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UNIT 1: Attacks on Computers & Computer Security (5 Marks)
Important Questions
1. What is Computer Security? Why is security required in
computer systems?
2. Explain the principles of security (CIA + Authentication + Non-
Repudiation).
3. Differentiate between Active Attack and Passive Attack with
examples.
4. Explain the various types of attacks on computer systems.
5. Discuss different security approaches used in computer
networks.
6. Explain Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability and
Authentication.
Most Expected
Principles of Security
Active vs Passive Attack
Types of Attacks
UNIT 2: Cryptography Concepts & Techniques (7 Marks)
Important Questions
1. Explain Cryptography and its objectives.
2. Differentiate between Plaintext and Ciphertext.
3. Explain Substitution Cipher with examples.
4. Explain Transposition Cipher with examples.
5. Compare Substitution and Transposition Techniques.
6. Differentiate Symmetric Key and Asymmetric Key
Cryptography.
7. Explain Encryption and Decryption processes.
8. What is Key Range and Key Size? Explain with examples.
Most Expected
Symmetric vs Asymmetric Cryptography
Substitution vs Transposition
Vernam Cipher
UNIT 3: Symmetric Key Algorithms (8 Marks)
Important Questions
1. Explain the DES algorithm with neat diagram.
2. Discuss the working principle of IDEA.
3. Explain RC5 algorithm.
4. Compare DES, IDEA and RC5.
5. Explain different modes of operation of block ciphers.
6. Explain CBC mode with Initialization Vector.
7. What are the advantages and limitations of symmetric key
cryptography?
Most Expected
DES Algorithm
CBC Mode
IDEA
UNIT 4: RSA, Digital Signature & Hash Function (5 Marks)
Important Questions
1. Explain RSA algorithm with numerical example.
2. Find N, E and D for given values of P and Q in RSA.
3. Explain Digital Signature generation and verification.
4. Differentiate Digital Signature and Encryption.
5. Explain Message Digest and Hash Function.
6. Explain how Symmetric and Asymmetric Cryptography are
used together.
7. Explain Public Key Cryptography with diagram.
Most Expected
RSA Numerical :
2014: p=19, q=31 → Find N, E, D
2015: e=17, N=187 → Find private key
2016: p=13, q=31 → Find N, E, D
Digital Signature
Message Digest
UNIT 5: Internet Security Protocols & Authentication (6
Marks)
Important Questions
1. Explain SSL protocol architecture.
2. Explain SSL Handshake Protocol.
3. Why is SSL positioned between Application and Transport
Layer?
4. Explain Password-based Authentication.
5. Explain Authentication Token and its working.
6. Explain Certificate-based Authentication.
7. Explain Biometric Authentication and its types.
8. Compare Password, Token and Biometric Authentication.
Most Expected
SSL Handshake
Biometric Authentication
Certificate Authentication
UNIT 6: Electronic Mail Security (4 Marks)
Important Questions
1. Explain the need for E-mail Security.
2. Explain Pretty Good Privacy (PGP).
3. What services are provided by PGP?
4. Explain how PGP provides Confidentiality and Authentication.
5. Explain S/MIME architecture.
6. Compare PGP and S/MIME.
Most Expected
PGP Services
PGP Authentication
S/MIME
UNIT 7: Firewall (5 Marks)
Important Questions
1. What is Firewall? Explain its functions.
2. Explain different types of Firewalls.
3. Explain Packet Filtering Firewall.
4. Explain Firewall Configurations.
5. Explain DMZ Network with diagram.
6. Discuss limitations of Firewall.
7. How does a Firewall prevent IP Spoofing attacks?
Most Expected
Firewall Types
Packet Filtering Firewall
DMZ Network
Numerical
1. Given two prime numbers p = 19 and q = 31. Find N, E and
D in RSA encryption process.
2. Consider the Diffie-Hellman scheme with common prime q =
11 and primitive root α = 2.
o Show that 2 is a generator of Z₁₁.
o If user A has public key Ya = 9, what is A's private key?
o If user B has public key Yb = 3, what is the secret key K
shared by A and B?
3. For a Vernam Cipher:
o Using pad "TZQ" encode "ARE".
o Using pad "ARX" decode "YFR".
4. What would be the transformation of the message "Happy
Birthday To You" using Rail Fence Technique?
Points You Can Write In Almost Any Answer
Need/Importance
• Provides Confidentiality
• Ensures Integrity
• Provides Authentication
• Prevents Unauthorized Access
• Improves Security
Advantages
• Secure Communication
• Data Protection
• User Authentication
• Access Control
• Reliability
Applications
• Banking Systems
• E-Commerce
• Military Communication
• Email Security
• Online Transactions
Features
• Fast Processing
• High Security
• Scalability
• Reliability
• Confidentiality
Emergency Template
Definition
2-3 lines
Working Principle
4-5 points
Diagram
(any suitable diagram)
Advantages
4 points
Applications
4 points
Conclusion
"This technique is widely used for providing confidentiality,
integrity, authentication and secure communication in modern
computer networks."
Magic Keywords (Write Everywhere)
• Confidentiality
• Integrity
• Availability
• Authentication
• Authorization
• Encryption
• Decryption
• Public Key
• Private Key
• Digital Signature
• Hash Function
• Secure Communication
• Access Control
• Network Security