CLASIFICATION OF ORGANISMS
After studying this chapter, you will be able to mention particular charistics owned by
every kingdom and Mention examples of organisms included in each kingdom.
Organisms have similarities and differences, this can be seen from the abudance of the
species of plants and animal around us.
The objective of the classification is to simplify the diverse object. Before making
classification, Identification is carried out first. Identification is done on the base of external
similarities or differences (morphology), body structure (anatomi) physiology, behavior dan
chromosome. Organism having similarities in characteristics are gruped into a unit or taxon. The
taxons are arranged from the highest to the lowest.
Kingdom : Kerajaan (organism have only a few similrities of characteristics
are grouped into higher taxon level)
Devisio/filum : Devisi
Class : Kelas
Ordo : Bangsa
Family : suku
Genus : marga
Species : jenis (organism which have many common characteristics are
grouped into lower taxon)
RH. Whittaker divided the classification system into 5 kingdoms, they were:
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia.
JENIS - JENIS KINGDOM b) Dicotil (Tumbuhan biji berkeping
Menurut Whittaker dibagi dua)
menjadi 5 Kingdom, yaitu
sebagai berikut. 5. ANIMALIA
a. Invertebrata (tak bertulang
1. MONERA belakang)
a. Bakteri 1. Porifera (binatang spons)
b. Alga Biru a) Calcarea
b) Hexactinellida
2. PROTISTA c) Demospongia
a. Protozoa (mirip hewan) 2. Coelenterata (Binatang berongga)
1) Rhizopoda (kaki semu) a) Anthozoa
b) Hydrozoa
2) Flagellata (bulu cambuk) c) Hydra
3) Ciliata (bulu getar) d) Obelia
4) Sporozoa (hewan berspora) e) Pyusalia
b. Alga (mirip tumbuhan) 3. Platyhelmintes (Cacing pipih)
1) Chloropyta (alga hijau) a) Turbellaria (cacing berambut getar)
2) Rhodopyta (alga merah) b) Trematoda (cacing lengkap)
3) Phaeophyta (alga coklat) c) Cestoda (cacing pita)
4) Chisopyta (alga 4. Nemanthelmintes (cacing gilig)
pirang/keemasan) a) Ascaris lumbricoides (cacing perut)
c. Fungi (Mirip Jamur) b) Necator americanus atau
1) Oomycota Ancylostoma duodenale
2) Myxomicot c) Enterobius vermikularis ( cacing
kremi)
3. FUNGI d) Wuchereria bancrofti (cacing filarial)
a. Ascomycota e) Trichinella spiralis (cacing otot)
b. Basidiomycota 5. Annelida
c. Zygomycota a) Polychaeta (cacing berambut banyak)
d. Deuteremycota b) Olygochaeta (cacing berambut
e. Lichenes sedikit)
c) Hirudinea (lintah)
f. Mikoriza
6. Mollusca (hewan lunak)
a) Gastropoda (siput)
4. PLANTAE
b) Bivalvia
a. Bhryophyta (tumbuhan lumut) c) Cephalopoda (cumi cumi, gurita)
1) Hepaticae (lumut Hati) d) Amphineura
2) Musci (lumut daun) e) Scapopoda
b. Pteriodophyta (tumbuhan paku) 7. Echinodermata (binatang laut)
c. Spermatophyta (tumbuhan biji) a) Asteroida (bintang laut)
1) Gymnospermae (tumbuhan biji b) Echinoidea (landak laut)
terbuka) c) Ophiuroidea (binatang ular)
d) Crinoidea (lilia laut)
2) Angiospermae (tumbuhan biji
e) Holothuroidea (mentimun laut)
tertutup) 8. Arthropoda (hewan berbuku-buku)
a) Monocotil (Tumbuhan biji a) Insecta (serangga)
berkeping satu) b) Crustacea (udang)
c) Arachnida (laba-laba)
d) Chilopoda (lipan) 2) Amfibi
e) Diplopoda (keluwing) 3) Reptilia
4) Aves (burung)
b. Vertebrata (bertulang belakang) 5) Mamalia
1) Pisces (ikan)