AERO40001 Aerodynamics I Tutorial Sheet 4

1. Consider a low-speed subsonic wind tunnel with a 12 to 1 contraction ratio (change in

area) for the nozzle. If the flow in the test section is at standard sea-level conditions
with a velocity of 50m/s, calculate the height difference in a U-tube mercury manome
ter with one side connected to the nozzle inlet and the other to the test section. Use the
general handout for any required data.
(Ans 0.011m assuming rair= 1.19kg/m3, rmercury= 13 600kg/m3)

2. An airplane is flying at standard sea level where the pressure is 101.3KPa. The
measurement of the Pitot tube mounted on the wing tip reads 15.21 PSI (104.8 KPa).
What is the velocity of the airplane?
(Ans=76.7m/sn 的assuming rair= 1.19kg/m3,)
Palld PnlU
a .

3. cylindrical wind tunnel contraction (nozzle) has a diameter of 3m at the upstream end
and 1m at the downstream end where it leads into the working section, also of 1m
diameter.
∴ Uua =

i2
1 . 19
In the front
xa
part of=the working
25
( m/s , section the airflow speed is 30ms
-1

pressure is atmospheric, while the rear part contains a long model rocket of diameter
and the

0.5m. Draw a figure of the configuration and calculate the change in pressure relative to
atmospheric pressure (neglecting all effects of viscosity)
At inlet side ,

a. upstream of the contraction

b. at the front stagnation
3
Pc.= on the
pua : =
side of the model
2
× point of the model
1 19 × ( ,2 = 10 32986 ( Pa ,
well behind the nose
.
85 .

(Ans 528.9Pa, 535.5Pa,-416.5Pa)

y
4. A nozzle has a diameter of 3m at the 32986 end and 1m at the ”downstream end. The
10upstream
h 7 7426 m
.

= 0 ( , =
flow
∴ speed
,
=
at the downstream end,× 13600
where the pressure and temperature are at .

9 81
atmospheric conditions, is 30ms-1. Determine
,

a. the flux of momentum out of the nozzle

b. the axial force on the nozzle walls (Hint see lecture 2.7)
test thessde
Atc. Justify assumption of constant density
,

(Ans (i) 848 N (ii) 3016 N Downstream, taking r= 1.2kg/m3)

5. P
=
ioua ? = 出
× 1 19 × (
501== 1487 5 ( Pa ,
An aerofoil is situated in an airstream with free stream velocity U¥ and density r¥. The
,
.

aerofoil section of chord c is designed to that the upper-surface velocity is 1.4 U¥ up to

x/c=0.5 (50% chord) and then decreases linearly to 0.9 U¥ at x/c=1 (the trailing edge)

房
while the lower-surface = 1487
velocity is 5¥ up to x/c=0.5 and then increases
0.7 U linearly to
hz O O11149 ( m ,
.

= =
∴
0.9 U¥ at the trailing edge. Plot9a81graph of
× 13600velocity against x/c. Plot also a graph of Cp
.

against x/c assuming inviscid flow. From the area of your second graph find the lift
coefficient due to pressure. (Ans 1.085)
: hi -
h ,
= O . 0110716 um ) =
O Ill 1 km )
.
AERO40001 Aerodynamics I Tutorial Sheet 4

1. Consider a low-speed subsonic wind tunnel with a 12 to 1 contraction ratio (change in

area) for the nozzle. If the flow in the test section is at standard sea-level conditions
with a velocity of 50m/s, calculate the height difference in a U-tube mercury manome
ter with one side connected to the nozzle inlet and the other to the test section. Use the
general handout for any required data.
(Ans 0.011m assuming rair= 1.19kg/m3, rmercury= 13 600kg/m3)

P Po i
>
+ V
0 at standard sea level where the pressure is 101.3KPa. The
=

2. An airplane is flying
measurement of the Pitot tube mounted on the wing tip reads 15.21 PSI (104.8 KPa).
What is the velocity of the airplane?
(Ans 76.7m/s assuming rair= 1.19kg/m3,)
, 104 & RPa = 101 3 KPa + 3 x 1 19 /m xV kg
2
.
3
: .
,

3. cylindrical wind tunnel contraction (nozzle) has a diameter of 3m at the upstream end
and 1m at the downstream end where it leads into the working section, also of 1m
∴ V =In76the 696
diameter. front m
,
/sof the working section the airflow speed is 30ms-1 and the
part
pressure is atmospheric, while the rear part contains a long model rocket of diameter
.

