Example 3.14.
1 Aparallel beam of light of wavelength 5890 4°isincident on a thinfiÉm
of Rl I.5, such that the angle of tefraction into the film is 60 Calculate the smallest
thickness ofthe filmn which make it appear dark by reflection.
Solution:
2 ut cos r = n
n 1x 5890 ×10
t
2u cosr 2x 1.5x cos 60
8
S890 × 10
1 =3926 x 10
2x 1.5 x3
t = 3.926 x 10 Cm
Example 3.14.2 In Newton's ring experiment. the diameter of a certain bright ring is
0.65 cmn, and that of tenth ring beyond is 0.95 cm. If A 6000 A° calculate radius of
Curvature of a dConver lens surface in contact with the glass plate.
- 8
Solution: D, = 0.65 cm, Dn+ 10 = 0.95 cm, ,= 6000 AO = 6000 × 10 Cm
R=?
Dn+10-D, = 4 m R
R=
D -D, 0.9025 0.4225.4
4 mT 24 × 10
0.48
24 x 10* = 0.02 x 10*
R= 200 cm
Example 3.14.3 A wedge shaped air film, having an angle of 45 sec., is illuminated by
monochromatic light and fringes are observed vertically through a microscope. The
distancemeasured between the consecutive fringes is 0.12 cm, calculate the wavelength of
ight used.
Solution:
45X TT
G = 45 sec rad
60 × 60× 180
141.13 141.13 X 10-3
64800 648
9= 0.2177 x 10 rad
B= 0.12 cm
À =?
B= 2d9
= 2x0.2177 × 10x0.12
DUCS
0.24 x 0,21 77 x 10
= 0.05224 x 10
8
A = 5224 x 10 Cm
2= 5224 A°
Example 3.14.4 Newton 's rings are observed in reflected light of A S900 A° The
iameter of the 5 dark ring is 0.4 cm. Find the radius of curvature of the lens and tho
thickness of the air film.
Solution :
A= 5900 A° De=0.4 cm, R=? t=?
= 5900x 10 m
D´ = 4nR
R =
4na
(0.4) 0.16
x X10
R=
4x5×5900 ×10 20 × 5900
0.16
118 10 = 0.00135593 x10°
R = 135.59 cm
2 (0.2)'
0.04
t=
2R2x 135.59 2x 135.59
0.04
0.0001475
271.18
| t = 1.481 × 10 cm
*
Example 3.14.5 f the diameter of 5" and 14" dark rings are 0.525 cm and 0.900 cm
respectively in aNewton 's rings experiment, find the diameter of 23 ring.
Solution :
D. = 0.525 cm Ds =?
D,, = 0.900 cm
R=
D
m -D.(0.900 -(0.525)
4(m -n) 4(14 5)
RÀ = 0.01486
D,, =4nàR= 4x 23 x (0.01486)
D,, = 1.3672
D,,
23 = 1.1692 cm
Fxample 3.14.6 Aparallel beam of light of wavelength 5900 A°is incident on a thin film
fRI. 1.$, such that the angle of refraction into the film is 60° Calculate the smallest
rhickness ofthefiim which make it appear dark by reflection.
Solution: Given:
-5900 A° = 5900 x 10 °cm, u = 1.5, Zr= 60°
For smallest thickness, n =1, t=?
For dark the condition is,
2 ut coS r = n,
nà 1x 5900 x 10
t =
2 ucoS I 2x 1.5 Xcos (60)
5900 x 108
3933.33 x 10
1 cm =
cm
2x 1.5 X
t =3.933 x10 cm
Example 3.14.7 4 soap film ofthickness2.5x10 emandR.l.7isilluminatedby white
light incident at an angle of 45 The light reflected by itis examined by aspectroscope in
which [Link] band is found for a wavelength of 4.5 x 10 [Link] the order of
interferenceband
Solution :
4
Given : t = 2.5x 10 cm
2i= 4s
2 = 4.5x 10 cm
n =?
i) By Snell's law
sin 1
Sin r
sin (45)
5
4
1
r =sin (0.68072)
Zr = (42.899)°
ii) Condition for dark band is,
2 ut coS r = nà
2 utcOS I
n =
5 4
2xx2.5 x 10X cos(42.899)
4.5 x 10
= 1.017x 10
n = 101.7=107
Order of interference is = 107
Example 3.14.8 A soap having R.I. 1.33 and thickness 5 X10 cm is viewed at anangle of
35°to the normal. Find the wavelength of light in the visible spectrumwhich will be absent
from the reflected light.
