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Neurodev Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) begin in early childhood and impact learning, communication, behavior, and social interaction, often overlapping due to shared genetic, brain, and environmental factors. Specific disorders include Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD), Global Developmental Delay (GDD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, Specific Learning Disorder (SLD), and various communication and motor disorders, each with unique symptoms and intervention strategies. Interventions typically involve therapies, educational support, and family involvement to aid affected individuals.

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3 views9 pages

Neurodev Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) begin in early childhood and impact learning, communication, behavior, and social interaction, often overlapping due to shared genetic, brain, and environmental factors. Specific disorders include Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD), Global Developmental Delay (GDD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, Specific Learning Disorder (SLD), and various communication and motor disorders, each with unique symptoms and intervention strategies. Interventions typically involve therapies, educational support, and family involvement to aid affected individuals.

Uploaded by

poriokrystalashley
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) are conditions that start in early childhood due to atypical brain

development.

Because of this, affected individuals may have difficulties in:

* Learning

* Communication

* Behavior

* Social interaction

NDDs often overlap (comorbidity) because they share:

* Genetic factors

* Brain processes

* Environmental influences

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER (IDD)

A disorder with **deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning**, affecting


independence.

• Diagnostic Criteria

* Impaired reasoning, problem-solving, judgment


* Difficulty in daily life skills (communication, social, independence)

* Starts during developmental period

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📊 Severity Levels

(Based on adaptive functioning, NOT IQ)

Mild – Mostly independent, slight difficulty

Moderate – Needs regular support

Severe – Limited communication, needs major help

Profound – Fully dependent, minimal communication

Interventions

* Special education

* Behavioral therapy

* Speech therapy

* Occupational therapy

* Family support

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GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY (GDD)


Diagnosis for children under 5 with delays in multiple areas but too early to confirm IDD.

📌 Key Signs

* Delayed milestones (walking, talking)

* Slower development vs peers

📍 Domains affected:

* Cognitive

* Language

* Motor

* Social/emotional

* Adaptive

👉 Temporary diagnosis → needs reassessment

---

UNSPECIFIED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

— Used when intellectual disability is suspected but cannot be fully assessed.

📌 Reasons
* Cannot complete IQ test

* Limited clinical data

* Emergency situations

---

COMMUNICATION DISORDERS

Disorders involving speech, language, and communication difficulties.

📌 Types

Language Disorder – difficulty understanding/using language

Speech Sound Disorder – unclear speech

Stuttering – disrupted speech flow

Social Communication Disorder – poor social language use

Interventions

* Speech therapy

* Social skills training

* Assistive devices

* Educational support
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AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)

Characterized by:

Social communication deficits

Restricted & repetitive behaviors

📌 Key Symptoms

Social:

* Poor eye contact

* Difficulty with relationships

* Lack of emotional reciprocity

Behavioral:

* Repetitive movements

* Strict routines

* Sensory sensitivity

📊 Levels
Level 1 – Needs support

Level 2 – Needs substantial support

Level 3 – Needs very substantial support

Interventions

* ABA therapy

* Speech therapy

* Occupational therapy

* Parent training

---

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)

A disorder with inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, starting before age 12.

📌 Inattention Symptoms

* Careless mistakes

* Easily distracted

* Forgetful

* Disorganized
📌 Hyperactivity/Impulsivity

* Fidgeting

* Talks excessively

* Interrupts others

* Cannot stay seated

Interventions

* Behavioral therapy

* Medications (e.g., stimulants)

* CBT

* School accommodations

---

SPECIFIC LEARNING DISORDER (SLD)

Persistent difficulty in:

* Reading

* Writing

* Math

📌 Criteria
* Present for **at least 6 months**

* Below expected performance

* Affects school/daily life

📊 Types

Dyslexia – reading difficulty

Dyscalculia – math difficulty

Interventions

* Specialized teaching

* Tutoring

* Assistive tech

* Accommodations (extra time)

---

MOTOR DISORDERS

Involve abnormal movements (too much or too little).

📌 Types
Developmental Coordination Disorder – clumsy, poor coordination

Stereotypic Movement Disorder – repetitive movements

Tic Disorders:

* Tourette’s (motor + vocal tics >1 yr)

* Persistent (one type >1 yr)

* Provisional (<1 yr)

Interventions

* Occupational therapy

* Physical therapy

* Behavioral therapy

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