AERO40001 Aerodynamics I Tutorial Sheet 3
1. The x-component velocity, u(y), normal to the face of a 2D control volume which has
a centre at y=0 and whose height is Dy, so that -Dy/2 < y < Dy/2, varies as
u(y) = u0 + a y + b y2
.
(ι) Draw a diagram of the problem.
(ιι) Show that the average velocity, U , over the face is U =u0 + b (Dy)2/12
2. The velocity profile across a circular pipe of radius R is given by U(r)=U0(1-(r/R)2) ,
Y
where U0 is the velocity at the centre and r is radial distance. This is a similar problem
( )
to question 3 Ay
but requires integration over a circular cross section.
To perform this integral we can use the method of integration of a solid of revolution
(this will 利
法少be covered in more detail in your mathematics lectures). In this approach we
)
慡
consider the volume under a surface U(r) as the summation (or integral) or a series of
circular areas (πr2) of radius r(U) multiplied by a thickness du and so the volume is
B
β U0
given by ∫ U (r) dA = ∫ π r 2 (U ) du
l
i
些0
(i) Derive an expression for the mass flow rate in the pipe in terms of U0, r, R and
r assuming steady flow. Recall that mass flow Q = r U A= r ∫ U dA where U is
the average velocity, and A is the cross-sectional area.
(ii) If the diameter of the pipe is 4cm and the velocity at the centre is 1m/s, calculate
]∵
the Reynolds
uy ,number
dy Re, assuming the fluid in the pipe is air, defining Re as
cii Ur U D/µ, where
=
U is the average velocity of the air in the pipe.
(Ans rpU0R 2 3
AY/2, 1308 using ρ=1.19 kg/m and μ=1.82x10 Kg m/s)
-5
3. What is the vorticity of the following flows?
=
u = x, v =Ag
2
y Iuy + + y 洲
噩
u = 1-y , v = 0
(Ans 0, 2y)
ay [ utheyflowEb rate
)
=
ay }
. ) + (
4. By considering between two streamlines and recalling that the
streamfunction is constant along a streamline and is related to the flow rate between the
streamlines derive
Uo +
thebfollowing
) differential expressions:
*
= <
xy
(Hint: Start with a diagram and also review lecture 2-4)
《
皮
一
行
入
AERO40001 Aerodynamics I Tutorial Sheet 3
1. The x-component velocity, u(y), normal to the face of a 2D control volume which has
a centre at y=0 and whose height is Dy, so that -Dy/2 < y < Dy/2, varies as
u(y) = u0 + a y + b y2
(ι) Draw a diagram of the problem.
(ιι) Show that the average velocity, U , over the face is U =u0 + b (Dy)2/12
2. The velocity profile across a circular pipe of radius R is given by U(r)=U0(1-(r/R)2) ,
where U0 is the velocity at the centre and r is radial distance. This is a similar problem
to question 3 but requires integration over a circular cross section.
To perform this integral we can use the method of integration of a solid of revolution
(this will be covered in more detail in your mathematics lectures). In this approach we
consider the volume under a surface U(r) as the summation (or integral) or a series of
circular areas (πr2) of radius r(U) multiplied by a thickness du and so the volume is
U0
given by ∫ U (r) dA = ∫ π r 2 (U ) du
0
(i) Derive an expression for the mass flow rate in the pipe in terms of U0, r, R and
r assuming steady flow. Recall that mass flow Q = r U A= r ∫ U dA where U is
the average velocity, and A is the cross-sectional area.
.
=)
姑
(ii) If the diameter of the pipe is 4cm
γ
ip and the velocity at the centre is 1m/s, calculate
wo - vit
-
,
the Reynolds number Re, U assuming the fluid in the pipe is air, defining Re as
m V
r U D/µ, where册 U is the average velocity of the air in the pipe.
(Ans rpU0R /2, 1308 using ρ=1.19 kg/m3 and μ=1.82x10-5 Kg m/s)
2
radius R =
3. What is the vorticity of the following flows?
u = x, v = y
) Qu = 1-y2, v = 0 : UR IUCR ' (π I
PUA '
P
PU
>
F
R ]
= 0, 2y)
R
π
>
( .
=
(Ans
4. By considering the flow rate between two streamlines and recalling that the
istreamfunction
R 五 x 4iscmconstant
= 2 cmalong a streamline and is related to the flow rate between the
=
streamlines derive the following differential expressions:
U =
=I .1s
(Hint: Start with a diagram and also review lecture 2-4)
PpD ahy
1 -1 / mx 0 5 mls x 4 cm
:Re
.
: = =
5
13 -
&Zx kgrmls
'
J .
