Tissue Classifications (by layers)
1. Simple -one layer of cells.
Tissue - Group of cells that has
2. Stratified - Multiple layers set up
similar functions and structure
on top of each other, like bricks.
Four types: 3. Pseudostratified - Mostly one
1. Epithelial - Protection, layer but formed with cells of
absorption, secretion and different shapes and sizes.
sensory
2. Connective - Provides support, Classifications (by shape)
binding organs, transport 1. Squamous - flattened shape and
substance, immunity flat nucleus, fast absorption and
3. Muscle - Movement and diffusion, making thin membranes
Locomotion 2. Cuboidal - spherical nucleus,
4. Nervous - Control and cuboidal cell shape, absorb
communication nutrients and produce secretions
like sweat
Epithelial Tissue 3. Columnar - Elliptical nucleus,
Structure column shaped cell with hexagonal
cross-section, tall, thick & cushion
underlying tissues, absorb
Free Apical
nutrients and produce secretions
Surface Classifications (by function)
Basement 1. Mucous membrane
Membrane 2. Glandular epithelium
3. Endothelium
Functions 4. Mesothelium
1. Covering Squamous Epithelium
a. Entire body
b. Internal Organs
c. Body Cavities
2. Protection
a. Barrier against injury
b. Disease-causing organism
3. Provide surface for:
a. Absorption
b. Secretion and excretion
c. Transport molecules
1. Simple Squamous Epithelium 2. Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Simple Flattened Squamous cell
Connective
Squamous at the apical surface
Membrane
Connective
Basement
Tissue
membrane
Examples Examples
Alveoli of lungs Epidermis
Blood vessels
Vagina
2. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Cuboidal Epithelium
1. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Examples
Examples
Sweat glands
Kidney Tubules
Esophagus
Duct of Pancreas
Columnar Epithelium 2. Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Apical surface
Columnar stratified
Basement membrane
Connective Tissue
1. Simple Columnar Epithelium
Examples
Examples
Pharynx
Fallopian Tube
Urethra
Stomach
2. Transitional
Other Epithelium
1. Pseudostratified Epithelium
Example
Example
Ureter
Trachea
Ureter
Classification by functions 1. Endothelium
2. Mucous Membrane
• Lines the digestive, respiratory,
urinary and reproductive tracts • Lines the circulatory system
• Usually, ciliated • Control of blood fluidity, platelet
• Produced mucous aggregation and vascular tone
• Delivering blood and other
3. Glandular Epithelium substances to your body
4. Mesothelium
• Specialized for synthesizing
special compound
• Exocrine and Endocrine
• Also known as Serous Tissue
• Tissue that lines cavities of the
body
• Pleura – serous membrane that
lines thoracic cavity
• Pericardium – serous membrane
that covers the heart
• Peritoneum – serous membrane
lining the abdominal cavity
Connective Tissue B. Dense Connective
• Most Abundant tissue type
• Good blood Supply
• Made of cell with lots of
intercellular material called
Matrix.
• Collagen Fibers are bundled in parallel
fashion
• Poor Blood Supply
• Tendons and Ligaments, nerve and
Functions:
muscle fibers, and fibrous membrane
1. Support covering of bones and cartilage
2. Nourishment
3. Transportation 1. Regular Dense Connective Tissue
4. Connection
5. Movement
6. Protection
7. Insulation
8. Storage
9. Attachment and Separation
A. Areolar or Loose connective
2. Irregular Dense Connective Tissue
• Multidirectional and loosely arranged
• Fills space between and penetrate the
organ • Fibers are not arranged in parallel
• Outer Covering of Blood vessels, bundles
nerves and esophagus. • Dermis of skin, alimentary canals,
glandular tissue
• Also called cortical bone
E. Reticular connective
• Solid matrix made up of osteons
• Long bones
2. Spongy Bones
• Reticular fibers cross link to form mesh
work. • Also called cancellous bone
• Thin branching fibers • Filled with red bone marrow
• Lymph nodes and bone marrow • End of long bones, and bones of pelvis,
ribs and vertebrae
C. Adipose Tissue
F. Cartilage Tissue
1. Elastic Cartilage
• Great flexibility or elasticity
• Numerous chondrocytes
(specialized cells found in cartilage)
• Matrix with threadlike network of
elastic fibers
• Fat Tissue • External ear, Epiglottis and Larynx
• Highly Vascular
• Yellow bone marrow, subcutaneous of
the skin, mammary glands,
intermuscular tissue and around
internal organs
D. Bone Tissue
1. Compact Bone
2. Hyaline Cartilage Vascular Tissue
• Extracellular matrix appears
smooth and glassy Structure
• Each lacuna is usually occupied
by chondrocytes in groups of 2 to
8
• Fewer cells
• Ribs, nose, larynx and trachea
Functions:
1. Transportation of Minerals
- Nutrients, hormones, gases and
wastes
3. Fibrocartilage
2. Regulation
• Thick dense collagen fiber
• Intervertebral disc, joint - pH level, body fluids, temperature
capsule and ligaments 3. Protection
- pH level, body fluid, temperature
Muscular Tissue
Structure:
• It has the ability to shorten and
thicken (contract) due to
interaction between two
proteins in muscle cell; actin
and myosin
• There are three types of muscle
tissue;
• Smooth,
• Striated or Skeletal and
• Cardiac
A. Skeletal Muscular Tissue C. Cardiac Muscular Tissue
- Found only in the heart
• Attached to movable parts of • Striated like skeletal and uninucleated
skeleton like smooth muscle
• Capable of rapid, powerful • Cylindrical
contraction and long states of • Long, branching cells with single nuclei
partially sustains contraction aligned with nearby cells
• Long tube-shaped, multinucleated
cells, aligned with nearby cells Nervous Tissue
Structure
B. Smooth Muscular Tissue
Composed of two types of nerve cells;
• Neurons
• Conducting cells
• Non striated involuntary
• Composed of cell body with
• Provides involuntary movement
nucleus, dendrites and axon
• Spindle-shaped cells, with single
• Neuroglia
nuclei packed closely
• Supporting and protecting
• Makes up Digestive tract,
cells
Genitourinary, Respiratory tracts,
Blood vessel, Lymphatic vessels
Functions:
• To deliver a message to the next
nerve cell in order to transmit
information across the body
• Responsible for coordination and
controlling many body’s activities.
Tissue Repair
When tissue injury does occur, it stimulates
the body’s inflammatory and immune
responses, and the healing process begins
almost immediately.
Ways of Tissue Repair
1. Regeneration is the replacement of
destroyed tissue by the same kind of
cells,
2. Fibrosis involves repair by dense
(fibrous) connective tissue, that is,
by the formation of scar tissue.
Tissue Repair Process
1. Inflammation sets the stage
2. Granulation tissue forms
3. Regeneration and fibrosis effect
permanent repair