ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Microsoft Windows
Server 2022 Foundation 1

Course Objectives

Course Objectives
• Provide baseline Microsoft Server
operating system skills
• Lists the topics which most front-line
technicians will encounter
• Provide lab time for hands-one
experience
• Discuss new technologies
• Review existing technologies

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Prerequisite Skills

• Microsoft Server Foundation 1

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Agenda

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5

AM Course
Introduction
module 1
Lunch

PM

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Introductions

• Name
• Company
• Job Role
• Experience
• Expectations

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Installing, Configuring,
and Managing Windows
Server 2022

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Introduction to Microsoft
Windows Server 2022

Lesson Objectives

• Describe Windows Server 2022.

• Install Windows Server 2022.
• Perform post-installation configuration
of Windows Server 2022.
• Describe the management tools
available in Windows Server 2022.
• Perform basic administrative tasks with
Windows PowerShell.

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Three Things to Remember

• Software-defined data center

• Migrating to the Cloud
• The importance of PowerShell

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What's New in Windows Server 2019/2022

• Failover Clustering no longer requires the use of NTLM.

• Server Message Block (SMB) hardening
• Built in Windows Subsystem for Linux and Windows Defender Advanced Threat
Protection
• .NET Framework 4.7 is integrated.
• Microsoft Hyper-V Server can be fully managed by Windows Admin Center

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Features of Windows Server 2022

• App Compatibility Feature on Demand (FoD) for Server Core

• Clusters Sets

• Containers

• Congestion Control with LEDBAT

• Microsoft Hyper-V

• Remote Desktop Session Host (RDSH)

• Security

• Software Defined Networking (SDN)

• Shielded Virtual Machines - Offline mode, VMConnect and

Linux Support

• Storage

• System Insights

• Windows Admin Center

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Software-Defined Data Center

• VMs
• Virtual networking
• Virtual storage

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Migrating to Cloud

• Virtualization enables migrating to a Cloud-

based platform.
• Improvements to Azure simplify management
of Cloud server infrastructure.
• SDDC is scalable and Cloud-friendly.
• Continuous intelligence capabilities with built-
in advanced analytics that help uncover
patterns and anomalies.
• On-demand scaling to support rapid growth
and cloud migration.
• Security analytics and identification of any
risks and threats within the cloud
environment.

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Importance of PowerShell

• Automate redundant tasks

• Manage IT environments at scale
• Access hard-to-find user information
• Direct access to .Net namespaces or
classes

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Installing Microsoft
Windows Server 2022

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Lesson Objectives

• Understand the process by which

Windows Server can be installed.
• Identify installation methods; for
example, bare metal, VM, PXE.

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Early Drivers Not Supported by Windows Server 2022

• Intel Chipset drivers for Dell EMC 14 Generation Servers

• Intel Chipset drivers for Dell EMC 13 Generation Servers
• AMD Chipset Drivers for Dell EMC 14 Generation Servers
• Dell PERC S130 & S140 Drivers
• Broadcom Netxtreme Drivers
• Emulex Network Drivers
• Intel Networking Drivers

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Lab: Bare Metal Installation

Goal: Install Microsoft Server 2022

using a bare-metal installation process
Time: Approximately 45 to 60 minutes.

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Configuring Microsoft
Storage Management

19

Lesson Objectives

• Disk management in Windows Server

2022.
• Import a foreign disk in Windows Server
2022.
• Rebuild a software RAID in Windows
Server 2022.

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Disk Management

• Manages all local disks on a server

• Brings disks online or offline
• Creates or deletes partitions, RAID
volumes, and dynamic disks

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Lab: Creating Dynamic Disks

Goal: Set up dynamic disks and create

a shared volume.
Time: Approximately 5 minutes.

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Import Foreign Disk Overview

• A foreign disk is a disk that contains data.

• Migrate striped, mirrored, spanned, or RAID-5 foreign disk volumes at the same time.
• Import all foreign disks from a computer at the same time.

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Rebuild an Array Overview

• A failed drive is listed as "orphan."

• Volume does not display as "healthy" until repaired.
• Repair requires a disk with as much space as a failed drive.
• Basic disk must be used to repair basic RAID-5 volume.

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Describe Windows Server 2022.
• Install Windows Server 2022.
• Perform post-installation configuration of Windows Server 2022.
• Describe the management tools available in Windows Server 2022.
• Perform basic administrative tasks with Windows PowerShell.

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Using the Remote Tools

for Troubleshooting

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Using PowerShell Commands

as Applied to Microsoft Server
2022

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Lesson Objectives

• Describe the PowerShell commands.

• Create Custom Types using PowerShell
Classes.
• Describe the functions of Server
Manager.
• Describe the functions of Server
Manager.
• Explain the basic PowerShell
commands for troubleshooting.

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Features of PowerShell 6.1 (1.0)

New and updated features in PowerShell 6.1:
• .NET global tool support
• Alpine Linux support
• Creating Custom Types using PowerShell
Classes
• Improvements in Script Debugging
• Improvements in Desired State
Configuration (DSC)
• Audit PowerShell Usage using
Transcription and Logging
• Software Discovery, Install, and Inventory
with PackageManagement

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Features of PowerShell 6.1 (2)

• PowerShell Module Discovery, Install, and
Inventory with PowerShellGet
• PowerShell Script Discovery, Install, and
Management with PowerShellGet
• New and updated cmdlets with Markdown
functionality
• New file system navigation command: Push-
Location and Pop-Location
• Compatible with 1,900+ existing cmdlets in
Windows Server 2022
• Generate Cmdlets based on OData Endpoint
• Network Switch Management
• Software Inventory Logging (SIL)

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

PowerShell Cmdlets

PowerShell Cmdlets
Add Limit Restart Show

Clear New Resume Stop

Get Remove Set Suspend

Write

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PowerShell File Types

• .ps1
• .pssc
• .ps1xml
• .psd1
• .psm1
• .cdxml

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Modules (Get-Help about_modules)

• .psm1 extension
• C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules
v1.0 is the default directory for all versions of Powershell.

• Get-Module
• Get-Module –ListAvailable
• Import-Module

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Profiles (Get-Help about_profiles)

• PowerShell profile is a script that runs when Windows PowerShell starts.

• You can use the profile as a logon script to customize the environment.

Description Path
Current user, Current Host $Home\[My]Documents\PowerShell

\Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1

Current User, All Hosts $Home\[My]Documents\PowerShell\Profile.ps1

All Users, Current Host $PsHome\Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1

All Users, All Hosts $PsHome\Profile.ps1

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Providers (Get-Help about_providers) (1)

Provider Drive Data store

Alias Alias: Windows PowerShell aliases

Certificate Cert: x509 certificates for digital signatures

Environment Env: Windows environment variables

FileSystem * File system drives, directories, and files.

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Providers (Get-Help about_providers) (2)

Provider Drive Data store

Function Function: Windows PowerShell functions

Registry HKLM: HKCU: Windows registry

Variable Variable: Windows PowerShell variables

WSMan WSMan: WS-Management configuration information

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Providers (Get-Location)

• Display the current working location:

– PS C:\> get-location

• Display the current directory for drive C:

– PS C:\> set-location C:\Windows
– PS C:\> set-location HKLM: \Software\Microsoft
– PS C:\> get-location -psdrive c

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Provider (Set-Location)

• Set the current location to HKLM in the registry provider:

– PS C:\> set-location HKLM:
• Set the current location to the environment variable provider:
– PS C:\> set-location env: -passthru
• Set the current location to the C:\ drive in the FileSystem provider:
– PS C:\> set-location C:

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Lab: Using PowerShell

Goal: Use PowerShell.

Time: Approximately 5 minutes

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Using PowerShell for

Scripting

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Lesson Objectives

• Scripting with PowerShell

• Lab: Use PowerShell to Install the
Hyper-V Role

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Scripting with PowerShell

• Cmdlets let you manage computers from command line

• Task-based command-line shell and scripting language for system administration
• Access data stores, such as registry and certificate store

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Lab: Use PowerShell to Install the Hyper-V Role

Goal: Install the Hyper-V Role

Time: Approximately 5 minutes

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Using Server Manager to

Troubleshoot

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Lesson Objectives

• Monitoring Servers
• Using Server Manager to Monitor
Storage
• Lab: Using Server Manager

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Monitoring Servers

• Provide server status

• Log events and alerts
• Locate and troubleshoot manageability
errors

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Using Server Manager to Monitor Storage

• Access disks, volumes, or storage

pools.
• Manage volumes and check for errors.

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Lab: Using Server Manager

Goal: Use Server Manager

Time: Approximately 5 minutes

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Using PowerShell to
Troubleshoot

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Lesson Objectives

• Identify basic command structure.

• Demonstrate the use of PowerShell
commands.

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Parameters

• PowerShell commands, such as cmdlets, functions, and scripts, rely on parameters

– -<parameter_name> <parameter_value>
• Use Get-Help to return the details of specific parameters.

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Command Structure Parameters

• Get-Childitem -Path c:\Temp

• Get-Childitem -Path wsman: -Recurse
• Get-ChildItem c:\Temp

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Common Cmdlets for Server Administration

Cmdlets for Server Administration

Service Cmdlets Event Log Cmdlets Process Cmdlets ServerManager
Module
• Get-Service. • Get-EventLog • Get-Process. • Get-WindowsFeature
• New-Service • Clear-EventLog • Start-Process • Install-WindowsFeature
• Restart-Service • Limit-EventLog • Stop-Process • Remove-
• Resume-Service • New-EventLog • Wait-Process WindowsFeature
• Set-Service • Remove-EventLog • Debug-Process
• Start-Service • Show-EventLog
• Stop-Service • Write-EventLog
• Suspend-Service

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Lab: Using PowerShell for Remote Troubleshooting

• Goal: Use PowerShell for remote

troubleshooting.
• Time: Approximately 30 minutes

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Describe the PowerShell commands.
• Create Custom Types using PowerShell Classes.
• Describe the functions of Server Manager.
• Explain the basic PowerShell commands for troubleshooting.

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Installing Hyper-V

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Introducing Hyper-V

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Lesson Objectives

• Describe the basics of Hyper-V.

• Identify a Hyper-V virtual switch and
how it functions.
• Explain how to build a VM environment
using PowerShell.

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What Is a Virtual Machine?

• An operating system or application

environment that is installed on
software which imitates dedicated
hardware
• Typically exists as a self-contained,
isolated environment
• Depends on parent for resources (CPU,
memory, storage, network access, and
so on)

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Benefits of Virtualization

• Resource consolidation and optimization:

– Drives up physical server usage
– Reduces data center footprint
– Balances load across physical servers
– Helps improve efficient energy use
• Improved flexibility and availability:
– Helps in fast server and application deployment
– Improves application availability
– Enables new disaster recovery scenarios
– Reduces impact of physical server maintenance

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What Is Hyper-V?

