22, 1928. 8 analyses.
28. Wanless, H. R., Geology and mineral resources of the Alexis quadrangle:
Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 57, 1929. 9 analyses.

INDIANA
NoTE.-Report No. 4 for Indiana, listed in Water-Supply Paper 5'60-C, is out of print.
General report: Zi (20).
200 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 19 3 2

IOWA
NOTE.-Report No. 2 for Iowa, listed In Water-Supply Paper 560-C, is out of print.
General report : 27 ( 6) .
7. Norton, W. H., Deep wells of Iowa-a supplementary report, with a chapter
on well-water recessions in Iowa by J. H. Lees, and a table of Iowa
towns giving municipal water supplies: Iowa Geol. Survey, vol. 33, 1928.
About 50 analyses of ground waters of the State made in various labora-
tories.
KANSAS
NoTE.-Report No. 5 for Kansas, listed In Water-Supply Paper 560-C, Is out of print.
General report : 27 ( 33) .
9. Gottlieb, Selma, Mineral analyses of municipal water supplies in Kansas :
Kansas Univ. Chemical Research Div. Bull. 5 (Eng. Bull. 17), 1928.
Determinations made by the State Board of Health of hardness, calcium,
magnesium, and chloride for about 300 municipal water supplies of
Kansas.
KENTUCKY
NoTE.-Reports Nos. 7 and 8 for Kentucky, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, are
out of print.
General report : 27 ( 30) .
LOUISIANA
NoTE.-Report No. 3 for Louisiana, listed In Water-Supply Paper 560-C, Is out of print.
General report : 27 ( 1) .
MAINE
NoTE.-Report No. 4 for Maine, listed In Water-Supply Paper 560-C, Is out of print.
General report: 27 (9).
8. Campbell, E. W., Public water supplies of Maine: New England Water Works
Assoc. Jour., vol. 41, pp. 99-128, 1927. Chloride, hardness, and color for
over 150 public supplies of Maine.

MARYLAND
General report: 27 .(5).
MASSACHUSETTS
General report: 27 (5).
MICHIG~N

NOTE.-Reports Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5 for Michigan, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C,

are out of print.
General report : 27 ( 17).
9. McNamee, R. L., The surface waters of Michigan, hydrology and qualitative
characteristics and purification for public use: Michigan Univ. Eng. Re-
search Bull. 16, 1930. More than 350 analyses of surface waters of Michi-
gan. The analyses were collected from various laboratories and published
sources.
 INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE U. S. 201
MINNESOTA
NOTE.-Reports Nos. 1, 2. and 3 for Minnesota, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C,
are out of print.
General report: 27 ( 4).
Ml'SSISSIPPI
General report: 27 (15).
4. Stephenson, L. W., Logan, W. N., and Waring, G. ·A., The ground-water re-
sources of Mississippi, with discussions of the chemical character of the
waters by C. S. Howard: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 576,
1928 (90 cents). 6 analyses of surface waters and over 200 analyses of
ground waters of the State. A great many of the analyses were made
for this report in the water-resources laboratory of the U. S. Geological
Survey, others were made at the University of Mississippi, and a few
have been published in other places.

MISSOURI
NOTE.-Report No. 6 for Missouri, listed in Water-Supply Paper 500-C, Is out of print.

General report : 27 ( 21) .

9, Beckman, H. C., Water resources of Missouri, 1857-1926: Missouri Bur. Geol-
ogy and Mines, 2d ser., vol. 20, 1927. Analyses of about 200 samples of
water from rivers and springs of the State. Analyses by H. W. Mundt
and W. D. Turner, of the State Board of Health.