Solution:
Given : u = 1.33
t = 5x 10 cm
2i= 35°
sin i
By snell's law, u sin r
sin r = sin (3S)
1.33
r= sin (0.4312)
I = 25.550
For dark condition,
2 ut cos r = nà
A = 2× 1.33 xx5x 10xcos (25.55)
n
12000
n
A°
Put n = 1,2,3, 4..
for n= 1, 2, = 12,000 A
for n=2, 2 =6000 A°
for n=3, 12,0004000 A°
3
for n = 4,
12,000
4 =3000 A°
1, and A, i.e. 6000 A° and 4000° Which lies in visible region, will be absent in reflected
system.
Example 3.14.94 wedge shaped air film, havnganangle of45sec is iluminated by
monochromatic light and fringes are observed verticallythrough4 microscope. The
distance measred betweenthe consecuivefinges is 018cm, calculate the wavelength of
light used.
Solution:
Given : 45
= 45 sec =
60 x 60
X 180 rad
3
=0.2177x 10° rad
W or ß = 0.18 cm
2 = ?
We have, fringe width is,
W or ß =
20 L
2x 45 x 3.17 x 0.18
À- 20ß 3600 × 180
3
= 2x 0.2177 x 10 x0.18
= 0,078372 x 10 cm
A = 7837.2 x 10 cm
A= 7837.2 Ao
Example 3.14.10 4 beam of monochromatic light of wavelength 5.82 x 10 mfalls
normally on a glass wedge with the wedge angle of 20 sec of an arc. If R.I. of glass is i5.
fAind the number of dark fringes per cm of the wedge length.
20 X T
Solution: Given : a = 20sec rad.
60 x60× 180
7
A = 5.82 × 10 m
u = 1.5,
Number of dark fringes per cm=?
.: We have, fringe width,
5.82 x 10 x 60x 60 x 180
W = 2 mm
20L 2x 1.5 × 20 × TI
W = 0.2 cm
.:. Number of dark fringes per cm =5 per cm
Example 3.14.11 Fnd the separation between consecutive bright fringes, i tuo optically
glass strips of length 10 cm are place one over ihe oiher and a thin foil of thickness
0.002 mm is introduced betyween the plates at one end to forman air flm. he wavelength
incidentlightis 5900A
Solution :We have fringe width,
consecutive bright fringes,
2uo Separation between two
W =
for air, = 1
W= ..(1)
20
Ph
Fig. 3.14.1
From Fig. 3.14.1 thickness of foil.
t
tan = X
t = X· tan
t = X .9 ...(as is very small)
t .002 x 10-!
X 10
-2x 10 rad.
From (1),
5900 x 108
W=
2x (2 x 10 ) =
1475 x 10 cm
W = 1.475 cm
Example 3.14.12 A glass microscape lens u1.50) iscoatedwith magnesiumfuoride
u=1.38) flm to increase the transmission of normally incident vellow light
(a= 5800A9. What minimum film thickness should be deposited on the lens
Solution : Given : u, = 1.50, Hap = 1.38, 2 = 5800 A°
:. Minimum film thickness for AR is,
5800
min = 1050 A
4 WAR 4× 1.38
Example 3.14.13 Caleulate the minimum thickness of asoap tlm which will appear dark
nd bright whenitis illuminatedby alight of wavelength 60004 °normally ?
Solution: Given :u=l43.
