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The document discusses the principles and characteristics of thermocouples, which are devices made of two dissimilar metal wires that generate an electromotive force when subjected to a temperature difference. It highlights the importance of sampling and gradual cooling methods for accurate temperature measurement and the advantages of thermocouples over conventional thermometers, such as their size, cost-effectiveness, and versatility in extreme conditions. Additionally, it notes that the relationship between temperature and thermo-electromotive force is complex and not always linear, necessitating careful analysis.

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3 views2 pages

Question

The document discusses the principles and characteristics of thermocouples, which are devices made of two dissimilar metal wires that generate an electromotive force when subjected to a temperature difference. It highlights the importance of sampling and gradual cooling methods for accurate temperature measurement and the advantages of thermocouples over conventional thermometers, such as their size, cost-effectiveness, and versatility in extreme conditions. Additionally, it notes that the relationship between temperature and thermo-electromotive force is complex and not always linear, necessitating careful analysis.

Uploaded by

jimo.anhphu
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Question

Question 1: Thermocouple is a closed circuit consisting of two dissimilar metal wires A and B welded
into contact with each other. If the two welds 1 and 2 are kept at different temperatures T1 and T2
(with T1 > T2), then the thermoelectric current and thermoelectric force E will appear in the
thermocouple.

-The cause of the generation of electromotive force is that when the two metals come into contact at
the two weld joints, electron diffusion occurs from the metal with a larger free electron density to
the metal with a smaller free electron density.

Question2: The magnitude of the thermodynamic force depends on the nature of the two metals
and the temperature difference between the two solder joints of the thermocouple.
Formular for the thermodynamic: E=∁∗( t 1−t 2 ) (Thermocouple constant C).

Question 3: Because thermocouples respond quickly to temperature changes and can be used with a
wide range of metal wires depending on the intended use, sampling is required before using a
thermocouple to measure temperature. This is because different metals have different temperature
ranges, so taking samples beforehand helps prevent damage and explosions when measuring.

Question 4: Gradual cooling is a better method for thermocouple sampling in hot welds due to its
ability to reduce heat dissipation and thermal resistance, observe stress and pressure changes, and
control test conditions better. experience. This is especially useful because it helps avoid damage to
laboratory equipment during testing due to changes beyond the limits of the instrument used.

Question 5: Before using a thermocouple, we need to test


Thermocouple; that is, we need to study thetemperature range
(depending on the type of thermocouple) where the
thermoelectromotive force islinearly dependent on the temperature
difference (T1 - T2) between its two junctions. Therefore, the
graphrepresenting the function is a segment, and the constant C is
calculated as follows:
Question 6: Compared to conventional thermometers, thermocouples offer two main advantages:
they are typically smaller and may be utilized across considerably larger temperature
[Link] are reasonably priced, straightforward, robust, and simple to build. They may
be used to monitor the temperature of little things, like insects, by using incredibly small wire.
Thermocouples may be installed in challenging places like body cavities or harsh settings like nuclear
reactors and are useful across a very wide temperature range.

Question 7: The thermo-electromotive force does not always increase on raising the temperature of
the hot junction. In the case of a thermocouple, the thermo-electromotive force depends on the
temperature difference between the two junctions. As the temperature of the hot junction increases,
the thermo-electromotive force may not increase linearly. The relationship between the thermal
electromotive force and the temperature difference is complex and depends on the specific
characteristics of the thermocouple materials. Therefore, the behavior of the thermo-electromotive
force with respect to temperature change is not always straightforward and requires careful
investigation and analysis.

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