MONTANA
NOTE.-Reports N011. 1, 2, and 6 for Montana, listed In Water-Supply Paper 560-C, are
out of print.
General report: 27 (10).
7. Riffenburg, H. B., Chemical character of ground waters of the northern
Great Plains: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 560, pp, 31--52, 1925
(Water-Supply Paper 560--B, 5 cents). Discussion based on about 400
complete and 700 partial analyses of North Dakota and Montana ground
waters. Range of quantities of sulphate, chloride, and pH for 23 samples
of rain water collected in 1923-24 in Washington, D. C. Typical analyses
for waters from different formations of the Great Plains.
8. Benick, B. C., Base exchange in ground water by silicates as illustrated in
Montana: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 520, pp. 53-72, 1925
(Water-Supply Paper 520--D, 10 cents). Graphic representation of 20
samples from the Lance formation and 10 samples from the Fort Union
formation in Montana. The analytical data for these analyses are given
in Montana 10.
9. Hall, G. M., and Howard, C. S., Ground water in Yellowstone and Treasure
Counties, Mont.; U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 599, 1929 (25
cents). About 100 analyses of water from wells and springs in these
counties. Most of the analyses were made in the water-resources iabora-
tory of the U. S. Geological Survey.
10. Renick, B. C., Geology and ground-water resources of central and southern
Rosebud County, Mont., with chemical analyses of the waters by H. B.
Riffenburg : U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 600, 1929 (out of
print). About 120 analyses of samples of ground water of the region.
Most of the analyses were made in the water-resources laboratory of the
U. S. Geological Survey.
202 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 19 3 2

NEBRASKA
NOTE.-Report No. 2 for Nebraska, issued in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, is out of print.
4. Hicks, W. B., Potash resources of Nebraska: U.- S. Geol. Survey Bull. 715,
pp. 125--139, 1921 (out of print). Composition of 15 potash brines and
of 10 ground and surface waters of the Nebraska potash region. Analyses
made by E. T. Erickson, of the U. S. Geological Survey.

-NEVADA
NOTE.-Reports Nos. 6 and 8 for Nevada, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, are out.
of print.
General reports : 26 ( 20) , 27 ( 6) .

NEW HAMPSHIRE
General report: 27 (11).
NEW JERSEY
General report : 27 ( 1) .
7. North Jersey District Water Supply Commission of the State of New Jersey,_
Report for the period May 5, 1916, to June 30, 1925, 1925. Sanitary
analyses for 48 sampling points in 8 drainage basins of the region,
giving the maximum, minimum, and average quantities for a year.
8. Thompson, D. G., Ground-water supplies of the Atlantic City region : New
Jersey Dept. Conservation and Development Bull. 30, 1928. Analyses of
5 samples of surface and ground water and graphical representation of
increaSe in chloride for certain wells of the region.
9. Collins, W. D., and Howard, C. S., Quality of .the surface waters of New
Jersey: U. Si. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 596, pp. 89'-119, 1928.
(Water-Supply Paper 596-E, 5 cents). About 120 analyses representing
single samples taken at different stages for all the streams in the State
on which gaging stations were being maintained. Analyses by C. S.
Howard.
10. Hartwell, 0. W., Surface water supply of New Jersey to September 30, 1928:
New Jersey Dept. Conservation and Development Bull. 33, 1929. Analyses.
of typical surface waters of New Jersey reprinted from New Jersey 9.
11. Thompson, D. G., Ground-water supplies. in the vicinity of Asbury Park:
New Jersey Dept. Conservation and Development Bull. 35, 1930..
8 analyses representing water from 3 important aquifers of the region ..
Analyses made by C. S. Howard.

NEW MEXICO
NoTE.-Reports Nos. 10 and 11 for New Mexico, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C,.
are out of print.
General reports : 26 (10) , 27 (19).
14. Renick, B. C., Geology and ground-water resources of western Sandoval
County, N. Mex.: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 620, 1931 (35·
cents). 21 analyses of spring and well waters and 1 analysis of a river
water. The analyses were made in the water~resources laboratory of'
the U. S. Geological Survey.

