Orienting

Yourself: 1
The Use of
Coordinates

Learning Objectives

After completing this chapter, you will be able to understand:

ø How to describe the exact physical
location of point in 2D space. (x, y)
ø How to identify the cartesian plane,
{
ordinate(y)
15 cm
including axes (x and y), the origin LAMP
and the four quadrants.
ø Compute the distance between origin

{
25 cm abscissa(x)
two point in a 2D plane.
ø Determine the coordinates of point
located specifically on the x-axis,
y-axis, or at a origin.

Chapter Insight

Move along Division into 4 parts Sign of

Origin Quadrants coordinates
x-axis

Plotting a Orienting
Point Yourself: Position in each
The Use of Coordinates quadrant
Move along Ordered pair
y-axis
Coordinate Distance
System
Horizontal
Cartesian Distance between
axis Vertical axis Origin
plane two points
2 Mathematics

Topic 1.1 SETTLING IN

INTRODUCTION
• Coordinate geometry is significant because it provides a link between geometry and algebra through line
graphs and curves. Coordinate geometry is useful in mathematics because it allows us to locate points
on any plane.
• It also has applications in trigonometry and calculus. In this chapter, you will get the complete concept
of coordinate geometry. Such as the cartesian system, coordinate points, how to plot the points in the
coordinate axes, quadrants with signs, and so on.
• It is the beginning of the academic year and Reiaan is both excited and nervous. The family has just
moved to a new city. He and his sister, Shalini, will be attending a new school. Today, Shalini will help
him settle into the new environment.
• When someone is not able to see, this can be a very big challenge, but with their mother's transferable
job, the siblings have done it often, and it has become easier with each move.
• Shalini has just completed Grade 9 and this time, she decided to put to use what she has learnt in coordinate
geometry in Mathematics to guide Reiaan.
• Shalini wanted Reiaan to fell the directions, so she used a rectangular grid on which she had fixed pins
and threads. This showed the floor of the room.
• Points in the sketch were marked using pins. Shalini was using a scale of 1 cm : 1 foot. She used pins to
mark out various key points of the room. Points representing the corners of objects were connected with
thick wool so the Reiaan could feel their positions with his fingers.

• Let us examine Fig. to understand the layout of the room. Notice that this only shows the map of the
floor. Do you see why the position of the windows cannot be marked on this map?

Topic 1.2 THE 2-D CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM

On the number line, distances from a fixed point are marked at equal distances taken positively in right
direction and negatively in left direction. The point from which the distances are marked is called the origin
denoted by O.
Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates 3
TO LOCATE THE POSITION OF A POINT IN A PLANE

• To locate a point on a plane we require two such number lines, both perpendicular to each other and
meeting each other at origin. One number line is kept horizontal marked XX' and other perpendicular
marked YY'.
• Numbers are written on both of them just as written on number line. XX' is called X-axis and YY' is called
Y-axis.
Y
4
3
2
1
X' X
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4
–1
–2
–3
–4
Y'

• From the figure, the positive numbers lies on OX and OY. OX and OY are called positive direction of
X-axis and Y-axis respectively.
• OX' and OY' are called negative direction of X-axis and Y-axis respectively because negative numbers
lies on OX' and OY'.

Illustration 1 :
How will you find the position of apple put on your table?
Solution :
To locate the position of the apple, we take a fixed point (i.e., corner of the table) for reference (O). Let
apple be a point and table as plane. Draw perpendicular from the apple point to two edges of the table and
measure the distance of these perpendiculars from the fixed point (i.e., corner of the table).
X

60
50
40
30
20
10

O Y
10 20 30 40 50

Let these distance are 40 cm and 30 cm . Then position of apple can be written as A (30, 40) with respect
to the corner of table.
4 Mathematics

CHECK POINT-1 Topic : 1.1, 1.2

1. The position of any object lying in a plane can be represented with the help of two ______ line.
(a) horizontal (b) vertical (c) perpendicular (d) parallel
2. If we have 'dot' we require distance of the dot from ______ line as well as from ______ edge
of the paper.
(a) bottom, right
(b) bottom, left
(c) top, right
(d) top, left
3. How we can indicates a position or location of any point in the cartestian plane?
(a) By ‘+’ sign (b) By ‘–’ sign (c) By dot (d) By arrow
Solutions:
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c)

Topic 1.3 QUADRANTS AND COORDINATES OF A POINT

Y
QUADRANTS
• Here we see that the two axis divide the plane into
four parts, these parts are called quadrants denoted 2nd quadrant 1st quadrant
by q1, q2, q3 and q4 as shown in the figure. q2 q1
X' X
O
3rd quadrant 4th quadrant
CARTESIAN PLANE q3 q4
• The entire plane consists of the two axis and four quadrants.
• We call this plane as XY-plane or Cartesian plane or co-ordinate plane. Y'
• The two axes (plural of axis) are called co-ordinate axes.