0.5m. Draw a figure of the configuration and calculate the change in pressure relative to
atmospheric pressure (neglecting all effects of viscosity)
=
76 7 m/s.

a. upstream of the contraction

b. at the front stagnation point of the model
c. on the side of the model well behind the nose
(Ans 528.9Pa, 535.5Pa,-416.5Pa)

4. A nozzle has a diameter of 3m at the upstream end and 1m at the downstream end. The
flow speed at the downstream end, where the pressure and temperature are at
atmospheric conditions, is 30ms-1. Determine
a. the flux of momentum out of the nozzle
b. the axial force on the nozzle walls (Hint see lecture 2.7)
c. Justify the assumption of constant density
(Ans (i) 848 N (ii) 3016 N Downstream, taking r= 1.2kg/m3)

5. An aerofoil is situated in an airstream with free stream velocity U¥ and density r¥. The
aerofoil section of chord c is designed to that the upper-surface velocity is 1.4 U¥ up to
x/c=0.5 (50% chord) and then decreases linearly to 0.9 U¥ at x/c=1 (the trailing edge)
while the lower-surface velocity is 0.7 U¥ up to x/c=0.5 and then increases linearly to
0.9 U¥ at the trailing edge. Plot a graph of velocity against x/c. Plot also a graph of Cp
against x/c assuming inviscid flow. From the area of your second graph find the lift
coefficient due to pressure. (Ans 1.085)
 AERO40001 Aerodynamics I Tutorial Sheet 4

1. Consider a low-speed subsonic wind tunnel with a 12 to 1 contraction ratio (change in

area) for the nozzle. If the flow in the test section is at standard sea-level conditions
with a velocity of 50m/s, calculate the height difference in a U-tube mercury manome
ter with one side connected to the nozzle inlet and the other to the test section. Use the
general handout for any required data.
(Ans 0.011m assuming rair= 1.19kg/m3, rmercury= 13 600kg/m3)

2. An airplane is flying at standard sea level where the pressure is 101.3KPa. The
measurement of the Pitot tube mounted on the wing tip reads 15.21 PSI (104.8 KPa).
What is the velocity of the airplane?
(Ans 76.7m/s assuming rair= 1.19kg/m3,)

3. cylindrical
Λ wind tunnel contraction (nozzle) has a diameter of 3m at the upstream end
and 1m at the downstream end where it leads into the working section, also of 1m
Λ
diameter. In the front part of the working section the airflow speed is 30ms-1 and
√ the
U∞
> pressure is atmospheric, while the rear
1 part contains a long model rocket of diameter
吧 O5 .

0.5m. Draw a figure of the configuration and calculate the change in pressure relative to
atmospheric pressure (neglecting all effects
√
of viscosity)
②
√
a. upstream of the contraction
b. ①
at the front stagnation point of the model
c. on the side of the model well behind the nose
(Ans 528.9Pa, 535.5Pa,-416.5Pa)
( 3 ) O2 ( m/s ,
30
^

A U, .
= =

4. A nozzle has a diameter of 3m at the upstream end and 1m at the downstream end. The
flow speed at the downstream end,
=P 2where
3 the pressure
∵ Pz
and temperature
Pa are at
atmosphericPconditions, is( 30ms
IP
U, -1. Determine+ (β Ui "
=
+ ,
r

a. the flux of momentum out of the nozzle

b. the axial force on the nozzle walls (Hint see lecture 2.7)
c. Justify the assumption of constant density 528 9 ( pu )
AP 式 0 ( U , taking
2
( U=
IP
= .
=
r= 1.2kg/m3)
-

(Ans (i) 848 N (ii) 3016 N Downstream,

5. An aerofoil is situated in an airstream with free stream velocity U¥ and density r¥. The
b
aerofoil section
AP of chord c' uis=
x/c=0.5 (50% chord) and
.
=£
designed to that the upper-surface
3
× 1 19 × ( 30 )
2 velocity (isPas
535 5 1.4 U¥ up to
=

Pa then decreases linearly to 0.9 U¥ at x/c=1 (the trailing edge)

. .

while the lower-surface velocity is 0.7 U¥ up to x/c=0.5 and then increases linearly to
0.9 U¥ at the trailing edge. Plot
P
a graph of velocity against x/c. Plot also a graph of Cp
(O 5 ) π
against x/c assuming inviscid flow. From= the4Ocmarea /of your second graph find the lift
U3 = V
.