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VMs in Microsoft Windows Server 2022

• Started with Microsoft Windows Server 2008

• Two types: Generation 1 and Generation 2
• Generations 1 and 2 compatible with Windows Server 2022

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VM Files

Virtual Machine file consists of:

• .vmcx
• .vhd/vhdx
• .vhds
• .avhd/avhdx
• .vfd
• .vmrs

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New in Windows Server since 2019 Hyper-V

• ReFS Deduplication
• Storage Spaces Direct Improvements
• Windows Admin Center
• Shielded VM improvements
• Encrypted Subnets
• Simplified 2-Node Clusters

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New in Windows Server since 2019 Hyper-V

• Integration with Azure: Azure AD Integration

• Support for SCM and vPMEM
• Storage Replica with Test Failover

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Hyper-V Manager Improvements

• Local host and remote management

• Manage other Hyper-V host in same
domain
• Connect to remote host as different
user
• Manage other Hyper-V host in same
domain
• Connect to remote host using IP
address
• Manage Hyper-V host outside domain
(or without domain)

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Nested Virtualization

• Capability to run Hyper-V servers within

Hyper-V VM
• Why nested virtualization?
– Avoid vendor lock-in
– Isolation and security
– Performance efficiency
– Testing, debugging of hypervisors
– Unmodified hypervisor or guest

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PowerShell Direct

• Script PowerShell in guest operating system directly from host operating system
• No need to configure PowerShell Remoting
• Easier to automate and script VM management and configuration
• Network connectivity not required
– Guest credentials required

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Hyper-V Hardware Requirements

Hardware Features/Requirements
Processor • 1.4-GHz 64-bit processor
• Compatible with x64
• Supports CMPXCHG16b, LAHF/SAHF, and PrefetchW
• Second Level Address Translation (SLAT) (not required
for Windows Server 2012 R2)
Memory • Recommended 1 GB
• Minimum 512 MB (setup fails with <800-MB RAM)
• Required for VMs
• More memory is better than less memory
Network For external networking only
• Minimum of one network adapter
• Recommended: two or more network adapters

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Supported Third-Party Guest Operating Systems

Guest Operating System Maximum vCPUs Integration Services

Red Hat Enterprise Linux/CentOS 64 – Built in for later versions
– Download and install for earlier versions.
Debian 64 – Built-in

SUSE 64 – Built-in

Oracle Linux 64 – Built in for later versions

– Download and install for earlier versions.
Ubuntu 64 – Built-in

FreeBSD 64 – Built in for later versions

– Download and install for earlier versions.

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Hyper-V Scalability

System Resources WS2008R2 WS2012R2 WS2016/2019/

2022
Host Logical Processors 64 320 512
Physical Memory 1TB 4TB 24TB(48TB
Virtual CPUs Per Host 512 2,048 WS2022)
2,048
Virtual Machine Virtual CPUs Per Virtual 4 64 240
Machine 64GB 1TB 12TB
Memory Per Virtual Machine 384 1,024 1,024
Active Virtual Machines Per NO Yes YES
Host
Guest NUMA
Cluster Maximum nodes 16 64 64
Maximum Virtual Machines 1000 8000 8000

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Per-Core Licensing Model

In the per-core model, when server software is running in physical OSE, all physical cores on server
must be licensed.

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Licenses for Physical and Virtual Servers

Edition Physical Virtual CPU Maximum CPUs

Installations Installations
Datacenter 1 Unlimited 2 64

Standard 1 2 2 64

Essentials 1 1 2 2

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CPU Licenses

• Datacenter and Standard

• One license adds two CPUs
• License types must be same

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Virtualization Licenses

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Use Cases

• Consolidate images
• Repurpose servers
• Move files to a VM using internal virtual network

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Virtual Networking

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Lesson Objectives

• Benefits of Virtual Networking Hyper-V

Extensible Switch
• Virtual switch versus Virtual NIC
• Virtual network adapters

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Benefits of Virtual Networking

• Customization Of Access
• Administrators can quickly:
– Customize access
– Bandwidth Throttling
– Quality of Service
• Consolidation
– Simplify management Physical
Network into Virtual Network
– Reduces the overall costs of
hosting the system
– Networking Technologies such
as VMBUS and VSP/VSC

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Physical Networking vs. Virtual Networking

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What Is a Virtual Switch in Hyper-V?

• Software-based Layer 2 network switch

• Installs with Hyper-V server role
• Connect virtual machines to both
physical networks and virtual networks
• Provides policy enforcement for
security isolation and service levels
• Extensible plug-ins for networking and
security capabilities

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Types of Virtual Switch Connections

Connection Type Description

External • Gives VMs access to a physical network to
communicate with servers and clients on an external
network.
• Allows VMs on the same Hyper-V server to
communicate with each other.
Internal • Allows communication between VMs on the same
Hyper-V server and between VMs and the management
host operating system.
Private • Allows communication only between VMs on the same
Hyper-V server
• Isolated from all external network traffic on the Hyper-V
server
• Useful when you must create an isolated networking
environment, such as an isolated test domain

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Physical and Logical Networks in a VM (VMM Concept)

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Hyper-V Virtual Network Switch Overview

• Operates at Layer 2
• Shares physical switch within the management operating system
• Learns the MAC address of a VM
• Supports up to 1024 VMs with theoretical maximum of 12288 connections
• Windows Server 2022 Hyper-V supports multiple NICs
• Multiple NICs in a Switch embedded team can be configured using PowerShell or VMM

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Virtual Switch Extensions

• Microsoft Windows Filtering Platform

• Microsoft Azure VFP Switch Extension
• Microsoft NDIS Capture

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VLAN Tagging

• VLAN Tagging that are also known as

Frame Tagging
• It is used when there is more than one
VLAN
• Each header contains a unique packet
identifier that is designated for VLAN
membership
• Packet is forwarded based on VLAN
identifier and MAC address

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Hyper-V Network Virtualization (in VMM)

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Microsoft Hyper-V Virtual Network Switch Types

Type Parent OS VMs VMs LAN Remark

on Same on Remote
HV HV
External X X X X Connectivity lost temporarily
upon creation
Internal X X

Private X

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Virtual Network Adapters

• Hyper-V-specific network adapter (recommended)

– Generation 1 and Generation 2 VMs
– Requires driver that is included in Hyper-V integration services
• Legacy network adapter
– Generation 1 VMs only
– Emulates Intel 21140-based PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter

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NIC Advanced Features (1)

• MAC address
– Dynamic
– Static
• DHCP Guard protection
– Protects against malicious VM
representing itself as a DHCP
server for man-in-the-middle attacks

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NIC Advanced Features (2)

• Router Guard
– Blocks VMs from acting as routers
– Can be enabled on VM NICs and
discards the following packets:
 ICMPv4 Type 5
 ICMPv4 Type 9
 ICMPv6 Type 134
 ICMPv6 Type 137

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Managing MAC Addresses

• Static and dynamic

• Modifying MAC addresses

• Ranges of MAC addresses

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Hyper-V Virtual Networking Maximum Configuration

Windows Server 2016/2019/2022 Standard

and Datacenter
Physical (Host) Memory Support Up to 24 TB per physical server (6x) (240TB WS2022)

Physical (Host) Logical Processor Support Up to 512 LPs

Virtual Machine Memory Support Up to 12 TB per VM (12x)

Virtual Machine Virtual Processor Support Up to 240 VPs per VM (3.75x)

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Lab: Installing and Configuring a Hyper-V Virtual Switch

• Goal: Install a Hyper-V Virtual Switch.

• Time: Approximately 5 minutes

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Lab: Building the VM Environment Using PowerShell

• Goal: Build the VM environment using

PowerShell
• Time: Approximately 20 minutes

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Describe the basics of Hyper-V.
• Identify a Hyper-V virtual switch and how it functions.
• Explain how to build a VM environment using PowerShell.

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Installing Configuring
and Troubleshooting
Network Services

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Lesson 1: Networking
Features

98

Lesson Objectives

• Explain Converged Networking

• Discuss DNS Functionality Features
• Describe Network Function
Virtualization
• Discuss What's New in SDN since 2019
• Explain Networking Improvements
since 2019

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Networking Features

• Converged Networking
• New DNS Functionality
• Network Function Virtualization
• What's New in SDN
• New Networking Improvements

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Converged Networking

• Can share Ethernet adapter for several

types of network traffic
• QoS setting important for bandwidth
reasons
• Passes network traffic between VMs
• Takes advantage of NIC Teaming

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DNS Functionality (1)

• DNS policies
• Response rate limiting

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DNS Functionality (2)

• DNS-based authentication of named

entities
• Unknown record support
• IPv6 root hints
• Improved PowerShell support

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Network Function Virtualization

• Microsoft provides key virtualized

network functions with Windows Server
2022.
• Deploy a virtual appliance from the
vendor of your choice.
• Deploy, configure, and manage virtual
appliances with Network Controller.
• Hyper-V can host the top guest
operating systems that you need.

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What's New in SDN since 2019

• Encrypted networks
• Firewall auditing
• Virtual network peering
• Egress metering

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New Networking Improvements since 2019

• Dynamic Virtual Machine Multi-Queue

([Link])
• Receive Segment Coalescing (RSC) in
the vSwitch
• Low Extra Delay Background
Transport(LEDBAT)

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Lesson 2: RRAS Overview

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Lesson Objectives

• Describe RRAS
• Lab: Install, Configure, and
Troubleshoot RRAS

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What Is RRAS?

• Routing
• Remote Access
– Virtual private networking

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Lab: Install, Configure, and Troubleshoot RRAS

• Goal: Install and Configure RRAS

• Time: Approximately 1 hour

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Describe Networking Features
• Explain Network Controller
• Describe Converged Networking
• Explain DNS Server Functionalities
• Describe Network Function Virtualization

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Configuring Hyper-V

112

Lesson 1: Turning On and

Turning Off a VM

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Lesson Objectives

• Discuss power options for VMs

• Lab: Describe Turning On and Off a VM

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Power Options for VMs

• Basic Power Operations

– Turning on and off
– Resetting
– Resuming
– Suspending
• Power options accessibility
– Hyper-V Manager and VM console
– Within a VM
– PowerShell

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Turning On and off a VM

• Goal: Turn on and off VMs

• Time: Approximately 10 minutes

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Lesson 2: Create and

Apply Checkpoints

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Lesson Objectives

• Understand the purpose of checkpoints.

• Understand the limitations of
checkpoints.
• Build a VM environment using
PowerShell
• Understand different checkpoint types

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VM Checkpoints

• Standard and production

• Point-in-time images of VM
• Save state of VM
• Not for backup/disaster recovery

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Standard Checkpoints

• Bookmarks of VM and VM memory

state
• Not a full backup
• Data inconsistency when replicating
data between nodes
• Development environment only

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Production Checkpoints

• Data consistent backup of VM

• Default checkpoint type
• New in Windows Server 2016

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Checkpoint Settings

• Set in Hyper-V Manager

• Standard or production
• Storage location for checkpoint configuration files
• Specify if the host should take a standard checkpoint if a production checkpoint cannot be
taken

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Create and Apply Checkpoints

• Goal: Create a checkpoint

• Time: Approximately 10 minutes

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Lesson 3: Exporting and

Importing VMs

124

Lesson Objectives

• Understand the benefits of

exporting/importing VMs.
• Understand how to export/import VMs
in Hyper-V.