DID YOU KNOW?

• Coordinate system that we study is known as the Cartesian coordinate system. It was named
after the French mathematician, Rene Descartes.
• We also have a polar coordinate system, in which point on a plane is determined by a distance
from the reference point and an angle from a reference direction.

Cartesian Polar
X
e
nc
sta
Y Di Angle
Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates 5

COORDINATES OF A POINT
Let us take a point A in XY-plane as shown in figure and draw two perpendiculars AP and AQ on X and
Y-axis respectively.
Y
• Distance AQ = OP, is called x-co ordinate or abscissa of point
A and distance AP = OQ, is called y-co-ordinate or ordinate of
point P.
• In XOY plane, x-co-ordinate of a point is the distance of the Q A
point from Y-axis and y-co-ordinate of the point is the distance
of the point from x-axis. X' O P X
• The abscissa and ordinate of a point taken together is known
as co-ordinate of a point.
• Thus, if OP = x and OQ = y, then (x, y) is co-ordinates of point A.
• Now, we know about the co-ordinates of a point. Y'

DID YOU KNOW?

• In writing the co-ordinate of a point, first entry is always
x-co-ordinate and second entry is always y-co-ordinate.
Hence (x, y) ≠ (y, x).
• The order of x and y in (x, y) are important. So (x, y) is an
ordered pair.

SIGN OF A POINT
The figure shows the sign of the co-ordinates of a point in different quadrants. Y
We can clearly see from figure that
• All the points in the first quadrant have both abscissa and ordinate positive. (+, +)
(–, +)
• In the second quadrant, abscissa is negative and ordinate is positive.
• In the third quadrant, both abscissa and ordinate are negative.
X' O X
• In the fourth quadrant, abscissa is positive and ordinate is negative.
All the points which lie on x-axis have zero-ordinate as their distance
(–, –) (+, –)
from x-axis is zero.
Similarly, all the points on y-axis have zero abscissa as their distance Y'
from y-axis is zero.
In other words :
Let (x, y) is a point in the plane and Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are the four quadrants of rectangular co-ordinate
system, then we have four results:
• If x > 0 and y > 0, then (x, y) ∈ Q1
• If x < 0 and y > 0, then (x, y) ∈ Q2
• If x < 0 and y < 0, then (x, y) ∈ Q3
• If x > 0 and y < 0, then (x, y) ∈ Q4
6 Mathematics
DID YOU KNOW?
Coordinate of any point on the x-axis is of the form of (x, 0) and on the y-axis is of the form of (0, y).

COORDINATES OF ORIGIN
Origin is the point of inter-section of x-axis and y-axis. Now the distance of origin from any of the axes is
zero, so origin has zero abscissa and zero ordinate. Therefore the co-ordinates of origin is (0, 0).

Illustration 2 :
Without plotting the points, indicate the quadrant in which they will lie, if
(i) the ordinate is 5 and abscissa is –3
(ii) the abscissa is – 5 and ordinate is – 3
(iii) the abscissa is 5 and ordinate is –3
(iv) the ordinate is 5 and abscissa is 3
Solution :
(i) Since x is –ve and y is +ve
Hence, the point lies in the II quadrant
(ii) Since both x and y are –ve
Hence the point lies in the III quadrant
(iii) Since x is +ve and y is –ve
Hence, the point lies in the IV quadrant
(iv) Since both x and y are +ve
Hence the point lies in the I quadrant

Illustration 3 :
Write the coordinates of each of the points A, B, C, D, E and O from the figure given.
Y

2
A D
1
B
X
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
E
–2
C –3

–4

Solution :
The coordinates of the points A, B, C, D, E and O are as follows:
A = (1, 1), B = (–3, 0), C = (–2, –3)
D = (2, 1), E = (4, –2), O = (0, 0)
Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates 7

Let’s Do Activity
N
+ Draw 2 perpendicular line XX' and YY' on cemented floor using chalk.
+ Let XX' and YY' intersects at O (origin).
+ Starting from O, move 3 meter west direction and then move 5 meters W E
north direction to reach at point A.
+ Now, write the coordinate of point A.
+ Now, also, find that point A lies in which quadrant. S