C s)
coefficient due to pressure. (Ans ' 1.085)
2
.
"
5
(O ) π ( 0 25
.
π -
,

5 ( Pa
=
BPacUz pacUo' 416 )
∴ AP " - = -
.
Σ
弓
儿
AERO40001 Aerodynamics I Tutorial Sheet 4

1. Consider a low-speed subsonic wind tunnel with a 12 to 1 contraction ratio (change in

area) for the nozzle. If the flow in the test section is at standard sea-level conditions
with a velocity of 50m/s, calculate the height difference in a U-tube mercury manome
ter with one side connected to the nozzle inlet and the other to the test section. Use the
general handout for any required data.
(Ans 0.011m assuming rair= 1.19kg/m3, rmercury= 13 600kg/m3)

2. An airplane is flying at standard sea level where the pressure is 101.3KPa. The
measurement of the Pitot tube mounted on the wing tip reads 15.21 PSI (104.8 KPa).
What is the velocity of the
Λ
airplane?
(Ans 76.7m/s assuming rair= 1.19kg/m3,)

↓
Uo
3. cylindrical wind tunnel contraction (nozzle) has a diameter of 3m at the upstream end
λ
and 1m at the downstream 3 end where it leads into the working section, also of 1m
diameter. In the front part of the working section the airflow speed is 30ms-1 and the
② of diameter
pressure is atmospheric, while the rear part contains a long model rocket
0.5m. Draw a figure of the
√ configuration and calculate the change in pressure relative to

atmospheric pressure (neglecting

① all effects of viscosity)

a. upstream of the contraction

b. at the front stagnation point of the model
AU
1 side
. nose 23 N
之 ) 2 the 848
x

A c. >≡
on the × (model
of the 30) = well
π ( behind
2
= .
( ,
.

(Ans 528.9Pa, 535.5Pa,-416.5Pa)

4. A nozzle has a diameter of 3m at the upstream end and 1m at the downstream end. The
b speed
flow.
U , = at( 3
2
30 0 (end,
) ×downstream
the m/s , =

where the pressure and temperature are at

atmospheric conditions, is 30ms-1. Determine
a. the flux of momentum out of the nozzle
P . (Hint
+ walls , - PaAI - Pu . Aa )
b. the axial IA .nozzle
- force on,the see lecture 2.7) A

PLUZRA
-

c. Justify the PCU

(
F A
:
-

assumption of constant density

(Ans (i) 848 N (ii) 3016 N Downstream, taking r= 1.2kg/m3)

F, is situated in an airstream
5. An aerofoil =

PCUZFA PCU
IPAwith
+ ( PI
- -
P2 ) Avelocity U¥ and density r¥. The
free stream , ,
-
,

aerofoil section of chord c is designed to that the upper-surface velocity is 1.4 U¥ up to

x/c=0.5 (50% chord) and then decreases linearly to 0.9 U¥ at x/c=1 (the trailing edge)
:

PCUZRA
while the lower-surface velocity
-
FA U
PLUis,0.7 , up to x/c=0.5
-¥ [ (UR and
< U then
+IP
P ] Aincreases linearly to -

, ,

0.9 U¥ at the trailing edge. Plot a graph of velocity against x/c. Plot also a graph of Cp
against x/c assuming inviscid flow. From the area of your second graph find the lift
, Uz" -
AU
,R
coefficient
=
due A
to pressure.
UsP - (Ans 1.085)
P A ]

= 1 2 ( 225π -
1025π ) = -
3015 9PN ,
.

.
: Fa = 3016 N

Oom,
=
M
C , Umx = 30m/ s
,
/=
0 , 091< O 3 .
:
incompressible
AERO40001 Aerodynamics I Tutorial Sheet 4

1. Consider a low-speed subsonic wind tunnel with a 12 to 1 contraction ratio (change in

area) for the nozzle. If the flow in the test section is at standard sea-level conditions
with a velocity of 50m/s, calculate the height difference in a U-tube mercury manome
ter with one side connected to the nozzle inlet and the other to the test section. Use the
general handout for any required data.
(Ans 0.011m assuming rair= 1.19kg/m3, rmercury= 13 600kg/m3)

2. An airplane is flying at standard sea level where the pressure is 101.3KPa. The
Uo
Λ
measurement of the Pitot tube mounted on the wing tip reads 15.21 PSI (104.8 KPa).
What is the velocity of the airplane?
(Ans 76.7m/s
U assuming
*
☆1 9
rair= 1.19kg/m3,)
. ∴
-
.

1 叶
.

3. cylindrical wind tunnel contraction

0 9 (nozzle) has a diameter of 3m at the upstream end
. .