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Overview of Exporting and Importing VMs

Export

Import

Server Virtualization Virtual Machines Virtual Machines Server Virtualization

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

VM Export

• A VM can be exported regardless of

state
• Associated files bundled in export
• Exported files under export location

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VM Import

• Imported VM registered with Hyper-V

host
• Exported VM can be imported to host
from which exported or new host
• User-selected type of import

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Lab: Exporting and Importing VMs

• Goal: Export and Import a VM

• Time: Approximately 20 minutes

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Lesson 4: Configuring NIC

Teaming

130

Lesson Objectives

• Describe the features and requirements of

NIC teaming.

• Describe the Windows Server 2016

integrated solution for network card
resiliency.

• Identify the features and limitations of NIC

teaming within a VM.

• Understand the differences between NIC

teaming modes.

• Understand the concept of NIC teaming.

• Identify the benefits of NIC teaming.

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NIC Teaming Overview

• Group between physical Ethernet

network adapters
• Software-based virtual network
adapters
• Fast performance, fault tolerance

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Integrated Solution for Network Card Resiliency

• Vendor-agnostic and shipped inbox

• Local or remote management through
PowerShell or UI
• Enables teams of up to 32 network
adapters
• Aggregates bandwidth from multiple
network adapters
• Multiple nodes, switch dependent and
independent
• Multiple traffic-distribution algorithms

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NIC Teaming Within VMs

• Switch independent
• Only two VM NICs supported
• Only external switches are supported
• Each team member in VM must be
connected to a different external virtual
switch

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Teaming Modes

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Lab: Configuring NIC Teaming

• Goal: Configuring NIC Teaming

• Time: Approximately 20 minutes

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Turning On and Turning Off a VM
• Create and Apply Checkpoints
• Exporting and Importing VMs
• Configuring NIC Teaming

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137

Configuring Server
Roles

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Configuring Server Roles

139

Lesson Objectives

• Configure Server Roles Using the GUI

• Enabling Server Roles Using
PowerShell

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Lab: Configure Server Roles Using the GUI

Goal: Enable server roles using the

GUI.
Time: Approximately 15 minutes

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Lab: Enabling Server Roles Using PowerShell

Goal: Enable server roles using

PowerShell.
Time: Approximately 30 minutes

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Configuring Server Roles Using the GUI
• Enabling Server Roles Using PowerShell

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Configuring a Domain
Name System

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Recognizing Features and

Functions of DNS

145

Lesson Objectives

• Identify and explain the key features of

DNS.
• Identify steps to configure DNS.
• Demonstrate how to configure client
DNS in Windows Server Active
Directory.
• Demonstrate how to configure a DNS
forwarder in Windows Server Active
Directory.
• Explain how to troubleshoot common
DNS issues.

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What Is DNS?

• Resolve host names to IP addresses.

• Locate domain controllers and global catalog servers.
• Resolve IP addresses to host names.
• Locate mail servers during email delivery.

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

DNS Basic Concepts

• AD DS Integration - AD DS provides an enterprise-level tool for organizing, managing,

and locating resources in a network.
• Forwarders - A forwarder is a pointer to a DNS server that will be used to resolve external
DNS names.
• DNS Zones - A zone is the authoritative source for information about each DNS domain
name that is included in the zone.

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How Internet DNS Names Are Resolved

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What Are DNS Zones?

• Zones contain DNS records.

• Zones start with a DNS single domain
name.
• Added domains can be part of the
same zone or belong to another zone.
• Zones can be Primary, Secondary, or
Stub zones.

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Forward Lookup Zones

• Primary zone
• Resolve host names to IP addresses
• Host common resource records:
– A - Host
– MX - Mail exchanger
– SRV - Service
– NS - Name server
– CNAME - Alias
– SOA - Start of Authority

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Reverse Lookup Zones

• Resolve IP addresses to domain

names.
• Host SOA, NS, and PTR (pointer)
resource records.
• Many standard Internet protocols rely
on reverse zone lookup data to validate
forward zone information.

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Lab: Configuring DNS, Zones, and Replication

Goal: Configure DNS, DNS zones, and

DNS replication.
Time: Approximately 40 minutes

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Configuring Client DNS

and DNS Forwarders

154

Lesson Objectives

• Configuring Client DNS Overview

• What is a DNS Forwarder?
• Conditional DNS Forwarders
• How Forwarding Works?
• Troubleshooting: Tools and Commands

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Installing DNS Server Role

DNS server installation method:

• Server Manager
• Active Directory Domain Services
Installation Wizard
Tools available to manage DNS Server:
• DNS Manager Snap-in
– Server Manager
– DNS Manager Console
([Link])
• DNS Cmd Command-line tool
• Windows PowerShell
• Remote Server Administrative Tools

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Configure DNS Server Role:

• On the Server Manager, click on DNS

in the drop-down list.
• Select DNS Manager window to open
zone list.
• Enter any name for new zone file and
click on Next button.
• Specify the name of the zone file.
• Click Finish when done.

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Configuring Client DNS Overview

• Set a DNS computer or hostname for

each computer.
• Set a primary DNS suffix for each
computer.
• Set a list of DNS servers for clients to
use when resolving DNS names.
• Set the DNS suffix search list.

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What Is a DNS Forwarder?

• Manage name resolution for names

outside the local network.
• Responsible for handling external traffic
• Builds up a large cache of external
DNS information.

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Conditional DNS Forwarders

• Forward queries according to domain

name.
• Can be configured to forward specific
domain names to other forwarders.
• Improves conventional forwarding by
adding a name-based condition to the
forwarding process.

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How Forwarding Works?

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Tools and Commands

• Nslookup
• PowerShell
• Dnslint
• Ipconfig

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Top SST Escalation Regarding DNS

• Statically setting an external or public

DNS (Domain Name System) server in
the DNS client settings of a machine
that is joined to an Active Directory
domain.

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Identify and explain the key features of DNS.
• Identify steps to configure DNS.
• Demonstrate how to configure client DNS in Microsoft Server 2016 Active Directory.
• Demonstrate how to configure a DNS forwarder in Microsoft Server 2016 Active Directory.
• Explain how to troubleshoot common DNS issues.

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164

Installing Active
Directory

165

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

AD DS

166

Lesson Objectives

• Identify steps to install an Active

Directory.
• Understand purpose of Active Directory.
• Understand the function of a domain
controller
• Identify steps to create a group policy.
• Understand purpose of group policies.

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AD DS Overview

Logical Components Physical Components

Partitions Domain controllers

Schema Data stores

Domains Global catalog servers

Domain trees Read-only domain controllers (RODCs)

Forests

Sites

OUs

Containers

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AD DS Domains

• Administrative centers
• Context within which user accounts,
computer accounts, and groups created
• Provide authorization
• Require one or more domain controllers
• Replication boundaries

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What Is an OU?

• Container to group objects within

domain
• Use to:
– Configure objects by assigning
GPOs
– Delegate administrative permissions

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What Is an AD DS Forest?

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What Is the AD DS Schema?

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What's New for Windows Server AD

• Detect events such as a snapshot rollback.

• Install and configure cloned VMs.
• Prepare system before installing or upgrading domain controllers.
• Use PowerShell scripts to automate multiple AD DS installations.
• Control access to resources.
• Recover objects from Active Directory Recycle Bin.
• Use and manage RID pool.
• Defer index creation.

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Requirements for Group Policies

• Network must be based on AD DS.

• Computers to be managed must be
joined to domain.
• Users to be managed must use domain
credentials to log in to computers.
• Administrators must have permission to
edit group policy in domain.

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Group Policy Concepts

• Group policy objects

• Group policy links

• Group policy inheritance

• Group policy settings

• Group policy refresh applied

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Domain Controller

176

Lesson Objectives

• Understand the function of a domain

controller.
• Explain the Active Directory
components and structure.

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Domain Controller Overview

• Domain controllers
• Global Catalog
• AD DS sign-in process
• Operations masters

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What Is a Domain Controller?

• Server that hosts the AD DS database ([Link]) and SYSVOL.

• Authentication through Kerberos authentication service and KDC services
• Best practices:
– Minimum of two domain controllers in domain
– RODC and BitLocker

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What Is the Global Catalog?

• Hosts partial attribute set for other

domains in the forest

• Supports queries for objects throughout

the forest.

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What Is an Operations Master?

• In multi-master replication model, some operations must be single master.

• Terminology for single master operations in AD DS:
• Operations master (or operations master roles)
• Single master roles
• Flexible single master operations (FSMOs)

Five FSMOs
Forest Domain
Domain naming master RID master

Schema master Infrastructure master

PDC Emulator master

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181

Installing a Domain
Controller

182

Lesson Objectives

• Overview of domain controller

Installation
• Installing a domain controller from
Server Manager
• Installing a domain controller on a
Server Core
• Installation of Windows Server 2022
• Upgrading a domain controller
• Create a Domain and Add a domain
controller

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Overview of Domain Controller Installation

• Installing a domain controller from Server Manager.

• Installing a domain controller on Server Core Installation of Windows Server 2022.
• Upgrading a domain controller.

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Installing a Domain Controller from Server Manager

Deployment Configuration in the Active Directory Domain Services Configuration Wizard

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Installing a Domain Controller on a Server Core Running

Windows Server 2022
• Two methods, each a two-step process:
– Use Server Manager on Windows 2022 server with GUI interface.
– Use Windows PowerShell locally, or remotely using WinRM.

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Upgrading a Domain Controller

Upgrade Option Benefit Risk

In-place upgrade from Windows Server – Except for prerequisite checks, all files, May leave legacy files and DLLs.
2016 to Windows Server 2022. and programs stay in place.

– Additional work not required

(Preferable) Introduce new Windows New server does not have accumulated May need additional work to
Server 2022 server in to domain and legacy files and settings. migrate administrator's files and
promote it to be a domain controller. settings.

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Lab: Create a Domain and Add a Domain Controller

• Goal: Create an Active Directory

domain, and configure a domain
controller.
• Time: Approximately 30 minutes

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Lab: Using Group Policies

• Goal: Create and apply a group policy.

• Time: Approximately 75 minutes

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Identify steps to install an Active Directory.
• Explain the purpose of Active Directory.
• Describe the function of a domain controller.
• List the steps to create a group policy.
• Explain the purpose of group policies.