NEW YORX
General report: 27 ( 48).
 INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE U. S. 203
NORTH CAROLINA
General report: 27 (35).
4. Foster, M. D., Surface waters of western North Carolina: Ind. and Eng.
Chemistry, vol. 19, p. 885, 1927. 18 analyses of surface waters of the
State made by the author and analyses representing maximum and min-
imum quantities found in two rivers of the State during an earlier.
survey.
. 5. Ray, C. E., jr., and Randolph, E. E., Preliminary report on the chemical
quality of the surface waters of North Carolina with relation to indus-
trial use: North Carolina Dept. Conservation and Development Econ.
Paper 61, 1927. 174 analyses of surface waters and 11 analyses of
ground waters of the State. 60 analyses were made by Margaret D.
Foster, of the U. S. Geological Survey, a few were furnished by the
Southern Railway, and the remainder were made by Mr. Randolph.

NORTH DAKOTA
7. Rift'enburg, H. B., Chemical character of ground waters of the northern
Great Plains: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 560, pp. 31-52,
1925 (Water-Supply Paper 560-B, 5 cents). Discussion based on about
400 complete and 700 partial analyses of ground waters of North Dakota
and Montana. Range of quantities of sulphate, chloride, and pH for
23 samples of rain water collected in 1923-24 in Washington, D. C. Typi-
cal analyses for waters from dift'erent water-bearing formations of the
Great Plains.
8. Simpson, H. E., Geology and ground-water resources of North Dakota, with
a discussion of the chemical character of the water by H. B. RUienburg:
U. S. GeoL Survey Water-Supply Paper 598, 1929 (out of print). 196
complete mineral analyses of ground waters of the State, made by
H. B. Rift'enburg and others .in the water-resources laboratory of the
U. S. Geological Survey.
OHIO
NOTE.-Report No. 3 for Ohio, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, hi out ot print.
General report : 27 ( 9).
5. Foulk, C. W., Industrial water supplies of Ohio: Ohio GeoL Survey, 4th
ser., Bull. 29, 1925. More than 500 analyses of surface and ground
waters of the State made under the direction of the author in his labo-
ratory at the Ohio State University.

OKLAHOMA
NoTE.-Report No. 6 for Oklahoma, listed In .Water-Supply Paper 560-C, is out of print.
General report : 27 ( 8) .
OREGON
NOTE.-Report No. 1 for Oregon, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, is out of print.
General report : 27 ( 5).
3. Piper, A. M., Geology and ground-water resources of the Dalles region, Oreg.:
U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 659, pp. 107-189, 1932 (Water-
Supply Paper 659-B. 9 analyses made by Margaret D. Foster, U. S.
Geological Survey~
96268°---82--14
204 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 19 3 2

PENNSYLVANIA
General report: 27 (23).
3. Torrey, P. D., Oil-field waters of the Bradford pool: Am. lust. Min. and Met.
Eng. Tech. Pub. 38, 1927. 16 analyses showing the chemical cha::-acter of
the connate and ground waters and also the changes that take place with
flooding operations.
4. Leitch,. R. D., Observations on acid mine drainage in western Pennsylvania:
U. S. Bur. Mines Repts. Inv. 2889, 1928. Acidity expressed in parts per
million and as pH for waters from 68 mines in Pennsylvania.
5. Leitch, R. D., and Yant, W. P., A comparison of the acidity of waters from
some active and abandoned coal mines: U. S. Bur. Mines Repts. Inv. 2895,
1928. Acidity expressed in parts per million and as pH, total iron, and
oxygen for waters from 24 mines in Pennsylvania.

RHODE ISLAND
General report: 27 (2).
SOUTH CAROLINA
General report: 27 (9).
SOUTH DAKOTA
NoTE.-Reports Nos. 5 and 6 for South Dakota, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C,
are out of print.
General report: 27 (4).
12. Meinzer, 0. E., Problems of the soft-water supply of the Dakota sandstone,
with special reference to the conditions at Canton, S. Dak.: U. S.
Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 597, pp. 147-170, 1929, 75 cents. 8
analyses made by Margaret D. Foster, of the U. S. Geological Survey.