=
1 B ? 7 69.
=
1310
。
八
AERO40001 Aerodynamics I Tutorial Sheet 3
1. The x-component velocity, u(y), normal to the face of a 2D control volume which has
a centre at y=0 and whose height is Dy, so that -Dy/2 < y < Dy/2, varies as
u(y) = u0 + a y + b y2
(ι) Draw a diagram of the problem.
(ιι) Show that the average velocity, U , over the face is U =u0 + b (Dy)2/12
ForU x V
Y
= =
,
2. The velocity profile across a circular pipe of radius R is given by U(r)=U0(1-(r/R)2) ,
where U0 is the velocity at the centre and r is radial distance. This is a similar problem
to question
ω=
炎 背 裂 登 1 1 cross
3 but requires integration over a circular
: 0 section.
= - =
To perform this integral we can use the method of integration of a solid of revolution
(this will be covered in more detail in your mathematics lectures). In this approach we
For U 1 ye γ= 0
=
consider the volume under a surface U(r) as the summation (or integral) or a series of
-
circular areas (πr2) of radius r(U) multiplied by a thickness du and so the volume is
贺 步
U0
y sdy
0 1
<
0 ( 2 ) 2
y
=
ω=
y
-
(
-
given by ∫ U (r) dA = ∫ π r 2 (U ) du
=
-
0
(i) Derive an expression for the mass flow rate in the pipe in terms of U0, r, R and
r assuming steady flow. Recall that mass flow Q = r U A= r ∫ U dA where U is
the average velocity, and A is the cross-sectional area.
(ii) If the diameter of the pipe is 4cm and the velocity at the centre is 1m/s, calculate
the Reynolds number Re, assuming the fluid in the pipe is air, defining Re as
r U D/µ, where U is the average velocity of the air in the pipe.
(Ans rpU0R2/2, 1308 using ρ=1.19 kg/m3 and μ=1.82x10-5 Kg m/s)
3. What is the vorticity of the following flows?
u = x, v = y
u = 1-y2, v = 0
(Ans 0, 2y)
4. By considering the flow rate between two streamlines and recalling that the
streamfunction is constant along a streamline and is related to the flow rate between the
streamlines derive the following differential expressions:
(Hint: Start with a diagram and also review lecture 2-4)
一
一
一
AERO40001 Aerodynamics I Tutorial Sheet 3
1. The x-component velocity, u(y), normal to the face of a 2D control volume which has
a centre at y=0 and whose height is Dy, so that -Dy/2 < y < Dy/2, varies as
u(y) = u0 + a y + b y2
(ι) Draw a diagram of the problem.
(ιι) Show that the average velocity, U , over the face is U =u0 + b (Dy)2/12
2. The velocity profile across a circular pipe of radius R is given by U(r)=U0(1-(r/R)2) ,
where U0 is the velocity at the centre and r is radial distance. This is a similar problem
to question 3 but requires integration over a circular cross section.
To perform this integral we can use the method
AY of integration of a solid of revolution
(this
ψ will be covered in more detail Ax
in your mathematics lectures). In this approach we
consider the volume under a surface U(r) as the summation (or integral) or a series of
洲
circular areas (πr2) of radius r(U)
√ multiplied by a thickness du and so the volume is
收 U0
given by ∫ U (r) dA = ∫ π r 2 (U ) du
0
(i) Derive an expression for the mass flow rate in the pipe in terms of U0, r, R and
A flow Q = r U A= r ∫ U dA where U is
r assuming steady flow. Recall that mass
ψ .
-
42 Judy UAY
= :
ψ= UaY
:
the average velocity, and A is the cross-sectional area.
(ii) If the diameter of the pipe is 4cm and the velocity at the centre is 1m/s, calculate
Ψ 2
-
the
ψ Reynolds
. rdx
=
)
number VAxRe, assuming∵the A
= fluid in theAx
ψ=γ pipe is air, defining Re as
-
r U D/µ, where U is the average velocity of the air in the pipe.
(Ans rpU0R2/2, 1308 using ρ=1.19 kg/m3 and μ=1.82x10-5 Kg m/s)
3. What
∴ isLetthe ψ
vorticity > 0 flows?
x
yof the following
, ,
u = x, v = y
u = 1-y2, v = 0
y
4
64 uby
(Ans 0, 2y) : =
U
6
=
4. By considering the flow rate between two streamlines and recalling that the
4 and is related to the flow rate between the
streamfunction is constant: along
26 x
64 =
0x
N a streamline
streamlines derive the following differential
-
= -
expressions:
(Hint: Start with a diagram and also review lecture 2-4)
比