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Managing Active
Directory Domain
Services Objects

191

Managing Active Directory

Domain Services Objects

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Lesson Objectives

• Managing User Accounts with

Graphical Tools
• Manage groups with graphical tools
• Delegate permission to AD DS
administration

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Managing User Accounts with Graphical Tools

• Managing AD DS graphical tools:

– Active Directory Administration
Snap-ins
– Active Directory Administrative
Center
• Command-Line tools:
– Active Directory module in Windows
PowerShell
– Directory Service Commands

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Managing Groups with Graphical Tools

• Distribution groups
– Used only with email applications
– Not security enables (no SID),
permission restricted
• Security groups
– Security principal with an SID,
permission is granted
– Email enabled

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Delegate Permission to AD DS Administration

• In the event of conflicts:

– Deny permissions override Allow permissions
– Explicit permissions override Inherited permissions
• Explicit allow overrides Inherited Deny
• To evaluate effective permissions, use:
– Effective permissions tab
– Manual analysis

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Managing User Accounts with Graphical Tools
• Manage groups with graphical tools
• Delegate permission to AD DS administration

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Configuring Dynamic
Host Configuration
Protocol

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Lesson: Configuring Dynamic

Host Configuration Protocol

199

Lesson Objectives

• Install the DHCP server role.

• Configure DHCP scopes.
• Manage a DHCP database.
• Secure and monitor the DHCP server
role.

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DHCP Overview

• Overview of DHCP server role

• Configuring DHCP scopes
• Managing a DHCP database
• Securing and monitoring DHCP

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Benefits of Using DHCP

Automatic IP Configuration Manual IP Configuration

IP addresses are supplied automatically. IP addresses are entered manually.

Correct configuration information is ensured. IP address could be entered incorrectly.

Client configuration is updated automatically. Communication and network issues can result.

A common source of network problems is eliminated. Frequent computer moves increase administrative effort.

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How DHCP Allocates IP Addresses

• IP Address1: Leased to DHCP Client1

• IP Address2: Leased to DHCP Client2
• IP Address3: Available for lease

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DHCP Lease Generation

• DHCP client broadcasts a

DHCPDISCOVER packet
• DHCP servers broadcast a
DHCPOFFER packet
• DHCP client broadcasts a
DHCPREQUEST packet
• DHCP Server1 broadcasts a DHCPACK
packet

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DHCP Lease Renewal

• DHCP client sends a DHCPREQUEST

packet.
• DHCP Server1 sends a DHCPACK
packet.

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DHCP Relay Agent

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DHCP Server Authorization

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DHCP Scope

• Range of IP addresses available to be

leased
• DHCP scope properties:
– Network ID
– Lease duration
– Scope name
– Subnet mask
– Network IP address range
– Exclusion range

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DHCP Reservation

• A DHCP reservation occurs when an IP

address within a scope is set aside for
use with a specific DHCP client.
– IP Address1: Leased to Workstation
1
– IP Address2: Leased to Workstation
2
– IP Address3: Reserved for file and
print server

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DHCP Options

• Values for common configuration data

• Apply to server, scopes, reservations, and class options
• Common scope options:
– Router (default gateway)
– DNS name
– DNS servers

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How DHCP Applies Options

• Different levels
1. Server
2. Scope
3. Class (IP phones, tablets, and mobile devices)
4. Reserved client

• Class or reserved client options typically not applied

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DHCP Database

• Dynamic database containing information such as:

– Address leases
– Reservations
– Scopes
• Database files include:
– [Link]
– [Link]
– [Link] and J50*.log
– J50Res#####.jrs
– [Link]

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Backing Up and Restoring a DHCP Database

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Reconciling a DHCP Database

• Example:
– Registry: Client IP address
[Link]
– DHCP database: IP address
[Link] available
– After reconciliation: Lease entry
created in DHCP database

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Moving a DHCP Database

• Steps to Moving a DHCP Database

1. Back up the DHCP database on the
old server.
2. Stop the old DHCP server service.
3. Copy the DHCP database to the
new server and, if necessary, install
the DHCP server role.
4. Restore the database.
5. Start the DHCP server service.

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DHCP Server Role Installation Prerequisites

• Familiarity with DHCP concepts

• Operating system configured correctly
• Computer has static IP address
• Existing disk volumes use NTFS

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Configuring DHCP Scopes Overview

• Lease duration
• DHCP options

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Lab: Installing DHCP and Configuring DHCP Scopes

• Goal: Installing DHCP and Configuring

DHCP Scopes
• Time: Approximately 30 minutes

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Configuring DHCP Replication Overview

• DHCP high-availability options

– DHCP in a Windows failover cluster
– Split scope DHCP
– DHCP failover

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Lab: Configuring DHCP Replication

• Goal: Configuring DHCP Replication

• Time: Approximately 30 minutes

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Install the DHCP server role.
• Configure DHCP scopes.
• Manage a DHCP database.
• Secure and monitor the DHCP server role.

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Configuring Cluster

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Failover Clustering

223

Lesson Objectives

• Introduction to Failover Clustering

• Cluster Terminology
• Failover Cluster: Use Cases

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Introduction to Failover Clustering

What is a failover cluster?

• Independent computers working
together to increase availability and
scalability of clustered roles
• Used to increase redundancy or
performance

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Cluster Terminology

• Cluster Shared Volume

• Failover
• Heartbeat
• Node
• Quality of Service

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Failover Cluster: Use Cases

The practical application of a cluster

includes:
• Highly or continuously available file
share storage for applications such as
Microsoft SQL Server and Hyper-V
VMs
• Highly available clustered roles that run
on physical servers or VMs installed on
servers running Hyper-V

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Failover Cluster Planning

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Lesson Objectives

• Initial Failover Cluster Planning

• Basic Installation Planning
• Network Planning
• Internal Network Planning
• Installing a Failover Cluster

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Initial Failover Cluster Planning

• Evaluation of hardware and network

requirements
• Fully functional Active Directory
• Installation of Failover Clustering
feature on nodes
• Validation and creation of cluster
• Configuration of storage that is
assigned to cluster
• Fine-tuning cluster properties
• Installing clustered applications

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Basic Installation Planning

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Network Planning

Network Types
• External communication or public LANs
• Internal communication
• Storage

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Internal Network Planning

Bandwidth is not important, but QoS is

important.
• Heartbeats
• Internal Cluster Communication
• CSV I/O redirection

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Lab: Installing a Failover Cluster

• Goal: Set up a failover cluster.

• Time: Approximately 20 minutes

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Validating a Cluster

235

Lesson Objectives

• What is Cluster Validation?

• Validating a Cluster
• Cluster Aware Updating
• Using CAU to install Dell EMC
Firmware, Drivers, and Windows
Updates

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What Is Cluster Validation?

Cluster Validation categories as:

• Cluster Configuration

• Inventory

• Network

• Storage

• System Configuration

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Lab: Validating a Cluster

• Goal: Validate a cluster.

• Time: Approximately 30 minutes

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Cluster Aware Updating

Update Orchestration across all nodes in a cluster

• Automatic update process

• Update is done on schedule basis

• Little or no downtime

Two Modes

• Self-updating mode:

• Remote-updating mode:
Server 2022 Cluster Aware Updating supports Storage Spaces Direct

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Using CAU to Install Dell EMC Firmware, Drivers, and

Windows Updates
• Scans, downloads, and installs applicable
updates on each node
• Restart Node as necessary
• One node at a time
• Repeats for all cluster nodes
• Customize pre and postupdate with PS
Scripts
• Easy Manual or Scheduled launch
– Via GUI
– PowerShell
– Works for both physical or virtualized
clusters

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Configuring a Hyper-V
Cluster

241

Lesson Objectives
• Identify the key features of Failover Clusters
• Determine the Hardware Requirements and Storage
Options for Failover Clustering
• Installation and Configuration: Process Overview
• Installing Roles and Features: Failover Cluster
• Deployment configurations walkthrough
• Configure a standard Hyper-V clusters
• Creating a cluster Using the Create Cluster Wizard
• Validate a Cluster Using the Validate a Configuration
Wizard
• Creating a Cluster Using PowerShell

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Overview

• Group of independent servers

functioning as single system
• Organizationally beneficial
• Managed as single unit

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Benefits of a Hyper-V Cluster

• Failover cluster solutions

– Exchange Virtual Server failover functionality
– Maintenance and upgrades with limited downtime
– Support for maximum-scale cluster

• Protect against:
– Application and service failure
– System and hardware failure
– Site failure - natural disaster, power outage

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Limitations of Hyper-V and Failover Clusters

• Maximum 64 nodes in a failover cluster

• Maximum 8000 VMs per cluster for a server with maximum 1024 VMs on a single node
• With Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) for client computer virtualization, maximum 8000
VDI VMs per cluster with maximum 1024 on a single node
– Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1 or Windows 10

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Key Features of a Failover Cluster

• Cluster Sets
• File share witness
• Moving cluster in a different domain
• Removing the dependency with NTLM authentication

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ESTPYS03516 Windows Server 2022 Foundations I

Failover Clustering Hardware Requirements and Storage

Options

Hardware Requirements Storage Options

• Minimum two cluster networks • Storage Spaces Direct or Shared Storage using SMB 3.0

• Cluster networks designed to fail independently • Native disk support using basic disk not dynamic disk

• Recommended: Minimum of two physical independent • Cluster Shared Volumes (CSV) must be NTFS
networks
• One cluster per device for isolated storage devices
• Recommended: Multiple adapters residing on separate
subnets • Multipath I/O or NIC Teaming for load balancing

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Hyper-V Cluster Network Requirements

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Deployment Considerations

• Both a failover cluster and a clustered Hyper-V VM are required.

• If using Kerberos, Live migration must belong to Administrator group for source and
destination.
• Cluster node and network names must be replicated to DNS servers authorized for cluster
nodes.

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Installation and Configuration: Process Overview

• Step 1: Install Hyper-V Role and Clustering Feature

• Step 2: Configure Networking to Support Cluster

• Step 3: Configure Storage to Support Cluster

• Step 4: Validate Nodes for Cluster and Create Cluster

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Installing Roles and Features: Failover Cluster

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Single-Domain Clusters

• Default
• Traditional
• All nodes joined to single domain
• Prerequisites of Failover Cluster:
– All servers must run Windows
Server 2016 or greater.
– All servers must have the Failover
Clustering feature installed.
– All server hardware must be
certified for Windows Server.
– All Servers must pass cluster
validation tests.

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Workgroup and Multi-Domain Clusters

• Clusters can be deployed independent of domain topology.

• Fewer dependencies result in increased availability.

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Shared Storage: Requirements and Best Practices

• Basic GUID partition table (GPT) on master boot record disk

• Formatted with NTFS or Resilient File System
• Does not contain page file
• Not configured as a path for memory dumps
• Presented to two or more nodes of the cluster

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Cluster Shared Volumes

• Enables all Failover cluster servers to

access NTFS or ReFS volume
• Provides layer of abstraction above
NTFS or ReFS
• Provides application abstraction that
owns a LUN
• Applications can failover without drive
ownership changes
• No dismounting and remounting of
volumes
• Faster failover times

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Guest Clustering with Shared Virtual Disks

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SR-IOV and VM Mobility

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Creating a Cluster Using the Create Cluster Wizard

1. Review Before You Begin information.

2. Enter the names of cluster servers.
3. Provide the NetBIOS name for cluster.
4. Configure static IP addresses if not
using DHCP.

