Chapter 1 Test — Form B — ANSWER KEY
Sections 1.1 – 1.3: Circles, Linear Equations, Functions
Part I — Circles (Section 1.1)
1. State the radius and center point of each circle, then graph it.
a) (x + 2)² + (y − 5)² = 9 → r² = 9
Radius = 3 Center = (−2, 5)
b) (x − 6)² + y² = 49 → r² = 49
Radius = 7 Center = (6, 0)
2. Two points, (−3, 4) and (5, −2), are endpoints of a diameter.
a) Center = midpoint = ( (−3+5)/2 , (4+(−2))/2 ) = (1, 1)
Center = (1, 1)
b) Distance = √[(5−(−3))² + (−2−4)²] = √(64 + 36) = √100 = 10
Radius = ½(10) = 5
Radius = 5
3. Write the equation of the circle with center (2, −7) and radius 8.
Substitute h = 2, k = −7, r = 8 into (x − h)² + (y − k)² = r²:
(x − 2)² + (y + 7)² = 64
4. x² + y² + 8x − 2y + 13 = 0 — complete the square.
Group: (x² + 8x) + (y² − 2y) = −13
Complete the square: (x² + 8x + 16) + (y² − 2y + 1) = −13 + 16 + 1
Simplify: (x + 4)² + (y − 1)² = 4
Center = (−4, 1) Radius = 2
Part II — Linear Equations and Rates of Change (Section 1.2)
5. Parallel and perpendicular slopes.
a) m = −4: Parallel = −4 Perpendicular = 1/4
b) m = 2/3: Parallel = 2/3 Perpendicular = −3/2
c) m = −0.8 = −4/5: Parallel = −4/5 Perpendicular = 5/4
6. Right-angle triangle test: (1, 1), (4, 5), (8, 2).
Slope (1,1) to (4,5): m = (5−1)/(4−1) = 4/3
Slope (4,5) to (8,2): m = (2−5)/(8−4) = −3/4
Slope (1,1) to (8,2): m = (2−1)/(8−1) = 1/7
The slopes 4/3 and −3/4 are negative reciprocals (product = −1), so those two sides are perpendicular.
Yes — the triangle has a right angle at (4, 5).
7. Line parallel to 3x + 6y = 18 through (4, −1).
Solve given line for y: 6y = −3x + 18 → y = −½x + 3, so slope m = −½
Parallel line: same slope, m = −½, through (4, −1)
Point-slope: y + 1 = −½(x − 4) → y + 1 = −½x + 2
Slope-intercept form: y = −½x + 1
8. Line perpendicular to 3x + 6y = 18 through (4, −1).
Perpendicular slope = 2 (negative reciprocal of −½)
Point-slope: y + 1 = 2(x − 4) → y + 1 = 2x − 8
Slope-intercept form: y = 2x − 9
9. Point-slope equation and graph: m = 3, point (−2, −3).
Point-slope equation: y + 3 = 3(x + 2)
Graph: start at (−2, −3), then use the slope 3 (up 3, right 1) to plot additional points, such as (−1, 0) and (0, 3), and
draw the line through them.
10. 4y − 8x = 20
4y = 8x + 20 → y = 2x + 5
a) y = 2x + 5 b) slope = 2 c) y-intercept = (0, 5)
11. x- and y-intercepts of y = −3x + 9.
x-intercept: 0 = −3x + 9 → x = 3 → (3, 0)
y-intercept: y = −3(0) + 9 = 9 → (0, 9)
x-intercept: (3, 0) y-intercept: (0, 9)
12. Height and weight problem.
m = (189 − 150)/(72 − 66) = 39/6 = 6.5 lb per inch
a) Slope = 6.5 lb/in — for every additional inch of height, weight increases by about 6.5 lb, on average, for this
population.
b) 6.5 pounds are added for each inch of height.
Part III — Functions, Function Notation & Graphs (Section 1.3)
13. Mapping: Sam→3, Max→9, Tia→7, Coco→3.
It is a relation AND a function. Every domain element (name) is paired with exactly one range element
(number) — Sam and Coco both mapping to 3 is allowed, since repeated outputs don't violate the function
definition. Only a repeated INPUT with two different outputs would disqualify it.
14. {(−1,2), (3,5), (−1,8), (0,2), (6,−3)} — is this a function?
Not a function as given — the x-value −1 is paired with two different y-values (2 and 8). Remove either (−1, 2)
or (−1, 8) to make it a function.
15. Vertical Line Test.
a) y = −x² + 3 → FUNCTION (every vertical line crosses the parabola at most once)
b) x² + y² = 25 → NOT A FUNCTION (a vertical line through the circle's interior crosses it twice)
16. Graph y = √(x − 2).
The graph is the y = √x shape shifted 2 units to the RIGHT, starting at the point (2, 0) and curving up and to the
right.
a) Domain (set notation): {x | x ≥ 2}
b) Domain (interval notation): x ∈ [2, ∞)
c) Range (set notation): {y | y ≥ 0}
d) Range (interval notation): y ∈ [0, ∞)
17. "Temperature must stay below 32°F."
Inequality: x < 32
Set Notation: {x | x < 32}
Interval Notation: x ∈ (−∞, 32)
18. f(x) = 3x² − 2x + 4
a) f(0) = 3(0)² − 2(0) + 4 = 4
b) f(−1) = 3(1) − 2(−1) + 4 = 3 + 2 + 4 = 9
c) f(2) = 3(4) − 2(2) + 4 = 12 − 4 + 4 = 12
f(0) = 4 f(−1) = 9 f(2) = 12
19. Extra Credit: cell phone plan.
a) C(t) = 0.10t + 20
b) C(50) = 0.10(50) + 20 = 5 + 20 = 25
C(50) = $25