TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
Bachelor of Computer Application
PRITHVI NARAYAN CAMPUS
Lab Report of Microprocessor and Computer
Architecture
Submitted By: Submitted To:
Name: SURAJ GC Name: AMRITA THAPA
Roll no: 03 Department: Department of Microprocessor
Date: 2083
Semester: BCA 2nd Sem
Introduction to Microprocessor
A microprocessor is a programmable electronic chip that can perform arithmetic
and logical operations. A microprocessor helps to automate our repetitive tasks,
hence nowadays is used in almost all kinds of electronic devices such as washing
machines, air conditioners, cars, etc.
8085 Microprocessors
8085 is a general-purpose microprocessor developed by Intel in 1977. It consists
of 8 bits data bus that is it can operate 8 bits of data per unit time and 16 bit of
Address bus that is it can locate 2 power 16 = 64 kb of memory locations. It has a
frequency of 8 MHz.
8085 Microprocessor functional units
1. Accumulator.
Accumulator is frequently used register, which is used to store operand
before execution and results after execution.
2. Stack pointer is a 16 bit register use to point a memory location in R/W
memory, called the stack.
3. Program counter
It is a 16-bit register used to store the address of next instruction to be
executed. When a instruction is being fetched, the program counter is
incremented by one to point to the next memory location to be fetched.
4. General-purpose registers
There are 6 general purpose register to store 8 bit of data these are
identified as B, C, D, E, H and L. They can be combined as register pairs BC,
DE,HL to perform 16 bit operations.
5. Flags
It is a 8 bit register consisting of flipflops which holds either 0 or 1 according
to the result stored in accumulator. Five sets of flipflops are
Sign flag, Zero flag, Auxiliary Carry flag, Parity flag, and Carry flag.
6. Instruction Register and decoder
After data are fetched from memory location , data bus carry them to store
into instruction registers. Instruction decoder then decodes information
present in the instruction register.
7. ALU
AlU performs all the Logical and arithmetic operations.
8. Timing and control unit
It provides timing and control signal to the microprocessor to perform
operations. Following are the timing and control signals which controls the
external and internal signals –
Control signals READY, RD, WR, ALE
Status signals S0,S1,IO/M
DMA signals HOLD, HLDA
RESET Signals RESET IN, RESET OUT
9. Interrupt control
As the name suggests, it controls the interrupts during a process. When a
microprocessor is executing program and suddenly a interrupt occurs, the
microprocessor shifts the control from the program to the interrupt. There
are five interrupt signals : INTR, RST7.5, RST5.5, RST6.5, TRAP etc.
10. Serial intput output control
It controls the serial intput output data using two instructions : serial input
data and serial output data.
11. Address buffer and data buffer
Content of the program counter is loaded to the address buffer which
carries the address of the memory location than data buffer carries the
actual data from that memory address to the CPU.