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Validate a Cluster Using the Validate a Configuration

Wizard
• Cluster configuration tests
• Inventory tests
• Network tests
• Storage tests
• System configuration tests

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Creating a Cluster Using PowerShell

• PS C:\> New-Cluster -Name "cluster1" -Node "node1","node2"

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Cluster Resiliency

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Lesson Objectives

• Describe Cluster Resiliency

• Understand new cluster resiliency
features.
• Identify configurable resiliency options.

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Overview

• Two new features in Windows Server

2016:

– VM Compute resiliency for east-

west traffic

– VM Storage resiliency for north-

south traffic

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VM Compute Resiliency

• Designing for cloud scale with

commodity hardware
• VMs continue to run even when a node
falls out of cluster membership
• Resiliency to transient failures

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Compute Resiliency Failure Scenarios

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Failover Clustering States

• Unmonitored
• Isolated
– Nodes that are no longer in
membership
– Nodes continue to host the VM
Roles
• Quarantine

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Resiliency Level

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Resiliency Period

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Node Quarantine

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Quarantine Configuration Options

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VM Storage Resiliency

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Configuration Options

• Enable/Disable
– Storage resiliency enhancements enabled by default

• Timeout
– Default is 30 minutes for the amount of time a VM remains in the critical pause state
before turning off

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Shared VHDX

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Shared VHDX Resiliency

• Multiple VMs are sharing a storage space and form a guest cluster to provide high
availability for applications running inside the VM
• New storage resiliency includes aware and optimized features
• Whenever a VM connection failures, the shared VHDX will move the workload to another
guest VM
• The shared VHDX will poll every 10 minutes until the VM cluster has access to the shared
VHDX
• VM with a Shared VHDX does not go into critical pause state when connection failure

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Explain the concept of a failover cluster.
• Explain the deployment of a failover cluster.
• Explain the steps to create a cluster.
• Validate a cluster.
• Configure a Hyper-V cluster.
• Describe cluster resiliency.

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Software-Defined
Networking

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Lesson 1: SDN Overview

277

Lesson Objectives

• What is SDN?
• How Does SDN Work?
• SDN Architecture Overview
• Benefits of SDN in a Data Center
• SDN Technologies

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What Is an SDN?

• Configure and manage physical and virtual devices.

• Provides virtual abstractions of network elements.
• Abstract application and workloads.
• Centrally define traffic control policies.

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How Does SDN Work?

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SDN Architecture Overview

• SDN is an approach to computer

networking that allows network
administrators to manage network
services through abstraction of lower-
level functionality.
• SDN is meant to address the static
architecture of traditional networks and
does not support the dynamic, scalable
computing and storage needs of more
modern environments like data centers.

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Benefits of an SDN in a Data Center

• Reduced downtime
• Isolation and traffic control
• Managing virtual packet forwarding
• Automated deployment of workloads

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SDN Technologies

• Network Controller
• Hyper-V Network Virtualization
• Hyper-V Virtual Switch
• Internal DNS Service (iDNS)
• Network Function Virtualization
• RAS Gateway for SDN
• Software Load Balancing (SLB)

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Lesson 2: Updating Drivers

284

Lesson Objectives

• Update from Support Site

• Firmware and Drivers Update Order
• Critical Information

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Update from Support Site

Updates will have one of three flags, depending on the severity.

• Critical
• Recommended
• Optional

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Firmware and Drivers Update Order (1)

The firmware would be applied in this order due to both practical reasons and system
compatibility reasons. Important updates are bolded.
• iDRAC firmware
• PERC drivers
• PERC firmware
• HBA drivers
• HBA firmware

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Firmware and Drivers Update Order (2)

• NIC driver
• NIC firmware
• BIOS firmware
• Power Supply firmware
• Hard Disk Drive firmware
• Lifecycle Controller firmware
• Chipset drivers/firmware

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Critical Information

When you update NIC drivers in SDN, you will need to:
• Unbind the NIC and set to private.
• Update the driver.
• Rebind the NIC, and change configuration settings back.

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• SDN Overview
• Updating Drivers

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Storage Spaces in
Microsoft Windows
Server 2022

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Lesson 1: Introduction to
Storage Spaces

292

Lesson Objectives

• Storage Spaces Overview

• Storage Spaces Features
• Supported and Unsupported
Configurations

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Storage Spaces Overview

• Organizes physical disks into storage

pools
• Expanded by adding disks
• Resilient with mirroring or parity
• Does not require external storage
devices and subsystems
• Can use internal server disks or JBODs
• Standalone or clustered

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Storage Spaces Features

• Improvement on software-defined
storage features
• Highly available storage solution with
local storage on nodes
• Simplifies deployment and
management
• New types of disks for clustered spaces

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Supported and Unsupported Configurations

Supported Configurations

• Interface type: SATA, SCSI, SAS, NVMe, and USB (Windows Client only)

• Disk drives: HDD, SSD, or NVMe

– Drives must be blank and unformatted
– Must be at least 10 GB in size

• Location: Physical drives are internal to the server or are locally attached as a JBOD

Unsupported Configurations

• Interface type: Anything not listed above, like Fiber Channel or iSCSI

• Disk drives: Again, anything that is not listed above

• Location: NAS, SAN, or any storage not internal to the server or directly attached is not supported

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Lesson 2: Basics of
Storage Spaces

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Lesson Objectives

• Hard Drive Requirements

• Storage Spaces General Definitions
• Storage Spaces Concepts

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Hard Drive Requirements

• Blank and unformatted

• At least 10-GB capacity
• Drives can be attached using various
buses interfaces including:
– SATA
– SCSI
– SAS
– USB
– NVMe
• No RAID

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Storage Spaces General Definitions (1)

• Disks: Physical disks used to store data (SATA, SAS, SSDs, NVMEs)
• Slabs/extents:
– 1GB-size slice (Shared Storage Spaces)
– 256MB-size slice (Storage Spaces Direct)
– Distributed across multiple disks and/or multiple fault domains to maintain resiliency
• Stripe: one pass of data that is written to a storage space, with data written in multiple stripes
(passes)
• Columns: Correlates to the underlying physical disks across which one stripe of data for a
storage space is written
• Interleave
– Smallest amount of data that is written to the Storage Space
– Size by default = 256 KB

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Storage Spaces General Definitions (2)

• Volumes
• Virtual disks
• Pool
• Enclosure/node

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Storage Spaces Concepts

• More than one volume can be created

per virtual disk.
• One or more Virtual Disks can be
created in a pool.
• One physical disk might have data for
more than one virtual disk.
• One or more pools can be created.
• No RAID mode
• Internal disks on servers or JBODs
must be directly attached.

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Lesson 3: Creating Storage

Pools

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Lesson Objectives

• Primordial Pools
• Creating Storage Pool Options

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Primordial Pools

• The Primordial pool will be visible as

long as there are free disks.
• These disks can be used for
replacement if there is disk failures.

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Creating Storage Pool Options

• Rescan Storage will repopulate the

cache with all the information about the
disks. It will re-read the SAS fabric
and/or internal disks.
• Upgrade Storage Pool Version is an
option to be used if the pool was
created in a previous version of
Windows.

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Lesson 4: Creating Virtual

Disks

307

Lesson Objectives

• Resiliency Layout
• Data Tiering
• Enclosure Awareness
• Provisioning
• Tiered v/s Non-Tiered

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Creating Virtual Disks Concepts

Before creating a virtual disk, the following

must be considered:

• Resiliency layouts
• Data tiering
• Enclosure awareness
• Provisioning

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Resiliency Layout

• Mirror
• Parity
• Simple

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Data Tiering

• Leverages SSD speed for demanding

applications
• Available only if there are SSD disks
• Automatic no need to configure
• Data becomes hot or cold depending
on usage

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Data Tiering (2)

• SSDs and HDDs are different tiers in

the same storage pool, but the tiers
appear as a single virtual disk.
• The operating system automatically
tiers data across different disks
• The operating system tracks data
temperature and moves data at the
subfile level.
• Write-back cache improves
performance for real-world workloads.

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Enclosure Awareness

• Distributes virtual disk data in more

than one enclosure/node
• Copies distributed so data is protected
even if one enclosure is down
• Minimum of three enclosures needed to
implement this feature

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Provisioning

• Fixed provisioning
• Thin provisioning

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Tiered vs. Non-Tiered

Non-Tiered Tiered
No SSDs required SSDs required

Provisioning: thin or fixed Provisioning: fixed only

Layout: simple, mirror, or parity Layout: simple or mirror

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Creating Virtual Disks Demo

Slide duration: 10 minutes

Slide purpose: Demonstrate how to

create virtual disks.

This demonstration shows how to create

virtual disks in Microsoft Windows Server
2022.

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Lesson 5: Disk Firmware

Updates

317

Lesson Objectives

• Updating Disk Firmware Overview

• Updating Disk Firmware: Important
Considerations
• Updating Disk Firmware PowerShell
Commands

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Updating Disk Firmware Overview

• Easily update disk firmware prior to placing a server in production

• Firmware update can be done on in-production disks if the update is critical
• Update disk firmware using PowerShell commands
• Always follow best practices from the hardware vendor
• Critical to test this procedure in a testing environment and follow release notes before
updating production environments

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Updating Disk Firmware: Important Considerations

• Consider no SAN updates.

• Use valid firmware.
• Windows does not check the integrity of
the file.
• Avoid updating on peak times.
• Disks will be offline for a few seconds.

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Updating Disk Firmware PowerShell Commands (1)

• Always check the status of physical

disks to be updated before starting the
update process.
• PowerShell command is GET-
PHYSICALDISK | GET-
StorageFirmwareInformation.
• Up to this point, SAS devices report
SupportsUpdate as true because
devices cannot be queried.

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Updating Disk Firmware PowerShell Commands (2)

• The new firmware image will be loaded to an internal staging area. I/O typically
continues.
• During the image update, the disk will not be able to respond to I/O commands.
• This process could take few seconds.

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Lesson 6: Disk
Replacement Basics

323

Lesson Objectives

• Basic Concepts of Virtual Disk Repair

• Automatic Repair: Hot Spare
• Disk Replacements: General Approach
• Disk Replacements: Basic Hardware
Sequence
• Disk Replacement: Repairing the Virtual
Disk
• Disk Replacement: Repair Status
• Disk Replacement: Using an Invalid
Disk

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Basic Concepts of Virtual Disk Repair

• Storage Spaces automatically repairs

the virtual disks when physical disks
are replaced.
• Hot spares can be used, allowing
automatic repair on the pool.
• Storage Spaces also includes
background scrubbing and intelligent
error correction.
• It allows continuous service availability
despite storage component failures.
• Only empty, clean disks can be used for
replacements.

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Automatic Repair: Hot Spare

• Hot spares disks can be used to allow

automatic repair on the pool.
• When the pool is created, one disk or
more can be marked as hot spare:
These disks will be engaged in
automatic replacement once a disk
fails.

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Disk Replacements: General Approach

• Replace the disk in the enclosure or node first.