CHECK POINT-2 Topic : 1.3

1. Column-II give quadrant for points given in Column-I.

Column-I Column-II
(A) (4, 4) (p) I quadrant
(B) (–3, 7) (q) II quadrant
(C) (2, –3) (r) III quadrant
(D) (–1, –3) (s) IV quadrant
2. Read the figure. On the basis of this figure match the Column-I with Column-II.
Column-I Column-II Y

(A) Co-ordinates of point C is (p) –5 6 A

(B) The abscissa of point E is (q) (0, 0)

5
B
4
(C) The ordinate of the point F is (r) 6 C
3
(D) Co-ordinates of point O is (s) 7 2

(E) The perpendicular distance of the (t) 0 1

T
–3 3 6
point A from the x-axis is X' –6 –5 –4 –2 –1 O 1 2 4 5 7 8 X

(F) The perpendicular distance of the (u) (–5, 3) –1

–2
point B from the y-axis is –3 G
–4
–5 F
E
–6

Solutions: D
–7

1. (A) → (p); (B) → (q); (C) → (s); (D) → (r)

–8

2. (A) → (u); (B) → (t); (C) → (p); (D) → (q); (E) → (r); (F) → (s) Y'
8 Mathematics

DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS

Topic 1.4
(DISTANCE FORMULA)
• Distance between any two points P(x1, y1) and Q (x2, y2) in the plane is the length of the line segment PQ.
• From P and Q draw perpendiculars PL and QM respectively on the X-axis and PR perpendicular on QM.
Then, OL = x1, OM = x2, PL = y1 and QM = y2
Y
∴ PR = LM = OM – OL = x2 – x1
QR = QM – RM = QM – PL = y2 – y1 Q(x2, y2)

Since PRQ is a right angled triangle, (x1, y1) P R

∴ PQ2 = PR2 + QR2 = (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2
(By the Pythagoras Theorem)
∴ PQ = ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2 X′ O L M X
i.e., Distance between any two points Y′
2 2
= (difference of abscissae) + (difference of ordinates)
2 2
• The distance of the point (x1, y1) from the origin (0, 0) is ( x1 − 0) + ( y1 − 0) = x12 + y12

DID YOU KNOW?

Coordinate geometry is used to manage and regulate the location of air transport. Coordinate
system is used in the Global Positioning System (GPS) which provides location and time
information in all weather conditions. In a GPS, the longitude and the latitude of a place are its
coordinates. The distance formula is used to find the distance between two places in a GPS.

The distance moved along the x-axis is given by CD.

CD = x-coordinate of D – x-coordinate of A = 7 – 3 = 4.
The distance moved along the y axis is given by AC.
AC = y-coordinate of A – y-coordinate of D = 4 – 1 = 3
• Using the Baudhāyana– Pythagoras Theorem, we get the distance.
2 2
AD = 4 + 3 = 5 units.
Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates 9

We similarly find the distance DM and MA:

DM = 2 2 + 52 =29 units.
MA = 62 + 22 =40 units.

Illustration 4 :
Find the distance between each of the following pair of points :
(a) P(6, 8) and Q(–9, –12) (b) A(–6, –1) and B(–6, 11)
Y

2
A D
1
B
X
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
E
–2
C –3

–4

Solution :
(a) Here, the points are P(6, 8) and Q(–9, –12).
By using distance formula, we have

PQ = (−9 − 6)2 + (−12 − 8)2 = 152 + 202 = 225 + 400 = 625 = 25

Hence, PQ = 25 units.
(b) Here, the points are A(–6, –1) and B(–6, 11)
By using distance formula, we have
AB = [−6 − (−6)]2 + [11 − (−1)]2 = 02 + 122 = 12
Hence, AB = 12 units.
10 Mathematics

CHECK POINT-1 Topic : 1.4

1. If the point (x, y) is equidistant from the points (6, –1) and (2, 3). Find the value of x – y
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 3
2. Column-II gives distance between pair of points given in Column-I
Column-I Column-II
(A) (–5, 7), (–1, 3) (p) 17

(B) (5, 6), (1, 3) (q) 8

(C) ( 3 + 1,1), (0, 3) (r) 6

(D) (0,0) (− 3, 3) (s) 4 2

Solutions:
1. (d)
2. (A) → (s); (B) → (p); (C) → (q); D → (r)