O T
and 1m at the downstream end where it leads into the working section, also of 1m
U O 4 XT 0 5
diameter. In the front τ of the working section the airflow speed is 30ms-1 and the
part
.
: .
. .

pressure is atmospheric, while the rear part contains a long model rocket of diameter
0.5m. Draw a figure of the configuration and calculate the change in pressure relative to
atmospheric pressure (neglecting all effects of viscosity)
θ o .
'
s

: x1 c
a. upstream of the contraction
b. at the front stagnation point of the model
c. on the side of the model well behind the nose
(Ans 528.9Pa, 535.5Pa,-416.5Pa)
do not change
For inviscid
4. A nozzle has a diameter
P + ' Po
0, IO
flow of 3m at the upstream end and 1m at the downstream end. The
=
,

flow speed at the downstream end, where the pressure and temperature are at
atmospheric conditions, is 30ms-1. Determine
Unozzle : P Px+Ʃ ip
= =

U ,
P +out of the i ( Ux
=

2 ipUx
a. the flux of momentum
P ∞+
-

b. the axial force on the nozzle0walls (Hint see lecture 2.7)

'

c. Justify the assumption of constant density

r= 1.2kg/m3)
: (
(Ans (i)P848 P
=
∞ -
ip
N (ii) 3016 N Downstream,( Ue
taking
^
U"
1
= (
☆=
,
-

p
-
=

5. 五pU'in an airstream with

An aerofoil is situated 五free stream velocity U and density r . The
pU
aerofoil section of chord c is designed to that
<
the upper-surface velocity is 1.4 U up to
¥ ¥
¥
x/c=0.5 (50% chord) and then decreases linearly to 0.9 U¥ at x/c=1 (the trailing edge)
while the lower-surface velocity is 0.7 U¥ (upP toP∞>
x/c=0.5
A and then increases linearly to

点pv
-

0.9 U
∵ Cu¥ = at the trailing edge. Plot a=graph of velocity against x/c. Plot also a graph of Cp
= A flow. From the area of A
against x/c assuming inviscid 五OUx
your second graph find the lift
=

coefficient due to pressure. (Ans 1.085)

=
Cp
 AERO40001 Aerodynamics I Tutorial Sheet 4

1. Consider a low-speed subsonic wind tunnel with a 12 to 1 contraction ratio (change in

CP
area) for the nozzle. If the flow in the test section is at standard sea-level conditions
with a velocity of 50m/s, calculate the height difference in a U-tube mercury manome
ter with one side connected to the nozzle inlet and the other to the test section. Use the
general handout for any required data.
51 (Ans 0.011m assuming rair=J 1.19kg/m
.
4
[ 9 5 )rmercury= 13 600kg/m )
3, -
< 7 .
3 + .
2

!
"
… … "

""
2. An airplane is flying at standard sea level where the pressure is 101.3KPa. The
measurement
0 of the Pitot tube
1

) x
i mounted on the wing tip reads
: i
∴
10 15.21 PSI (104.8 KPa).
What is the velocity of the airplane?
:

(Ans 76.7m/s assuming rair= 1.19kg/m3,)

:
2

℃+ | -
( -
1 9)
.

3. cylindrical wind tunnel contraction (nozzle) has a diameter of 3m at the upstream end
524
≈
-

and 1m at the downstream end where it leads into the working section, also of 1m
diameter. In the front part of the working section the airflow speed is 30ms-1 and the
pressure is atmospheric, while the rear part contains a long model rocket of diameter
0.5m. Draw a figure of the configuration and calculate the change in pressure relative to
atmospheric pressure (neglecting all effects of viscosity)

∴ a. upstreamOof 5
Area = ( + 54 ,
the×contraction
.

b. at the front stagnation point of the model

c. on the side of the model well behind the nose
(Ans 528.9Pa, 535.5Pa,-416.5Pa)

4.
+
)↑ (0
x + 0 5<
.
4 ds ) ,

A nozzle has a diameter of 3m at the upstream end and 1m at the downstream end. The
flow speed at the downstream end, where the pressure and temperature are at

igI
atmospheric conditions, ist30ms-1. Determine

'
t momentum1 outc of- L - E 41 . ds gdf ,
,
a. the flux of -
+ .9
theEnozzle 1
-
-

b. the axial force on the nozzle walls (Hint see lecture 2.7)
c. Justify the assumption of constant density
(Ans (i) 848 N (ii) 3016 N Downstream, taking r= 1.2kg/m3)

047 0007
+
5. An aerofoil=is situated in an airstream 37568 500029
+with free stream velocity U¥ and density r¥. The
-
-

aerofoil section of chord c is designed to that the upper-surface velocity is 1.4 U¥ up to

x/c=0.5 (50% chord) and then decreases linearly to 0.9 U¥ at x/c=1 (the trailing edge)
while the lower-surface velocity is 0.7 U¥ up to x/c=0.5 and then increases linearly to
0.9 U¥ at the trailing edge. Plot a graph of velocity against x/c. Plot also a graph of Cp
= 1 085
against x/c assuming inviscid flow. From the area of your second graph find the lift
,

coefficient due to pressure. (Ans 1.085)

一
八