• Add the new disk to the pool in the Windows Server 2022.
• In Windows, remove the failed disk from the virtual disk. This will initiate the repair.
• Wait until the repair process is finished.
Repair Policy
• Sequential: The process will rebuild one disk at a time.
• Parallel (default): All failed disks will be rebuilt at the same time

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Disk Replacements: Basic Hardware Sequence

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Disk Replacement: Repairing the Virtual Disk

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Disk Replacement: Repair Status

For disk repair status, run the command get-virtualdisk in PowerShell. The section
that is labeled OperationalStatus will be listed as Incomplete (in progress) or OK
(finished).

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Disk Replacement: Using an Invalid Disk

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Lesson 7: Disk Failure

Scenarios

332

Lesson Objectives

• Disk Sectors Failure

• Disk Failure
• Disk is Missing

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Disk Sectors Failure

There are four nodes: Nodes A, B, C, and

D
• A sector on a physical drive fails in Node
A.
• The system will recover the data missing
from the Node A drive by getting a copy of
the extent from either Node B or Node C.
• It will and then copy the extent to either
Node D or a blank and available drive in
Node A.
• Disks in Node C and Node D will not be
used as a destination since they already
have a copy of the extent.

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Disk Failure

• Storage Spaces retires the physical

disk from the storage pool when a disk
fails.
• Each virtual disk and then starts its
repair process. This process creates a
new copy of the extents that were on
the retired physical disk.
• The new copies follow the same logic
as disk sector failures.

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Disk Is Missing

The operating system will mark a disk as

missing when:
• It was physically removed from the
enclosure.
• It is completely dead or inaccessible.
In this scenario, Storage Spaces will do
one of two things:
• The physical disk will be retired only if
the disk is missing.
• The physical disk will not be retired if
the whole node or enclosure is missing.

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Lesson 8: Configuring
Storage Replica

337

Lesson Objectives

• Storage Replica Overview

• Storage Replica Features
• Supported Configurations
• Synchronous Replication
• Asynchronous Replication
• Information to Note

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Storage Replica Overview

• Storage Replica offers disaster

recovery and preparedness capabilities
in Windows Server 2022.
• Storage Replica enables synchronous
replication of volumes between servers
or clusters for disaster recovery.
• It also enables asynchronous
replication to create failover clusters
that span two sites, with all nodes
staying synchronized.

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Storage Replica Features

Zero data loss, block-level replication Simple deployment and management

Guest and host SMB3-based

Security High-performance initial sync

Consistency groups User delegation

Network constraint Thin provisioning

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Supported Configurations

• Stretch cluster
• Cluster to cluster
• Server to server

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Stretch Cluster

• Allows configuration of computers and

storage in a single cluster
• Some nodes share one set of
asymmetric storage and some nodes
share another
• Nodes synchronously or
asynchronously replicate with site
awareness
• Allows for automated workload failover

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Cluster to Cluster

• Allows replication between two

separate clusters
• One cluster synchronously or
asynchronously replicates with another
cluster
• Can use Storage Spaces Direct
• Requires manual intervention for
failover

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Server to Server

• Allows synchronous and asynchronous

replication between two stand-alone
servers
• Can use Storage Spaces with shared
SAS storage, SAN and iSCSI-attached
LUNs, and local drives
• Requires manual intervention for
failover

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Synchronous Replication

1. Application writes data

2. Log data is written, and the data is
replicated to the remote site
3. Log data is written at the remote site
4. Acknowledgement from the remote site
5. Applications write acknowledged

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Asynchronous Replication

1. Application writes data

2. Log data written
3. Applications write acknowledged
4. Data that are replicated to the remote
site
5. Log data written at the remote site
6. Acknowledgement from the remote site

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Information to Note

• Network bandwidth and latency with fastest storage

• Destination volume not accessible while replicating
• Microsoft's implementation of asynchronous replication is different from most
• Storage Replica is not backup

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Lesson 9: Storage Spaces

Direct

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Lesson Objectives

• S2D with Internal Disks

• S2D Stack
• Disaggregated Deployment
• Hyper-Converged Deployment
• S2D and PowerShell
• Windows Admin Center
• Storage Migration Services

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S2D with Internal Disks

• Simplifies the deployment and management of SDS systems
• Virtual disks' extents are distributed across all nodes
• Leverages SMB 3 Multichannel for all intra-node communication
• Low latency and high throughput storage with RDMA network adapters
• Eliminates the need for shared SAS fabric to connect JBODs
• Allows use of SATA disks and NVMe devices

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S2D Stack

• Scale-Out File Server

• Clustered Shared Volumes
• Storage Spaces Pools
• Failover Clustering

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Disaggregated Deployment

• Virtual machines are configured to store

their files on the scale-out file server,
which is accessed through the network
using the SMB3 protocol.
• This allows for scaling the Hyper-V
cluster (compute) and scale-out file
server cluster (storage) independently.

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Hyper-Converged Deployment

• The virtual machine's files are stored on

the local cluster shared volume and
does not implement a scale-out file
server.
• This allows for scaling Hyper-V
compute clusters and storage together
and removes the requirement of
configuring file server access and
permissions.

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S2D and PowerShell

• After the cluster configuration is ready,

the PowerShell command that is used
to start the Storage Spaces Direct
creation process is Enable-
ClusterStorageSpacesDirect.
• The pool will be created across the
cluster, and then the virtual disks can
be created normally.

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Windows Admin Center

• Windows Admin Center is the next

generation management tool for
windows server
• Windows Admin Center is used to
manage and monitor Hyper-Converged
Infrastructure running Windows Server
2016, or Windows Server 2022.

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Storage Migration Services

• Inventory multiple servers and their data.

• Rapidly transfer files, file shares, and security configuration from the source servers.
• Optionally take over the identity of the source servers so that users and apps do not have
to change anything to access existing data
• Manage one or multiple migrations from the Windows Admin Center user interface

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Lab: Create Storage Pool and Virtual Disks

Goal: Build a storage pool and virtual

disks.
Time: Approximately 30 minutes

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Concept of Storage Spaces
• Create a storage pool
• Configure Storage Spaces.
• Troubleshooting Storage Spaces
• Configuring Storage Replica
• Storage Spaces Direct

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Using Dell EMC

Diagnostics Tools

359

Using Dell EMC

Diagnostics Tools

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Lesson Objectives

• Identify the capabilities and features of

SupportAssist Enterprise.
• Add devices for monitoring using
SupportAssist Enterprise.
• View collections within SupportAssist
Enterprise.
• Troubleshoot SupportAssist Enterprise.

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Dell EMC Diagnostic Tools Overview

• Dell OpenManage Suite

• Dell OpenManage Essentials
• Dell SupportAssist Enterprise
• Hardware diagnostic indicators

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OM Enterprise

• OpenManage Enterprise is a CentOS based virtual appliance and can be deployed onto:
— Windows HyperV
— VMware ESXi
— Linux KVM
• Manages and Monitors enterprise hardware
• Added API/Framework for integrations

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What Is Dell EMC SupportAssist Enterprise?

SupportAssist Enterprise is an application that:

• Monitor Dell Devices, and proactively detect hardware issues

• Create case, and initiates contact from Dell EMC to the customer

• Support Stand-alone server from medium to large data center

• Provide remote monitoring, automated system state information collection

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Dell EMC SupportAssist Enterprise Overview

• Provides automated services for Dell PowerEdge servers (13G–14G)

– Alert Monitoring
– Case Generation
– Email Notifications
• Targeted to support 300 devices
• Uses a web console instead of monitoring tools such as OME or SCOM
• Cannot be used at the same time as other plug-ins

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SupportAssist Setup Wizard

• On the Registration page, enter the following information:
– Company Name
– Country/Territory
– First Name
– Last Name
– Phone Number
– Alternate Phone Number
– Email Address

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Agent-Based Monitoring Adding a Device

• When the Add Device window is

displayed, enter the following
information:
– IP Address
– Display Name (Optional)
– Username
– Password
• Click Add.
• If applicable, click Yes to allow
SupportAssist to download and
install OMSA.

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SupportAssist and OMSA Deployment

• OMSA is only pushed to devices that require Agent-Based Monitoring.

• If a user declines to push OMSA during discovery, OMSA can be manually pushed through the
“Actions” menu.
• If an older version of OMSA is detected, it will be upgraded to the latest version.

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SupportAssist and SNMP Configuration

• SNMP trap destinations for Windows servers can be configured:

– Manually
– Through the SupportAssist console
– Using a script file (included in the SupportAssist install directory)
• Prerequisites for using the script file:
– Microsoft Windows PowerShell version 1.0 or later
– Administrator rights
– SNMP service must be installed

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Edit Device Credentials

Steps to edit device credentials:

1. Click the Devices tab.
2. Select a device from the Device
Inventory table.
3. Click Edit Credentials.
– The existing username and
password is displayed.
4. Edit the username and password as
required and click Save.

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Accessing and Viewing the Logs

• SupportAssist Enterprise can automatically or periodically gather log information

• Information that is gathered by SupportAssist Enterprise includes:
– Hardware and software
– Software configuration
– Network Identity Information
– Event Data
• Identification Information can be filtered out of the log collections
– Settings > Preferences > Include Information in data that is sent to Dell

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System Information Logs

• System information logs are located in the following folder on the SupportAssist installed server:
– C:\Program Files\Dell\SupportAssist\reports

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Enable/Disable Automatic Log Collection

1. Click Settings tab.

2. Select Preferences.
3. Under Support Collection, select or
clear the Automatically start a log
collection when a new support case
is generated option.
4. Click Save Changes.

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Default System log Collection Schedule

Device Type Log Source Schedule

Server Windows Monthly: Monday of the first week at
12:00 AM midnight.
Server Linux Monthly: Monday of the first week at
12:00 AM midnight.
Server iDRAC Monthly: Monday of the first week at
12:00 AM midnight.

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Clear System Logs

• To clear the system event log for a system, select the device in the Devices tab.
• Under the More Tasks drop-down menu, select Clear System Event Log.
• This option is only available if the system has OMSA installed. If using agentless
monitoring (iDRAC only), this option will be disabled.

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Viewing Collection Data Overview

• Data that are collected is stored in the server on which SupportAssist has been
installed.
• Collections can be viewed using either:
• Configuration Viewer in SupportAssist
• SupportAssist Tech Console (SATC)

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SupportAssist Configuration Viewer

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Column v/s Tree View

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Identify the capabilities and features of SupportAssist Enterprise.
• Add devices for monitoring using SupportAssist Enterprise.
• View collections within SupportAssist Enterprise.
• Troubleshoot SupportAssist Enterprise.

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Using Microsoft
Diagnostic Tools

380

Using Microsoft Diagnostic

Tools

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Lesson Objectives

• Upon completing this lesson, learners

will be able to explain how to use
Microsoft diagnostic tools.

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The Windows Recovery Environment

• System Image Recovery

• Command prompt
• Startup settings

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System Image Recovery

• User provides a valid image.

• Image can reside on a DVD or attached
device.
• Existing data is safe as it is separate
from the operating system.