TENNESSEE
NoTE.-Report No. 1 for Tennessee, listed in Water-Supply Paper 56Q-C, is out of print.
General report : 27 ( 19) .
3. Wells, F. G., A preliminary report on the artesian water supply of Memphis,
Tenn.: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 638, pp. 1--iW, 1931
(Water-Supply Paper 63S--A, 15 cents). 7 analyses by Margaret D. Fos-
ter, U. S. Geological Survey, and 3 analyses made for the '1.'\lnnessee
Geological Survey.
4. Piper, A. M., Ground water in north-central Tennessee: U. S. Geol. Survey
Water-Supply Paper 640 (in press). 50 analyses by Margaret D. Foster,
u. S. Geological Survey, and 50 analyses made for the Tennessee Geologi-
cal Survey.
5. Wells, F. G., Ground-water resources of western Tennessee: U. S. Geol.
Survey Water-Supply Paper 656 (in preparation). 121 analyses by
Margaret D. Foster, U. S. Geological Survey, and 57 analyses made·for
the Tennessee Geological Survey.

TEXAS
NoTE.-Report No. 11 for Texas, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, Is out of print.
General report : 27 ( 20) .
17. Collins, W. D., and Riffenburg, H. B., Quality of water of .Pecos River ln
Texas: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 596, pp. 67-88, 1928
 INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE U. S. 205
(Water-Supply Paper 596-D, 10 cents). 224 analyses of water from the
Pecos River representing different stages at 6 gaging stations, 14 analyses
from tributaries of the Pecos. The analyses were made by H. B.
Riffenburg.
18. Cohen, Chester, Chemical analyses of Texas well waters, Texas Dept.
of Health, 1931. A compilation of 1,168 analyses reported in hypotheti-
cal combinations in parts per million. 735 analyses were furnished by the
International Filter Co., 273 were furnished by 19 other organizations,
140 are not credited to any laboratory. Locations are given for some
wells for which no analyses are given.

UTAH
NoTE.-Reports Nos. 3, 4, and 5 for Utah, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560--C, are out
of print.
General report: 27 (6).
10. Howard, C. S., Quality of water of Colorado River in 1928-1930: U. S. Geol.
Survey Water-Supply Paper 638, pp. 145-158, 1932 (Water-Supply Paper
638-D, 5 cents). Continuation of the work' reported in Arizona 18
and 19.. Analyses made in the water-resources laboratory of the U. S.
Geological Survey of composites of samples of water from the Colorado
River and its tributaries collected daily at Bluff, Cisco, and Green
River, Utah, and at Lees Ferry and Grand Canyon, Ariz.

VERMONT
General report : 27 ( 5).
VIRGINIA
General report : 27 ( 46).
3. Hall, G. M., Ground water in the Ordovician rocks near Woodstock, Va.:
U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 596, pp. 45--00, 1928. (Water-
Supply Paper 596-C, 15 cents.) Analyses by H. B. Riffenburg of waters
from 6 wells in the vicinity of Woodstock.
4. Foster, M. D., Chemical character of the hot springs of Arkansas and Vir-
ginia: Ind. and Eng. Chemistry, vol. 22, pp. 632-633, 1930. 11 analyses,
made by the author in the water-resources laboratory of the U. S. Geo-
logical Survey, of samples from some of the hot springs of Virginia.
5. Collins, W. D., Foster, M.D., Reeves, Frank, and Meacham, R. P., Springs of
Virginia, a report on the discharge, temperature, and chemical character
of springs in the southern part of the Great Valley: Virginia State Comm.
Conservation and Development, Div. Water Resources and Power, Bull. 1,
1930. Partial analyses, made by Margaret D. Foster, for more than 400
springs of the Great Valley.
6. Collins, W. D., Williams, K. T., and Lohr, E. W., Chemical character of sur-
face waters of Virginia, preliminary report: Virginia State Comm. Con-
servation and Development, Div. Water Resources and Power, Bull. 2,
1930. Analyses of 36 composite samples for each of 16 gaging stations
at which daily samples were collected for a year. The analyses were
made in the W!lter-resources laboratory of the U. S. Geological Survey.
7. Collins, W. D., Lohr, E. W., Williams, K. T., Haller, H. S., and Kenworthy,
0. C., Chemical character of surface waters of Virginia: Virginia State
Comm. Conservation and Development, Div. Water Resources and Power,
206 CONTRIBUTIONS T? HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 1932

