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Study Guide 2nd

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Present Perfect tense, including its structure for affirmative, negative, and question forms, as well as the differences between 'been' and 'gone'. It also explains the usage of 'for' and 'since', the distinctions between Present Perfect and Simple Past, and lists common irregular verbs and food adjectives. Additionally, it includes vocabulary related to health problems and useful expressions for communication at a doctor's office.

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ximhergom12
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3 views6 pages

Study Guide 2nd

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Present Perfect tense, including its structure for affirmative, negative, and question forms, as well as the differences between 'been' and 'gone'. It also explains the usage of 'for' and 'since', the distinctions between Present Perfect and Simple Past, and lists common irregular verbs and food adjectives. Additionally, it includes vocabulary related to health problems and useful expressions for communication at a doctor's office.

Uploaded by

ximhergom12
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PRESENT PERFECT

Structure
Affirmative

Subject + have/has + past participle

 I have visited Puebla.


 She has studied English.

Negative

Subject + haven't/hasn't + past participle

 I haven't finished my homework.


 He hasn't arrived yet.

Questions

Have/Has + subject + past participle?

 Have you seen this movie?


 Has she eaten lunch?

BEEN vs GONE
BEEN

The person went somewhere and returned.

 I have been to Cancún.


 She has been to Japan twice.

GONE

The person went somewhere and is still there.

 My father has gone to work.


 Sara has gone to the supermarket.
Remember

Been = went and came back

Gone = went and is still away

FOR vs SINCE
FOR = Duration

Used to express a period of time.

Examples:

 for two years


 for five months
 for three days

Sentence:

 I have lived here for five years.

SINCE = Starting Point

Used to express when something started.

Examples:

 since 2020
 since Monday
 since January

Sentence:

 I have lived here since 2020.


ALREADY, YET, JUST
ALREADY

Used for something that happened earlier than expected and it can be between the auxiliary
and verb or at the end.

 I have already finished my homework.


 I have finished my homework already.

YET

Used in questions and negative sentences.

 I haven't finished yet.


 Have you finished yet?

JUST

Used for something that happened a very short time ago.

 I have just arrived.


 She has just eaten lunch.

PRESENT PERFECT vs SIMPLE PAST


Present Perfect
Use it when:

 The exact time is not important.


 You talk about experiences.
 The action has a connection to the present.

Examples:

 I have visited Mexico City.


 She has eaten sushi before.
Common Time Expressions

 ever
 never
 already
 yet
 just
 for
 since
 today
 this week/month/year

Simple Past
Use it when:

 The action happened at a specific time in the past.


 The action is completely finished.

Examples:

 I visited Mexico City last year.


 She ate sushi yesterday.

Common Time Expressions

 yesterday
 last week
 last year
 in 2024
 two days ago

IRREGULAR VERBS
Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle
begin began begun
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
drink drank drunk
fly flew flown
go went gone
eat ate eaten
Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle
write wrote written
take took taken
see saw seen
speak spoke spoken
know knew known

FOOD ADJECTIVES
Study These Words
Word Meaning
juicy full of juice
sour acidic taste
raw not cooked
spicy hot flavor
bitter sharp unpleasant taste
sweet sugary taste
frozen kept very cold
fresh recently made or picked

Examples

 Mangoes are sweet and juicy.


 Lemons are sour.
 Sushi is often raw.
 Tacos can be spicy.

AT THE DOCTOR'S OFFICE


Body Parts Health Problems
 ankle  a cold
 back  a cough
 cheek  a cut
 chest  earache
 chin  fever
 elbow  flu
 finger  sore throat
 forehead  stomach ache
 knee  toothache
 neck
 shoulder
 throat
 thumb
 toe

Useful Expressions
 My throat hurts.  You should rest.
 I have a fever.  You should drink more water.
 My knee is sore.  You should take this medicine.
 I don't feel well.  You should stay home.
 I have a stomach ache.  You should get some sleep.

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