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Multithreading Java Notes

Multithreading in Java allows multiple threads to run concurrently, improving performance through multitasking. Key concepts include thread creation methods (extending Thread class or implementing Runnable), thread lifecycle states, synchronization to prevent race conditions, and inter-thread communication for coordination. Additionally, Java provides tools for concurrency management and highlights differences between concurrency and parallelism, as well as multithreading and multiprocessing.

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3 views2 pages

Multithreading Java Notes

Multithreading in Java allows multiple threads to run concurrently, improving performance through multitasking. Key concepts include thread creation methods (extending Thread class or implementing Runnable), thread lifecycle states, synchronization to prevent race conditions, and inter-thread communication for coordination. Additionally, Java provides tools for concurrency management and highlights differences between concurrency and parallelism, as well as multithreading and multiprocessing.

Uploaded by

malyalsneha
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© All Rights Reserved
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Multithreading in Java - Complete Notes

1. What is Multithreading?

Multithreading is a core concept in Java where multiple threads (lightweight subprocesses) run concurrently.

It improves performance by allowing multitasking within a single program.

2. Thread Creation Methods

- Extending Thread class: Create a class that extends Thread and override run().

- Implementing Runnable interface: Implement Runnable, override run(), and pass it to a Thread object.

3. Thread Lifecycle

States: New - Runnable - Running - Waiting/Blocked - Terminated.

Control methods: start(), sleep(), join(), isAlive().

4. Thread Priority

Java threads have priorities (1 to 10). JVM uses priority as a scheduling hint.

MIN_PRIORITY (1), NORM_PRIORITY (5 - default), MAX_PRIORITY (10).

5. Synchronization

Prevents multiple threads from accessing shared resources simultaneously.

Use synchronized methods or blocks to avoid race conditions.

6. Inter-Thread Communication

Used for coordination between threads. Methods: wait(), notify(), notifyAll().

Must be used inside synchronized blocks. Useful for producer-consumer problems.

7. Concurrency

Concurrency means multiple tasks are in progress at once. Java achieves concurrency using threads.

Java provides advanced tools like ExecutorService, Callable, Future for better concurrency control.
Multithreading in Java - Complete Notes

8. Thread with Applet

Applets can use threads for animations or timers. Use init() to start the thread, run() for logic, and paint() to

update the display.

Example: A counter applet updating every second.

9. Key Differences

- Concurrency vs Parallelism: Concurrency = tasks in progress, Parallelism = truly simultaneous tasks.

- Multithreading vs Multiprocessing: Multithreading = one process, multiple threads; Multiprocessing =

multiple processes.

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