COMPETITION CORNER
Plotting of a Point whose Co-ordinates are Known
A point can be plotted by measuring its proper distances from the axes. Thus any point (h, k) can be
plotted as follows:
(i) Measure OM equal to h units along the x-axis.
(ii) Now measure PM perpendicular to OM at M and equal to k units.
Y

P(h, k)

k
X' X
O h M

Y'
Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates 11

HOTS Questions
1. Plot the point A(4, 2) on a graph paper.
2. Plot the points A(4, 1), B(–2, 1), C(–3, –2) and D(3, –2). Name the figure ABCD. Find its area.
Solutions:
1. Plot the point A(4, 2) on a graph paper.
On a graph paper, draw the co-ordinate axes XOX' and YOY' intersecting at origin O. With proper
scale, mark the numbers on the two co-ordinate axes. For plotting any point, two steps are to be
adopted.
Step 1 : Starting from the origin O, move 4 units along the positive direction of X-axis i.e. to the right
of the origin O.
Step 2 : Now, from there, move 2 units up (i.e., parallel and towards the positive direction of y-axis)
and place a dot at the point reached. Label this point as A(4, 2)
Y
8

2 A(4, 2)

X ' –8 –6 –4 –2 O 2 4 6 8 X
–2

–4

–6

–8

Y'

2. Y
4
3
2
B(–2, 1) A(4, 1)
1

X' –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 X
–1
–2
C(–3, –2) D(3, –2)
–3
–4
Y'
Points A, B, C, D are marked in the above figure. It is clear from the diagram that it is a parallelogram.
Area = base × height = 6 units × 3 units = 18 square units
 12
CASE STUDY Reflections in Coordinate Plane

CASE-I : Reflection over x-axis. CASE-II : Reflection over y-axis.

When you reflect a point across the x-axis, the x-coordinate When you reflect a point across the y-axis, the y-coordinate
remains the same, but the y-coordinate is transformed into its remains the same, but the x-coordinate is transformed into its
opposite (its sign is change); i.e., the reflection of the point (a, opposite (its sign is change); i.e., the reflection of the point (x,
b) across the x-axis is the point (a, –b). y) across the y-axis is the point (–x, y).
y y-axis
(a,b) M
M'
(–h, k) (h, k)
x

(a,–b) x-axis
Let us understand the above concepts in a Let us understand the above concepts in a better way through
better way through an illustrative example. an illustrative example.
Illustration: What is the reflection of 4 y Illustration: What is the reflection
point (2,–3) across the x-axis? 3 of point (–2, 3) across the y-axis? 4 y (2,3)
P(2,3) 3
Sol. The rule for a reflection over the x-axis is 2 x Sol. The rule for a reflection (–2,3) 2
1 x
(x, y) → (x, –y) therefore, reflection of (2, –3) over the y-axis is (x, y) → (–x, y) 1
will be (2, –{–3}) = (2, 3). –4–3–2–1–1 1 2 3 4
–2 therefore, reflection of (–2, 3) –4 –3 –2 –1–1 1 2 3 4
–3 will be (–{– 2}, 3) = (2, 3). –2
P'(2,–3) –3
–4
–4

Q.1 If a point lies in the 3rd quadrant, then its reflection across the x-axis lies in which quadrant?
[Hint: Reflection over the x-axis is (x, y) → (x, –y) Ans. (2nd quadrant)]
Q.2 If a point lies in the 3rd quadrant, then its reflection across the y-axis lies in which quadrant?
[Hint: Reflection over the y-axis is (x, y) → (–x, y) Ans. (1st quadrant)]
Q.3 A point lies on the positive x-axis at a distance of 8 units from the origin. At what distance from the origin will its reflection across
y-axis lie. Also find the coordinates of the point of reflection.
[Hint: Reflection over the x-axis is (x, y) → (x, –y) Ans. (8 units, (–8, 0))]
Mathematics
 Walk Through the Chapter

Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates

Cartesian plane and Abscissa and Coordinates of a

Origin Quadrants
Co-ordinate Axes Ordinate point

To locate the position of a (i) The perpendicular Abscissa and ordinate (i) The point of The two axes divide the plane into
point in a plane, we draw distance of a together in the form intersection of four parts called quadrants.
two perpendicular lines. point from the of (x, y) are called the x-axis and y-axis is Y
Y y-axis is called its coordinates of the point. called origin.
II I
x-coordinate. Note: (ii) The coordinates of
Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates

(–, +) (+, +)
It is also called (i) Any pointon x-axis the origin are X X
X X III O IV
abscissa. has coordinates in O (0, 0). (–, –) (+, –)
Y the form (x, 0). Y
(ii) Any point on y-axis Y
Y x
y has coordinates in The coordinates of a point are in
(i) One of them is X X the form (0, y). X X the form:
O
horizontal, also (i) (+, +) in the first quadrant
called x-axis. Y
(ii) (–, +) in the second quadrant
(ii) Other line is Y (0, y) Y (iii) (–, –) in the third quadrant
vertical, also called (ii) The perpendicular (iv) (+, –) in the fourth quadrant
X'
y-axis distance of a O (x, 0) X Here, '+' denotes a positive real
Note that the plane is point from the number and '–' denotes a negative
called the cartesian x-axis is called its real number.
Y'
plane and the lines are y-coordinate. It
called coordinate axes. is also called the Distance Between Two Points.
ordinate. The distance between two points P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2)
2 2
PQ = (x1 − x 2 ) + (y1 − y 2 )
Also, the distance of the point P(x1, y1) from the origin is,
(x 2 + y 2 ) .
1 1
13
14 Mathematics

NCERT Questions & Solutions

Exercise Set 1.1 From the figure,

D1 = (8, 0) and R1 = (11.5, 0).
1. Fig. shows Reiaan's room with points OABC
marking its corners. The x-and y-axes are So the door begins 8 units from the y-axis.
marked in the figure. Point O is the origin. (ii) The coordinates of D1 are (8, 0).
(iii) Coordinates of D1 = (8, 0) and R1 = (11.5, 0).
So, the width of the door
= distance between D1 and R1
= 11.5 – 8
= 3.5 units
• If the unit represents feet, then 3.5 ft ≈ 42
inches, which is quite comfortable for a
room door.
• Standard residential doors are usually
30-36 inches wide, so this is actually
slightly wider than average, which is good.
For wheelchair accessibility:
• A wheelchair typically needs at least 32
Fig. inches (~2.7 ft) clear width.
Referring to Fig., answer the following • Since 3.5 ft > 2.7 ft, the door is wide enough.
questions: So, we can say yes, this door width is
(i) If D1 R1 represents the door to Reiaan's comfortable and a person using a wheel-
room, how far is the door from the left wall chair should be able to enter easily without
(the y-axis) of the room? How far is the difficulty.
door from the x-axis? (iv) Coordinates of B1 = (0, 1.5) and B2 = (0, 4).
(ii) What are the coordinates of D1 ? So, the width of the bathroom door
(iii) If R1 is the point (11.5, 0), how wide is the = distance between B1 and B2
door? Do you think this is a comfortable = 4 – 1.5 = 2.5 units
width for the room door? If a person in a Since 2.5 < 3.5, the bathroom door is
wheelchair wants to enter the room, will narrower than the room door.
he/she be able to do so easily? Exercise Set 1.2
(iv) If B1 (0, 1.5) and B2 (0, 4) represent the ends On a graph sheet, mark the x-axis and y-axis
of the bathroom door, is the bathroom door and the origin O. Mark points from (–7, 0) to
narrower or wider than the room door? (13, 0) on the x-axis and from (0, –15) to (0,
Sol. (i) The room door lies on the x-axis, so its dis- 12) on the y-axis. (Use the scale 1 cm = 1 unit.)
tance from the x-axis = 0 units. Using Fig., answer the given questions.
Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates 15