Bull. 3, 1932. .Analyses of 36 composite samples for each of 33 gaging

stations at which daily samples were collected for a year. (Includes
analyses in Virginia 6.) .Analyses of 150 samples from. other gaging
stations representing high and low discharge.

WASHINGToN
.NOTJD.-Reports Nos. 3 and 4 for Washington, liste4 in water-Supply Paper 560-C, are
out of print, ·
General report: 27 (5).
5. Smith, E. V., and Thompson, T. G., Salinity of the Lake Washington ship
canal: Washington Univ. Eng. Exper. Sta. Bull. 41, 1927. Chloride
determinations for various depths at many stations in the canal to
determine the conditions affecting the flow of sea water into the canal
system.
6. Wright, C. C., Surface and subsurface waters of the Yakima and Klamath
reclamation projects: Washington Agr. Exper. Sta. Bull. 228, 1928.
Determinations by E. w~ Knight (superintendent, U. S. field station at
Fallon, ~ev.) of total solids, chloride, sulphate, and total hardness for.
over 250 samples of irrigation, ground, and drainage waters of the
Yakima and Klamath projects.

WEST VIRGINIA
General report : 27 ( 18).
WrBCONSIN
General report: 27 (18).
WYOMING
General report: 27 (21).
10. Estabrook, E. L., Analyses of Wyoming oil-field waters: Am• .Ass()(!. Petro-.
leum Geologists Bull., vol. 9, pp. 235-246, 1925; 24 analyses of oil-field
waters, made in the Caspar laboratory of the Standard Oil Co.
11. Parks, E. M., Water analyses in oil production and some analyses from
Poison Spider, Wyo;: Am . .Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., voL 9, pp.
927-946, 1925. 19 analyses of waters from different geologic horizons
are tabulated and discussed.
12. Ross, J. S., and Swedenborg, E. A., Analyses of waters of the Salt Creek
field applied to underground problems: Am. Inst. Min. and Met. Eng.
Tech. Pub. 157, 1928. 15 analyses of typical samples of oil-field waters.
13. Thom, W. T., jr., and Spieker, E. M., The significance of geologic conditions
in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3, Wyo., with a section on the waters of
the Salt Creek-Teapot Dome uplift, by Herman Stabler: U. S. Geol.
Survey Prof. Paper 163, 1931 ($1.25). Analyses were made mainly by
chemists of the U. S. Geological Survey in the laboratory at Casper,
Wyo. 240 samples from various geologic formations.
 INDEX