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Startup Settings

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Windows Maintenance Feature

• Accessed through Control Panel >

System and Security
• Runs scheduled checks of system
devices
• Provides information of any errors
found

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Troubleshooting Bluescreens
Blue Screen of Death (BSoD) is the popularized name
for what is technically called a STOP message or STOP
error. It is the blue, full screen error that often displays
after a serious system crash. If customer is having a
BSOD issue, what we should do:
• Verify and log at Delta Case/Task the BSOD Stop
Code (ex.: 0x00000050 -
PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA)
• Set the Debug to get a “Kernel Memory Dump” and
clear the “Automatically Restart” to get all BSOD
information.
• If it is possible, ask customer to send a print screen
of BSOD.
• Compress the Dump File, and upload it for internal
analysis.
• Get an up-to-date DSET and Microsoft
Troubleshooter logs and upload it as well.

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Lab: Windows Recovery Environment

• Goal: Using Microsoft Diagnostic tools

in WinRE
• Time: Approximately 1 hour

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• The Windows Recovery Environment
• System Image Recovery
• Startup Settings
• Windows Maintenance Feature
• Troubleshooting Bluescreens

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Basics of Analyzing
Performance

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Basics of Analyzing
Performance

391

Lesson Objectives

• Use the Microsoft Performance Monitor

to analyze and tweak the performance
of a server.

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Introduction to Performance Monitor

• View in real time and logfiles.

• Examine performance data in a graph, histogram, or report view.
• Standard to Windows-based operating systems

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Starting Performance Monitor

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Adding Counters

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Adding Counters (Continued)

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Check the Value Settings

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Counter Structure

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Look for Patterns

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Using _Total

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Changing Scale Multipliers on Graphs

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Automatically Set Scale Multipliers

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Creating Counter logs Using Data Collector Sets

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Creating a Manual Counter Log

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Starting and Stopping a Counter Log

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Impact of Capturing Counter Data

• Varies from 0% to 5% of CPU

– Typically less than 1%
– Depends on the sample interval, duration, and number of counter instances
• To minimize the impact:
– Log only the data that you need
– Set the sample rates slower than 15 seconds per sample, which helps keep the impact
under 3% of CPU

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Circular Log Files

• Continuously overwrite themselves

• Never grow over the maximum specified size
• Especially useful for problems that occur rarely
• Start time is the original start time of the logging
• NOS team will not ask for this type of log

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Saving a Data Collector Set Template

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Loading a Counter Log

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Avoid Loading Log Files from Windows Explorer

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Adjusting the Time Range

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Logman

• Command-line tool to automate the creation of data collector sets.

• [Link] create counter Perf-Counter-Log — This part of the command creates the
“Perf-Counter-Log” data collector set.
• [Link] start Perf-Counter-Log — Starts the logging process.
• [Link] stop Perf-Counter-Log — Stops the logging process.

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Processes and Threads

Process:
• A container for a set of resources used when running the instance of the program
Thread:
• A process that the Windows schedules for execution

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Privileged Mode and User Mode

A thread can be in one of two modes:

• Privileged Mode
– Synonymous with kernel mode
– Code execution in a processor in which all memory is accessible and all CPU instructions can be issued.
– Operating system code runs in kernel mode:
• System services
• Device drivers
– Measure by: \ Processor(*)\% Privileged Time
• User Mode
– The nonprivileged processor mode in which applications run.
– Limited set of interfaces available in this mode
– Access to system data is limited.
– The mode where application code is executed.
– Measure by: \Processor(*)\% User Time

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Privileged Mode vs. User Mode

Which type of processor activity would you expect to see for each of these applications?
Choose kernel or user.
1. Backup software
2. Database server running complex calculations
3. Database server scanning large amounts of data
4. 3D games
5. Browsing the Internet

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Processor Queue Length

• \System\Processor Queue Length—

The total number of threads in all the
processor queues
– Unlike the disk counters, this
counter shows ready threads only
and not threads that are running.
• Each processor has its own thread
queue that is sorted by priority.
• Virtual guest computers commonly
report high processor queue lengths
incorrectly.

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Thresholds for Percentage of Processor Time

• Monitor the \Processor(*)\% Processor

Time setting for all processor instances.
• Identify high CPU-consuming
processes.
• Identify which is higher: Privileged time
or user time

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Virtual Memory Concept

Virtual world Real world

Process rarely uses 100% of its virtual memory, and The virtual memory manager (VMM) manages the physical
wasteful use of memory is common. resources on behalf of the kernel.
Virtual memory is private to the process. Physical resources such as RAM and the page file are used
only as needed.
Process does not run out of memory unless it fills all its Processes are not aware of the physical resources.
virtual memory.
Process cannot exceed its virtual address space. The VMM manages only the real memory usage or
committed memory of the processes.

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Virtual Memory Concepts Continued

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Terminology

• Page: The smallest unit of memory that Windows can address. In the 32-bit and 64-bit editions of Windows and Windows
Server, the pages are 4 KB.
• Physical memory: Physical resources such as RAM, hard disks, solid-state storage can store pages of memory.
• RAM: Random Access Memory A form of computer data storage that can return data at the same time consistently
• Page file: A file on a disk that is used in place of RAM.
• Paging: Move the memory contents to disk Paging frees physical memory so that it can be used for other processes or
for the operating system itself.
• Handle: An object identifier that refers to a resource, such as a file, a window, or a registry key
• Thread: An entity that process Windows Server schedules
• Leak: A condition where a process consumes a resource and retains unnecessarily.

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Page Files

• A page file is disk space that can be

used as if it were RAM.
• You can define zero or more page files
on the computer.

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Contents of Page Files

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Thresholds of Percentage Committed bytes in Use

Counter
• Identify the processes that are
consuming the most committed
memory by using the command: \
Process(*) \ Private Bytes
• If the memory usage is necessary, and
then considers increasing the size of
the page file, increasing the amount of
RAM or both.

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Private bytes Counterthreshold

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Pages/Sec Counter

The memory\ pages/sec counter indicates the number of hard page faults.
• Pages or sec is the rate at which pages are read from or written to the disk to resolve hard page faults.
• The Pages/sec counter:
– Does not, by itself, indicate a lack of RAM.
– Does not measure soft page faults.
– Includes noncached mapped memory files or normal file I/O.
• Low available MBytes, high pages, or sec and poor page file response times indicate a lack of RAM
condition.
• High pages/sec can mean:
– New apps are starting.
– Memory mapped files
– Page-file read/writes

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Least Recently Accessed

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Trimming Working Set

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Available MBytes

• Memory\ available MBytes:

• Measures the amount of RAM, in megabytes, that are immediately available for
allocation either to a process or for system use.
• Is the sum of the zero, free and standby page lists.
• Low available memory generally indicates a lack of RAM condition.

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Thresholds for Available MBytes

• Identify the processes that are

consuming the most RAM, by using the
command Process(*)\Working Set.
• Use DebugDiag to track processes that
are leaking memory.
• Consider increasing the size of the
page file, adding more RAM or both.

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Restaurant Analogy of How Processes Use Memory

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Key Performance Indicators

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• .Basics for analyzing performance

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Automating Active
Directory Domain
Services Administration

434

Lesson Objectives

• Explain how to use command-line tools

for administration.
• Explain how to use Windows
PowerShell for administration.
• Describe how to perform bulk
operations with Windows PowerShell.

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Command-Line Tools for

Administration

436

Benefits of Using Command-Line Tools for AD DS

Administration
• Command-line tool is used to automate AD DS administration
• Benefit of using command-line tools includes:
• Faster implementation of bulk operations
• Customized processes for AD DS administration
• AD DS administration on server core

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What Is Csvde?

Exporting Objects to csv file:

• -f filename
• -d RootDN
• -p SearchScope
• -r Filter
• -l ListOf Attributes

Creating Objects from csv file:

• csvde -i -f filename -k

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What Is Ldifde?

Export Objects to LDIF file:

• -f filename
• -d RootDN
• -r Filter
• -p SearchScope
• -l ListOfAttributesToInclude
• -o ListOfAttributesToExclude

Create, modify, or delete Objects:

• ldifde -i -f filename -k

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What Are DS Command?

• Windows Server 2022 includes ds* commands that are suitable for use in scripts

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Windows PowerShell for

Administration

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Using Windows PowerShell Cmdlets to Manage User

Accounts

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Using Windows PowerShell Cmdlets to Manage Groups

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Using Windows PowerShell Cmdlets to Manage Computer

Accounts

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Using Windows PowerShell Cmdlets to Manage OUs

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Bulk Operations with

Windows PowerShell

446

What Are Bulk Operations?

• A bulk operation: Single action that changes multiple objects

• Sample bulk operations:
– Create user accounts based on data in spreadsheet
– Disable all accounts not used in six months
– Rename the department for many users
• Bulk operations can be perform using:
– Graphical tools
– Command-line tools
– Script

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Querying Objects with Windows PowerShell (1)

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Querying Objects with Windows PowerShell (2)

• Show all properties for a user account:

– Get-ADUser -Name "Administrator" -Properties *
• Show all user accounts in the Marketing OU and all its subcontainers:
– Get-ADUser -Filter * -SearchScope "ou=Marketing,dc=adatum,dc=com" -
SearchScope subtree
• Show all user accounts with last logon date older than specific date:
– Get-ADUser -Filter {lastlogondate -lt "January 1, 2019"}
• Show all user accounts in Marketing department that last logon date older than specific
date:
– Get-ADUser -Filter {(lastlogondate -lt " January 1, 2019") -and (department -eq
"Marketing")}

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Modifying Objects with Windows PowerShell

Use the pipe character ( | ) to pass a list of objects to a cmdlet for further processing
• Get-ADUser -Filter {company -notlike "*"} | Set-ADUser -company "A. Datum"

• Get-ADUser -Filter {lastlogondate -lt "January 1, 2019"} | Disable-ADAccount

• Get-Content C:\[Link] | Disable-ADAccount

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Working with CSV Files

• The first line of a .csv file defines the names of the columns

FirstName, LastName, Department

Greg, Guzik, IT
Robin, Young, Research
Qiong, Wu, Marketing
• A foreach loop processes the contents of a .csv that have been imported into a variable

$users=Import-CSV -LiteralPath "C:\[Link]"

foreach ($user in $users) {
Write-Host "The first name is:"
$[Link]
}

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Command-Line Tools for Administration
• Windows PowerShell for Administration
• Bulk Operations with Windows PowerShell
• Automate AD DS Administration using Windows PowerShell

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Implementing File and

Print Services

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Lesson 1: Securing Files

and Folders

454

Lesson Objectives

• Describe NTFS file system

permissions.
• Describe a shared folder.
• Describe permissions inheritance.
• Explain how effective permissions work
when you access shared folders.
• Describe access-based enumeration.
• Describe Offline files.