Fig.
1. Place Reiaan's rectangular study table with three (i) The given three points form three corners
of its feet at the points (8, 9), (11, 9) and (11,7). of a rectangle:
(i) Where will the fourth foot of the table be? A = (8, 9)
(ii) Is this a good spot for the table? B = (11,9)
(iii) What is the width of the table? The length? C = (11,7)
Can you make out the height of the table? To complete the rectangle, the fourth point
Sol. must have:
Y – same x-coordinate as A → 8
12 – same y-coordinate as C → 7
11
10 Therefore, the fourth foot is at: (8, 7)
9 (ii) Yes, this is a good spot because:
8 (8, 9) (11, 9)
7 • The table is placed neatly inside the room.
6 • It does not block doors or pathways.
5 (8, 7) (11, 7)
4
• It is positioned near the wall, which is
3 practical for study.
2
(iii) Width:
1
X' X Distance between (8, 9) and (11, 9)
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
–2 = 11 – 8 = 3 units
–3
–4
Length :
–5 Distance between (11, 9) and (11, 7)
–6
–7 = 9 – 7 = 2 units
–8
–9 Height:
–10
–11
The height of the table cannot be determined
–12 from the given diagram because the figure
–13
–14
represents only a top view (2D), not vertical
–15 dimensions.
Y'
16 Mathematics
2. If the bathroom door has a hinge at B1 and O = (0, 0)
opens into the bedroom, will it hit the ward- F = (0, 9)
robe? Are there any changes you would suggest R = (– 6, 9)
if the door is made wider? P = (– 6, 0)
Sol. From Fig. (ii) From the figure:
– B1 = (0, 1.5) S = (–6, 5)
– B2 = (0, 4) H = (–3, 5)
So, the bathroom door has width: W = (–2, 9)
= 4 – 1.5 R = (–6, 9)
= 2.5 units Since one pair of opposite sides is parallel,
If the door is hinged at B1 and opens into the SHWR is a trapezium.
bedroom, it will sweep an arc of radius 2.5 units Shape of SHWR = Trapezium
from B1. Coordinates of the corners:
Now the wardrobe begins at: S = (–6, 5)
W1 = (3, 0) H = (–3, 5)
W4 = (3, 2) W = (–2, 9)
The nearest point of the wardrobe from B1(0, R = (–6, 9)
1.5) is around x = 3, which is farther than the (iii) Washbasin space (3 ft × 2 ft):
door width 2.5 units. Take the rectangle at the bottom-left corner
Therefore, the bathroom door will not hit the of the bathroom.
wardrobe. Coordinates of Corners:
Suggestion if the door is made wider: (–6, 0), (–3, 0), (–3, 2) and (–6, 2)
• If the door becomes much wider, it may Toilet space (2 ft × 3ft):
come close to or hit the wardrobe. Take a rectangle above the washbasin.
• In that case, the door could be made to Coordinates of Corners:
open inward into the bathroom, or (–6, 2), (–4, 2), (–4, 5) and (–6, 5)
• the wardrobe could be shifted slightly to Coordinates of Washbasin corners:
the right or (–6, 0), (–3, 0), (–3, 2) and (–6, 2)
• the door width could be kept limited for Coordinates of Toilet corners:
comfortable movement. (–6, 2), (–4, 2), (–4, 5) and (–6, 5)
3. Look at Reiaan's bathroom. 4. Other rooms in the house:
(i) What are the coordinates of the four (i) Reiaan's room door leads from the dining
corners O, F, R, and P of the bathroom? room which has the length 18 ft and width
(ii) What is the shape of the showering area 15 ft. The length of the dining room ex-
SHWR in Reiaan's bathroom? Write the tends from point P to point A. Sketch the
coordinates of the four corners. dining room and mark the coordinates of
(iii) Mark off a 3 ft × 2 ft space for the wash- its corners.
basin and a 2 ft × 3ft space for the toilet. (ii) Place a rectangular 5 ft × 3ft dining table
Write the coordinates of the corners of precisely in the centre of the dining room.
these spaces. Write down the coordinates of the feet of
Sol. (i) From Fig. the table.
The coordinates of the four corners O, F, Sol. (i) From Fig.
R, and P of the bathroom are: Coordinates of P = (–6, 0)
Coordinates of A = (12, 0)
Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates 17