A D
Page Page
Ahlltracts or papers ____________________ .-3, 107-109 Dalles formation, cross-bedded conglomerate
Acknowledgments for aid _______________ 11, no-111 in·------------------------------ pl. 14
Alabama, analyses of waters from____________ 197 fossils in _______________________________ 125--126
Alfalfa, fluctuations in water table produced occurrence and character oL __________ 12o-127
by_______________________________ 24-28 sections of. ____________________________ 121-124
ground-water discharge by evaporation springs issning from_____________________ 147
and transpiration of, in ex~ri- water in------------------------------ 145-147
mental tank.-------------------- 99 Dalles region, Oreg., analyses of typical
production of, by natural sub irrigation .. _ 8-10 watersfrom______________________ 162
seasonal discharge of ground water by. . . . 82 drainage of..-------------------------- 112-114
tank experiments with ___________________ 61Hi9 drillers' logs of wells in .. --------------- 184--187
Alkali, plants as indicators of_________________ 18 epochs of deformation in._------------- 139-140
Alluvium in Dalles region, Oreg., interme- general character and age of rocks oL..... 116
diate, occurrence and character of. 133 ground water in, occurrence and recovery
intermediate, sand and gravel oL ...... pl. 15 of._--------------------------- 142-143
older, ageof..____________________________ 131 in unconsolidated rocks ____________ 144-145
cross-bedded sand, gravel, and boul- location and extent of__ ________________ 109-110
dersoL _________________________ pl. 15 purpose and scope of investigation in.___ 110
distribution and character of. .. ____ 1211-131 records of springs in------------------- 188-189
fossils in ..... ----------------------- 131 records of wells in.-------------------- 17Q-183
origin of.. _________________________ 131-133 secondary folds and faults in ___________ 135-138
younger, oocurrence and character______ 133-134 &e also The Dalles, Oreg.
Andesite, in Dalles region, Oreg., occurrence Dalles syncline, features of. _______________ 134--135
of. _______ ------------------------ 127 Delaware, analyses of waters from___________ 199
Arizona, analyses ofwatersfrom______________ 197
Arkansas, analyses of waters from.----------- 198 E
B Eagle Creek formation, occurrence and char-
Barometric pressure, fluctuations of water actar of________________________ 116-118
table due to______________________ 54 Erratic boulders, oocurrence of, in Dalles
Barr, W.B.,analysisofwellwaterby._______ 94 region, Oreg.____________________ 128
Beaver River, Utah, heavy stand of rabbit Escalante Valley, Utah, agricultural utility
brushneardrybedof. ___________ pl. 4 of.------------------------------ 18-19
thicket of young willows in former bed of. pl. 5 ground-water conditions in ______________ 15-17
Beryl district, Utah, discharge of ground map of, showing topography, hydrology,
water in. ________________________ 91-93 and land classification. pl. 1 (in pocket)
Beryl, Utah, salt-grass areas near _____________ 28-29 precipitation in _______________________ 13-14,96
purpose of ground-water studies in .. ____ 10
c quality of ground water in _______________ 93-95
California, analyses of waters from____________ 198 results of investigations in _______________ 1-105
Capillary fringe, deflnltionoL_______________ 5 stream discharge in ______________________ 14--15
Cherry Hill District Improvement Co., dis- topography of._------------------------- 11-13
tribution of irrigation costs oL... 163 vegetation in ____________________________ 17-18
measurements of' depth to static level of Evaporation, observations of, from soil in
water in well of.--------------- 153-155 tanks ____________________________ 77-81
summaryofpumpagefrom well of. .. 150, pl. 17 observations of, from free water surfaces._ 76-77
Climate of Dalles region, Oreg ____________ 114--116
Collins, W, D., and Howard, C. S., Index of ]<'
analyses of natural waters in the
United States, 1926to 193L. .... 191-206 Florida, analysesofwaters from______________ 199
Colorado, analyses of water from____________ 198 Fluctuation of water levels in wells, general
Columbia River, view of valley of, at The features of. ______________________ 1, 3-4
Dalles, Oreg _____________________ pl. 12 interpretation of.________________________ 3
Connecticut, analyses ofwaterfrom. _______ 198-199 measurements of------------------------ 2-3
207
208 INDEX