1.43,22 = 6000 A°, r=0°
For dark band, 2 utcos r=
nA
. 2x 143 xtX cos 0 = 1%6000 × 10
Cs
t 2.1 x10 cm
For bright band,
2 ut coS r = - (2n ±t 1)$
2x1.43 xtx cos 0= (2x1-1);
t= = 1.048x 10 cm
4u
Example 3.14.14 White light falls at angle of 45 °on a thin film of soap bubble having
refractive index 1.33. At what minimum thickness of the ftlm it will appear bright yellow of
wvelength 5896 A°in the reflected system.
Solution: Given:u=1.33, Zi=45°,= 5896 A° =5896 x 10 Cm
sin i
Sin r .. Snell's law
sin 45
1.33 =
Sin r
r =32.12 for n = 1(Minimum thickness)
For brightness, 2 ut coS r = (2n-1), (n =1,2, 3 ...)
2x 1.33 xtx co (32.12) = 5896 x 10
2
t= 1.31 x 10 Cm
Example 3.14.15 In an experiment with Michelson
consecutive positions of the movable mirror for the Interferometer the readings of wo
found to be l.2829 mm and l.5774 maximum distinctness of finges were
mm. If the mean wavelength o
D-lines are 5893 Afnd the difference sodu
between two wavelengths.
Solution:Given : d, = 12829 mm, d, =
1.5774 mm
=5893 A°, A, =?
Formula, A = 2 (5893 x 10-10
2(d, - d,) 2(1.5774 - 1.2829)x
10
58960015.28 x 10 m=5,896 x 100 m
A = 5.896 A°
Example 3.14.16| Fringes of equal inclination are observed in a Michelson interferometer,
As one of the mirrors is moved back by 1mm, 3663 fringes move out from the centre of the
pattern. Calculate the wavelength of light used.
3
Solution:Given: Ad= l mm =1x 10 m, N=3663
Formula, 2= 2(Ad)
N
-3
2x1x 10 3
3663
0.0005460005 × 10° m
10
5460 x 10 m
= 5460 A°
the highest order of spectrumwhich may be seen with light of
Example 3.14.19 What is
A°bv means ofa grating with 3000 lines/cm.
wielength 5000
Solution:
-8
= 5000 A° = 5000 x 10 cm
Given :
N= 3000 lines/cm
For largest/highest order, = 90
.. sin = 1.
Formula,
(a+ b)sin = n
(a + b) = n
n=
(a+b)
n =
1
NÀ
1 1
3000 × 5000 x 10 15× 10"x 10
1
sX 10»=0.0666 x 1o?
10
n =6,6
Example 3.14.20 Aplane grating has 15, 000 lines per inch. Find the angle of separation
nd
ofS408A °and 5016A°lines of heliumin the second order spectrum.
S o l u t i o n :
N 15,000 lines per inch
2.54 2.54
(a + b) = cm
N 15,000
A, = 5408 A°
A, = 5016 A°
n = 2
Formula,
(a + b) sin = nà
(a + b) sin 6, =n (a + b) sin 6, n,
1 nà, (2× 5408 × 10 °x 15,000)
0, =
= siniat=sin
+ 2.54
0, = sin (0.6387)
0, = (39.6949)
nà2 (2x 5016x 10 x 15,000)
= Sin sin
(a + b) 2.54
-1
0, = sin (0.59244)
0, = 36.3303
. Angular separation (0, ~ 0,) = 39.6949 36.3303 = (3.36)°
Example 3.14.21 Caleuate the angles at which the frst dark band and the next brigh
bandareformedinthefraunhofer diffraction pattern at aslit 0.3 mm wide.
Solution: Given:2= 5890 A° = 5890 ×10 cmn
a =0.3 mm =0.3 x 10 cm
In single slit fraunhofer diffraction minimais,
a sin 9 = mà, ... m= 1, 2,3...
For first minima,
m=l
a sin 0 = 1
5890 × 10
sin 0 = 0.00196
0.03
-1
0 = sin(0.00196)
e9==(6.7)Y ’ (0.1122998) rad
For first maxima, m=1
asin (2 mt 1)%
a sin =
32
2
32 3x5890 ×10
.. a sin = = 0.00294
2a 2x0.03
0= sin (0.002954) ’ (0.16844) rad
9 = 9°.65