So, the length of PA = 12 – (–6) = 18 ft, 2. Point W has x-coordinate equal to – 5. Can you
which matches the given length. predict the coordinates of point H which is on
If the dining room is 15 ft wide and lies the line through W parallel to the y-axis? Which
below PA, then its upper side is PA and it quadrants can H lie in?
extends downward 15 units. Sol. If point W has x-coordinate – 5, then any point
Hence the coordinates of four corners are: on the line through W parallel to the y-axis will
• P = (– 6, 0) also have x-coordinate -5.
• A = (12, 0) Therefore, the coordinates of H will be of the
• Q = (12, – 15) form:
• S = (– 6, – 15) H = (– 5, y), where y can be any real number.
The coordinates of the dining room Now, depending on the value of y :
corners are: • If y > 0, then H lies in Quadrant II.
(– 6, 0), (12, 0), (12, – 15), (– 6, – 15) • If y < 0, then H lies in Quadrant III.
(ii) The dining room extends: • If y = 0, then H lies on the x-axis.
From x = – 6 to x = 12 So, H can lie in:
From y = 0 to y = – 15 • Quadrant II
Centre of the dining room: • Quadrant III
( −6 + 12 ) • or on the x-axis
x-coordinate of centre = =3 3. Consider the points R (3, 0), A (0, – 2),
2
M(– 5, – 2) and P(– 5, 2). If they are joined in
( 0 + (−15) ) the same order, predict:
y-coordinate of centre = = – 7.5
2
(i) Two sides of RAMP that are perpendicular
Now place a 5 ft × 3 ft table at the centre.
to each other.
Taking length = 5 units along the x-axis
(ii) One side of RAMP that is parallel to one of
and width = 3 units along the y-axis:
the axes.
Half-length 2.5
(iii) Two points that are mirror images of each
Half-width = 1.5 other in one axis. Which axis will this
So the coordinates of corners (feet) of the be? Now plot the points and verify your
table are: predictions.
• (3 – 2.5, – 7.5 – 1.5) = (0.5, – 9) Sol. (i) If point W has x-coordinate – 5, then any
• (3 + 2.5, – 7.5 – 1.5) = (5.5, – 9) point on the line through W parallel to the
• (3 + 2.5, – 7.5 + 1.5) = (5.5, – 6) y-axis will also have x-coordinate – 5.
• (3 – 2.5, – 7.5 + 1.5) = (0.5, – 6) Therefore, the coordinates of H will be of
The coordinates of the four feet of the the form:
dining table are: H = (– 5, y), where y can be any real
(0.5, – 9), (5.5, – 9), (5.5, – 6), (0.5, – 6) number.
End of Chapter Excercise Now, depending on the value of y:
1. What are the x-coordinate and y-coordinate of • If y > 0, then H lies in Quadrant II.
the point of intersection of the two axes? • If y < 0, then H lies in Quadrant III.
Sol. The x-axis and y-axis intersect at the origin. • If y = 0, then H lies on the x-axis.
Therefore: So, H can lie in:
The x-coordinate = 0 • Quadrant II
The y-coordinate = 0 • Quadrant III
So, the point of intersection is (0, 0). • or on the x-axis
18 Mathematics
(ii) AM is parallel to the x-axis because both points Coordinates of the points:
A and M have the same y-coordinate (– 2). I = (5, 0)
MP is parallel to the y-axis because both points Z = (5, – 6)
M and P have the same x-coordinate (– 5). N = (0, – 6)
So, one side parallel to an axis is: Now find the lengths of the sides:
AM, which is parallel to the x-axis or MP, 1. IZ :
which is parallel to the y-axis Distance between (5. 0) and (5, – 6)
(iii) Comparing M(– 5, – 2) and P(– 5, 2): = 0 – (– 6) = 6 units
They have the same x-coordinate. 2. ZN :
Their y-coordinates are equal in magnitude Distance between (5, – 6) and (0, – 6)
but opposite in sign. = 5 – 0 = 5 units
So, they are mirror images of each other in 3. IN :
the x-axis.
Using distance formula:
The points M and P are mirror images of
2 2
each other. The axis is the x-axis. IN = [(5 − 0) + (0 − (−6)) ]
Y
= (52 + 62 )
7
6 = (25 + 36)

5
= 61 units
4
Therefore, one possible right-angled
P(–5, 2) 3 triangle is formed by:
2
I = (5, 0)
1 R(3, 0)
X' X Z = (5, – 6)
–7 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N = (0, – 6)
–2 A(0, –2) Lengths of the sides:
M(–5, –2)
–3 IZ = 6 units
–4 ZN = 5 units
–5 IN = 61 units
–6 Y
–7
Y' 6
4. Plot point Z(5, – 6) on the Cartesian plane. 5
Construct a right-angled triangle IZN and 4
find the lengths of the three sides. (Comment: 3
Answers may differ from person to person.) 2
Sol. Point Z is (5, – 6). 1
To form a right-angled triangle easily, take: X' X
I = (5, 0) on the x-axis –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6
I(5, 0)
N = (0, – 6) on the y-axis –2
Then triangle IZN is right-angled at Z ? Let's –3
check: –4
IZ is vertical –5
ZN is horizontal –6
N(0, –6) Z(5, –6)
So, triangle IZN is right-angled at Z.
Y'
Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates 19