Page M Page
Fluctuations of water table, cause of_________ 59-61 Maine, analyses of waters from______________ 200
character of, before and after plants are Maryland, analysesofwatersfrom___________ 200·
cut _________ --_---- ______ . _______ 44-47
Massachusetts, analysesofwatersfrom_______ 200·
in cleared fields--------"------------- 43-44 Meadow grasses, fluctuations in water table
daily, general character oL _ ------------- 23-24 produced by--------------------- 4Z
interpretation of data for, in terms of Michigan, analyses of waters from___________ 200
ground water ____________________ 81-84 Milford district, Utah, classification of vege-
investigation oL ________________________ 20-63
tation in, for field mapping ______ 84-86
method ot_ __________________________ 20-23
cultivated lands in, amount of ground
seasonal, character oL ----· _____ --------- 54-58 water used on ___________________ 87-8~
Foster, Margaret D., analyses of well water by_ 93-94 features of_______________________________ 19
field of naturally subirrigated alfalfa in___ pl. 3
G fleldofshadscaleandgreasewoodin ______ pl. 5-
Geologic history of Dalles region, Oreg _____ 140-142 heavy stand of greasewood in____________ pl. 4
Geologic map of Dalles region, Oreg. pl. u_ meadowlands and lowlands in, general
(in pocket) features of water table in--------- 86-87
Geology and ground-water resources of Dalles results of studies of water table in________ 84-91
region, Oreg ___________________ 107-189 salt-gr8ss meadow in--------------------- pl. 3
Georgia, analyses of waters from_____________ 100 springs in________________________________ 8~