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NTFS Permissions

NTFS permissions control access for files and folders on NTFS-formatted storage volumes.
• Are configured for files or folders
• Can be allowed or denied
• Are inherited from parent folders
Permissions conflict precedence:
1. Explicitly assigned Deny
2. Explicitly assigned Allow
3. Inherited Deny
4. Inherited Allow

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Shared Folders

Shared folders are a key component to

granting access to files on your server
from the network. When you share a
folder, the folder and all its contents are
made available to multiple users
simultaneously over the network.
• Folders can be shared, but individual
files cannot
• Accessing a shared folder using the
UNC path:
– \\LON-SVR1\Sales (standard share)
– \\LON-SVR1\Sales$ (hidden share)

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Permissions Inheritance

Inheritance is used to manage access to resources without assigning explicit permissions to

each object. By default, permissions are inherited in a parent/child relationship. Blocking
inheritance:
• You can block permission inheritance
• You can apply blocking at the file or folder level
• You can set blocking on a folder to propagate the new permissions to child objects

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Effective Permissions

Access to a file or folder in Windows Server is granted based on a combination of

permissions. When a user attempts to access a file or folder, the permission that applies
depends on various factors
• Example: If a user or group is given the shared folder permission of Read and the NTFS
permission of Write, the user or group will only be able to read the file because it is the
more restrictive permission.
• When combining shared folder and NTFS permissions, the most restrictive permission is
applied
• Both the share and the NTFS file and folder permissions must have the correct
permissions, otherwise the user or group will be denied access to the resource

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Access-Based Enumeration

Access-based enumeration allows an administrator to control the visibility of shared folders

according to the permissions set on the shared folder. Access-Based Enumeration is:
• Built into Windows Server
• Available for shared folders
• Configurable on a per shared folder basis

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Offline Files

• Offline file settings allow a client

computer to cache network files locally
for offline use when they are
disconnected from the network.
• Offline files and folders are edited or
modified by the client, and the changes
are synchronized with the network copy
of the files the next time the client
reconnects to the network.

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Lesson 2: Protecting Shared

Files and Folders by Using
Shadow Copies

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Lesson Objectives

• Describe Shadow Copies

• Discuss Considerations for Scheduling
Shadow Copies
• Explain how to Restore Data from a
Shadow Copy

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Shadow Copies
A shadow copy is a static image (or a
snapshot) of a set of data, such as a file or
folder. Shadow copies provide the capability
to recover files and folders based on
snapshots that are taken of storage drives.
• Allow access to previous versions of files
• Are not a replacement for backups
• Are not suitable for recovering databases
• Are based on tracking disk changes
– Disk space is allocated on the same
volume
– When the space is full, older shadow
copies
are removed

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Considerations for Scheduling Shadow Copies

The default schedule for creating shadow

copies is Monday through Friday at 07:00
A.M., and again at noon. Create a shadow
copy schedule based on the below
considerations:
• Capacity of server
• Frequency of changes
• Importance of changes

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Restoring Data from a Shadow Copy

• Previous versions are accessible from

the Properties dialog box of a file or
folder
– Administrators can restore previous
versions directly on the server
– Users can restore previous versions
over the network
• All users can:
– Restore a file or folder
– Browse previous versions to select
the correct one
– Copy a file or folder to an alternate
location

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Lesson 3: Configuring
Network Printing

467

Lesson Objectives

• Identify the benefits of network printing.

• Describe Enhanced Point and Print.
• Identify security options for network
printing.
• Describe printer pooling.
• Describe Branch Office Direct Printing.
• Identify methods for deploying printers
to clients.

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Benefits of Network Printing

You can configure network printing by

using Windows Server as a print server for
users. In this configuration, client
computers submit print jobs to the print
server for delivery to a printer that is
connected to the network.
• Centralized management
• Simplified troubleshooting
• Lower total cost of ownership
• Listing in AD DS

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Enhanced Point and Print

Enhanced Point and Print use the v4 driver model to provide a simplified management
structure for network printer drivers
• Enhanced Point and Print provide the following benefits:
– Print servers do not need to store client print drivers
– Driver files are isolated, preventing file naming conflicts
– A single driver can support multiple devices
– Driver packages are smaller and install faster
– The print driver and the printer user interface can be deployed independently

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Security Options for Network Printing

• Default security allows everyone to:

• Print
• Manage their own print jobs
• The available permissions are:
• Print
• Manage this printer
• Manage documents

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Printer Pooling

Printer pooling is a way to combine

multiple physical printers into a single
logical unit. Printer pooling combines
multiple physical printers into a single
logical unit.
• Printer pool increases availability and
scalability
• Requires that all printers use the same
driver
• Requires that all printers are in the
same location

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Branch Office Direct Printing

Branch Office Direct Printing enables

client computers to print directly to network
printers that are shared on a print server

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Deploying Printers to Clients

Deploying printers to clients is a critical part
of managing printing services on the
network. A well-designed system for
deploying printers is
Scalable and can be used to manage
hundreds or thousands of computers. You
can deploy printers to clients by using:
• Group Policy preferences
• GPO created by Print Management
• Manual installation

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• How to secure shared files and folders
• How to protect shared files and folders by using shadow copies
• How to configure network printing

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Deploying and
Maintaining Server
Images

476

Lesson 1: Overview of
Windows Deployment
Services

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Lesson Objectives

• What Is Windows Deployment Services

• Discuss Windows Deployment Services
Components
• Why Use Windows Deployment
Services
• Discussion: How to Use Windows
Deployment Services

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What's New in Windows Deployment Services

The Windows Deployment Services is the updated and redesigned version of Remote Installation
Services (RIS). Windows Deployment Services enables you to deploy Windows operating systems.

Windows Deployment Services includes the following:

• Ability to deploy latest windows OS Version
• Windows PE is the boot operating system.
• Image-based installation, using Windows image (.wim) files
• An extensible and higher-performing PXE server component
• A boot menu for selecting boot operating systems
• A graphical user interface on the client computer that you use to select images

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Windows Deployment Services Benefits

Windows Deployment Services provides organizations with the following benefits:

• Allows network-based installation of Windows operating systems, which reduces the
complexity and cost when compared to manual installations.
• Deploys Windows images to computers without operating systems.
• Transmits data and images by using multicast functionality.
• Built on standard Windows Vista setup technologies including Windows PE, .wim files, and
image-based setup

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Windows Deployment Services Components

Windows Deployment Services provides several functions through these components:

• Windows Deployment Services PXE Server
• Windows Deployment Services Client
• Multicasting Engine
• Additional Server Components
– TFTP server
– Shared folder
– Image repository

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Why Use Windows Deployment Services

Consider the following scenarios:

1. In a small network consisting of a single server and around 25 Windows 8 computers, you
want to expedite the upgrade process of the client computers to Windows 10.
2. A medium-sized organization wants to deploy multiple servers in branch offices that are
geographically dispersed. It would be time-consuming and expensive to send experienced
IT staff to each location to deploy the servers

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How to Use Windows Deployment Services

Datum Corporation wants to deploy
several dozen new servers in their head
offices. These servers will be installed with
Windows Server 2022. The following
information has been provided to the IT
staff by management:
• The configuration of the various servers is
expected to vary slightly. There are two
basic server configurations: Full server,
and Server Core.
• Managing network traffic is critical, as the
network is near capacity.
• How would you advise staff at A. Datum to
proceed with the deployment?

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Lesson 2: Implementing
Deployment with Windows
Deployment Services

484

Lesson Objectives

• Understanding Windows Deployment

Services Components
• Installing and Configuring Windows
Deployment Services
• Managing Deployments with Windows
Deployment Services

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Understanding Windows Deployment Services Components

Windows Deployment Services prerequisites include:

• Active Directory
• DHCP
• DNS
• An NTFS partition
• Credentials
• Windows Server with WDS installed

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Installing and Configuring Windows Deployment Services

Install and configure Windows Deployment Services by:

• Installing the Windows Deployment Services server role
– Install the Deployment Server or Transport Server role service
– Perform post-installation configuration of Windows Deployment Services by:
• Specifying an image store location
• Configuring the DHCP server options, if required
• Configuring PXE server configuration

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Managing Deployments with Windows Deployment

Services
To service client computers with Windows Deployment Services, you must:
• Configure boot settings
• Configure install settings
• Configure transmission settings
• Configure drivers

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Lesson 3: Administering
Windows Deployment
Services

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Lesson Objectives

• Common Administration Tasks

• Automating Deployments

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Common Administration Tasks

There are several common administrative tasks and tools for Windows Deployment Services.
• Tasks
– Configure DHCP
– Create and service images
– Manage the boot menu
– Prestage client computers
– Automate deployment
– Configure transmission
• Tools
– Windows Deployment Services console
– [Link]
– [Link]
– [Link]
– [Link]
– Windows SIM

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Automating Deployments

To automate the Windows Setup process:

1. Create the [Link] file
2. Copy the file to the Windows Deployment Services server
3. View the properties of the appropriate install image
4. Enable unattended mode, and select the answer file

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Overview of Windows Deployment Services
• Implementing Deployment with Windows Deployment Services
• Administering Windows Deployment Services

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Implementing Update
Management

494

Lesson 1: Overview of
WSUS

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Lesson Objectives

• Describe WSUS
• Describe WSUS Update Management
Process
• List Server Requirements for WSUS

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WSUS Overview

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WSUS Update Management Process

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Server Requirements for WSUS

• Software requirements
– Internet Information Services 6.0 or newer
– Microsoft .NET Framework 4.0 or newer
– Microsoft Management Console 3.0
– Microsoft Report Viewer Runtime 2012
– SQL Server 2017, 2016, 2014, 2012, 2008R2 or Windows Internal Database
• Hardware requirements:
– 1.4 GHz or faster x64 processor
– 2 GB of RAM or greater
– 10-GB available disk space (40 GB or greater is recommended)

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Lesson 2: Deploying
Updates with WSUS

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Lesson Objectives

• Explain Configuring Automatic Updates

• Describe WSUS Administration
• Explain Computer Groups
• Discuss importance of Updates

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Configuring Automatic Updates

• You must configure the client computers to use the WSUS server as the source for
updates
• You can use Group Policy to configure clients, including the following settings:
– Update frequency
– Update installation schedule
– Automatic restart behavior
– Default computer group in WSUS

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WSUS Administration

• You can use the WSUS Administration console to:

– Manage updates
– Configure computer groups
– View computer status
– View synchronization information
– Configure and view WSUS reports
– Configure WSUS settings and options
• In Windows Server 2022, WSUS also includes Windows PowerShell cmdlets for
administration

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Computer Groups

• You can use computer groups to organize WSUS clients

• The default computer groups include:
– All Computers
– Unassigned Computers
• You can create custom computer groups to control how updates are applied

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Approving Updates

• Updates can be approved automatically, but it is not recommended

• Updates should be tested before they are approved for production
• Updates can be declined if they are not needed
• Updates can be removed if they cause problems

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Summary

Key points covered in this module:

• Describe the role of Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)
• Explain how to deploy with WSUS.

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Microsoft Windows Server

2022 Course Conclusion

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Summary

Key points covered in this course:

• Understand the new features offered for Windows Server 2022
• Define Windows Server 2022 System Requirements
• Learn about Active Directory Forests, Domains and Trees
• Install and configure Windows Server 2022 (Desktop Experience and Core)
• Understand the different Windows Server 2022 licensing options
• Install the Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) Server Role
• Using the Remote Tools for Troubleshooting

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