Cover Page
SCIENCE PROJECT
Topic: Ozone Depletion and its Effects
Name: ______
Class: X
Roll No.: ____
School: ______
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Certificate
This is to certify that __________ of Class X has successfully completed this Science project titled
'Ozone Depletion and its Effects' under the guidance of the Science teacher.
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Acknowledgement
I express my sincere gratitude to my Science teacher, my parents and my school for their valuable
guidance and encouragement in completing this project.
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Index
[Link]
[Link]
[Link] Layer
[Link] Depletion
[Link]
[Link] Hole
[Link] on Humans
[Link] on Environment
[Link]
[Link] Protocol
[Link]
[Link]
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Introduction
The ozone layer is a protective shield in the stratosphere between 15 and 35 km above Earth. It
absorbs most harmful ultraviolet rays from the Sun and protects all living organisms. Due to
pollution and ozone-depleting chemicals, this layer has become thinner, creating a major
environmental problem.
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What is Ozone?
Ozone (O3) is a molecule made of three oxygen atoms. It is different from oxygen (O2). In the
stratosphere it is useful because it blocks UV radiation.
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Ozone Depletion
Ozone depletion means the gradual reduction in the amount of ozone in the stratosphere. Chlorine
and bromine released from man-made chemicals destroy ozone molecules.
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Causes
Main causes include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) from old refrigerators and air conditioners, aerosol
sprays, halons, industrial solvents and nitrous oxide. One chlorine atom can destroy thousands of
ozone molecules.
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Ozone Hole
The ozone hole is a region of severe ozone depletion that appears mainly over Antarctica during
spring. Scientists monitor it every year.
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Effects
More UV rays reach Earth causing skin cancer, cataracts, sunburn, weaker immune system,
damage to crops, forests, phytoplankton and marine ecosystems.
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Prevention
Use ozone-friendly products, replace CFC equipment, service refrigerators and ACs, save
electricity, spread awareness and follow environmental laws.
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Montreal Protocol
Signed in 1987, the Montreal Protocol is an international agreement to phase out ozone-depleting
substances. It is regarded as one of the world's most successful environmental treaties.
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Conclusion
Protecting the ozone layer is essential for a healthy planet. Governments, industries and citizens all
have a responsibility to reduce pollution and use eco-friendly technology.
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Bibliography
NCERT Science Class X
School Notes
Britannica Encyclopedia
Environmental Science Reference Books
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