Gravel, effect of, on fluctuations of water total discharge of ground water in ________ 90-91
table._-------------------------_ 61-63 uplands In, general features of water
Greasewood, fluctuations in water table pro- table in__________________________ 87
duCed bY------------------------ 33-36 Milford Experiment Station, Utah, evapora-
ground-water discharge by evaporation tion at___________________________ 97
and transpiration of, in experi- general features oL __ ------------ 63-64, pis. 6-9
mental tank_____________________ 100 mean temperature at____________________ 97
seasonal discharge of ground water by_ ___ 82 monthly precipitation at_________________ 97
tank experiments with ___________________ 71--74 number of fair, partly cloudy, and cloudy
Ground water, discharge of, by soil evapora- days each month at______________ 97
tion._--------------------------- 101 results of evaporation tests at____________ 98
in Dalles region, Oreg., chemical charac- wind movement at______________________ 97
ter or__ ________________________ 160-162 Mineral waters, analyses oL ______________ 194-195
uniformity of composition ot__ _________ 193-194 Minnesota, analyses of waters from__________ 201
Ground-water supplies, a method of esti- Mississippi, analysesofwatersfrom__________ 201
mating.----------------------- __ 1-105 Missouri, analyses ofwatersfrom_____________ 201
Modena, Utah, relative humidity recorded at_ 97
H Montana, analyses of waters from___________ 201
Harms, Herman, analyses of well water by_ _ _ 93-94
Howard, C. S., analyses of well water by------ 93-94 N
Collins, W. D., and, Index of analyses of Nebraska, analyses of waters froiD------~---- 20Z
natural waters In the United Nevada, analyses of waters from_____________ 20Z
States, 1926 to 193L ___________ 191-206 New Hampshire, analyses of waters from_____ 202.
New Jersey, analyses of waters from__________ 20Z
I New Mexico, analysesofwatersfrom_________ 202
Idaho analyses of waters from________________ 100 New York, analyses of waters from__________ 202
Illinois, analyses of waters from______________ 100 North Carolina, analyses of waters from_____ 203
Indiana, analyses of waters from_____________ 100 North Dakota, analyses of waters from.----- 203
Iowa, analyses of waters from________________ 200
Irrigation In Dalles region, Oreg., economic 0
principles oL _________________ 163-165
general features of-______________________ 163 Observation wells, features of________________ 20-22
sources of ground water for_----------- 167-169 Ohio, analyses of waters from________________ 203
statutory provisions affecting __________ 165-167 Oklahoma, analyses of waters from__________ 203
Oregon, analyses of waters from ____________ 162,203
K Osborn, H. F., quoted----------------------- 118
Owens Valley, Calif., work of C. H, Lee in__ 6-7
Kansas, analyses of water from_____________ 200
Kelley, Ray F., measurements of depth to
p
static level of water in well ot____ 153
Kentucky, analyses of waters from___________ 200 Peat, effect of, on fluctuations of water table_ 62
Pennsylvania, analyses of waters from..______ 204
L
Physiographic history of Dalles region,
Landslides in Dalles region, Oreg__________ 138-139 Oreg ____________ -------- ______ 140-142
Louisiana, analyses of waters from___________ 200 Plckleweed, fluctuations in water table pro-
Lund, Utah, salt-grass areas near _____________ 28-29 duced bY------------------------ 39
 INDEX 209
Page Page
Piper, Arthur M., Geology and ground-water Texas, analyses of waters from_______________ 204
resources of the Dalles region, The Dalles, Oreg., fluctuations of water sur-
Oregon. ___ . ___________________ 107-189 face in municipal well at._._ pis. 18, 19
Pomperaug Basin, Conn., work of 0. E. measurements of depth to static level of
[Link]... 6 water in municipal well at.______ 159
Public supplies, analyses of water of_______ 195--196 monthly and annual rainfall at_ __ • ____ 115-116
Pulpit Rock, The Dalles, Oreg., view oL ••. pl. 14 tentative correlation of water-bearing
beds penetrated by typical wells
Q near _____________________________ pl. 16
Quaternary rocks in Dalles region, Oreg___ 127-134 See also Dalles region, Oreg., etc.
Threemile Creek, Dalles region, Oreg., view
R of valley or. __ ------------------- pl. 13
Rabbit brush, fluctuations in water table u
produced by _____________________ 36-38
Rain, effect of, on fluctuations of water table. 48-54 Utah, analyses of waters from________________ 205
Rhode Island, analyses of waters from_______ 204
v
8 Vegetal discharge of ground water, definition
oL _____________________________ . 5
Sagebrush, fluctuations in water table pro-
duced by________________________ 42 Vermont, analyses of waters from____________ 205
Salt grass, fluctuations in water table pro- Virginia, analyses of waters from ___________ 205--206
duced by. _______________________ 28-33
ground-water discharge by evaporation w
and transpiration of, in experi- Washington, analyses of waters from_________ 206
mental tanks____________________ 100 Water analyses, general collections of. _____ 196-197
seasonal discharge of ground water by___ 82 Water-stage recorder, automatic, features
tank experiments with ___________________ 69-71 . and operation of. ______ pis. 2, 6, 9, 22-23
Shad scale, fluctuations in water table pro- West Virginia, analyses of waters from_______ 206
duced by ________________________ 38-39
White, Walter N., A method of estimating
seasonal discharge of ground water by___ 82 ground-water supplies based on
Smith, G. E. P., work of. ___________________ 4, 7-8
discharge by plants and evapora-
South Carolina, analysesofwatersfrom_____ 204 tion from soil ____________________ 1-105
South Dakota, analyses of waters from._____ 204 Willows, fluctuations in water table pro.-
Specific yield of water, definition of..________ 5 duced by ________________________ 41-42
from different types of soil, data for ____ 102-105 Wisconsin, analyses of waters from__________ 206
tests of. _________________________________ 74-76
Wyoming, analyses of waters from___________ 206
installation of cylinder used in _______ [Link]
Stream discharge, daily fluctuations in, pro- y
duced by withdrawal of ground
water------ ___ -------- ___________ 95-96 Yakima basalt, approximate altitude of type
Structure of Dalles region, Oreg., general of, on flanks of Dalles syncline .• _ 135
features of.______________________ 134 lower water-bearing zone in ____________ 156-160
Surface features of Dalles region, Oreg. ____ 111-112 occurrence and character of. ___________ 118-120
Surface waters, analyses of_________________ 192-193 upperwater-bearingzonein, features of. 148-156
water in, general conditions affecting____ 148
T
Tanks, experiments with plants grown in,
z
apparatus and methods __________ 64-66 Zane, Utah, salt-grass areas near _____________ 28-29
Tennessee, analyses of waters from___________ 204 Zone of saturation. definition or______________ 5

0
_,.,.,..