5. What would a system of coordinates be like if = (9 + 16) = 25 = 5

we did not have negative numbers? Would this
system allow us to locate all the points on a 2-D
AG= ( 6 − 0 ) 2 + ( 8 − 0 ) 2 
plane?  
Sol. If we did not have negative numbers, then
= (36 + 64)
coordinates could only be zero or positive.
So: = =
100 10
• On the x-axis, we could mark only the
MG= ( 6 + 3 ) 2 + ( 8 + 4 ) 2 
points to the right of the origin.  
• On the y-axis, we could mark only the
points above the origin. = (92 + 122 )
This means we could locate points only in: = (81 + 144 )
• Quadrant I
= =
225 15
• the positive part of the x-axis = √225 = 15
• the positive part of the y-axis Now checking: MA + AG = 5 + 10 = 15 = MG
Since the sum of two distances equals the third,
• and the origin the points M, A and G lie on the same straight
We would not be able to locate: Line.
7. Use your method (from Problem 6) to check if
• points in Quadrant II the points R(– 5, – 1), B(– 2, – 5) and C(4, – 12)
• points in Quadrant III are on the same straight line. Now plot both sets
of points and check your answers.
• points in Quadrant IV Sol. To check whether the points R(– 5, – 1), B(– 2, – 5)
• points on the negative parts of the axes and C(4, – 12) lie on the same straight line us-
ing the distance formula:
Therefore, such a system would not allow us to
locate all the points on a 2-D plane. d= ( x − x ) 2 + ( y − y ) 2 
 2 1 2 1 

6. Are the points M (– 3, – 4), A (0, 0) and ( −2 + 5 )2 + ( −5 + 1)2 

G (6, 8) on the same straight line? Suggest a RB=  
method to check this without plotting and
joining the points. = (32 + (−4)2 ) = (9 + 16) = 25 = 5

To check whether the points M (– 3, – 4), ( 4 + 2 )2 + ( −12 + 5 )2 

=
BC
A (0, 0), and G (6, 8) lie on the same straight line  
using the Distance formula:
= (62 + (−7) 2 ) = (36 + 49) = 85
d= ( x − x ) + ( y − y )
2 2
 2 1 2 1 
=
RC ( 4 + 5 )2 + (−12 + 1) 2 
 
MA= ( 0 + 3 ) 2 + ( 0 + 4 ) 2 
  = (92 + (−11)2 ) = (81 + 121) = 202

Now: RB + BC = 5 + 85 ≠ 202
= (32 + 42 )
20 Mathematics
Since the sum of two distances is not equal to Y
the third, the points R, B and C do not lie on the
same straight line. 5
Y 4 B(0, 4)
3
2 2
0)
1 0, A(4, 0)
1 O(
X' X X' X
1 2 3 4 5 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5
–4 –3–2–1–1
R(–5, –1) –2 –2
–3 –3
–4
–4
–5
–5
B(–2, –5) –6 Y'
–7 (ii) One possible set of vertices is:
–8 Y
–9
–10 5
–11 4
–12 3
C(4, –12) 2
0)
1 0,
Y' O(
X' X
8. Using the origin as one vertex, plot the vertices –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5
of : –2
(i) A right-angled isosceles triangle. –3
(ii) An isosceles triangle with one vertex in –4
P(–3, –4) Q(3, –4)
Quadrant III and the other in Quadrant IV. –5
Sol. (i) One possible set of vertices of triangle OAB Y'
is:
O = (0, 0), P = (– 3, – 4), Q = (3, – 4)
O = (0, 0)
Explanation:
A = (4, 0)
P lies in Quadrant III
B = (0, 4)
Q lies in Quadrant IV
Because:
OP = OQ = 5 units
OA = 4 units
OB = 4 units So triangle OPQ is an isosceles triangle.
OA is perpendicular to OB 9. The following table shows the coordinates of
So triangle OAB is a right-angled isosceles points S, M and T. In each case, state whether
triangle. M is the midpoint of segment ST. Justify your
answer
Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates 21

Is M the SM= ( 0 − (−3) )2 + (0 − 0) 2 =

 [9 + 0]= 3
midpoint Reason  
S M T of ST? for your
Yes or answer MT = ( 3 − 0 ) 2 + ( 0 − 0 ) 2  = [9 + 0] = 3
 
No

(– 3, 0) (0, 0) (3, 0) SM = MT = 3; Yes, M is the midpoint

(ii) Row 2: S(2, 3), M(3, 4), T(4, 5)
(2, 3) (3, 4) (4, 5)
SM ( 3 − 2 ) + ( 4 − 3)  =
2 2
[1 + 1] = 2
(0, 0) (0, 5) (0, –1 0)  

(– 8, 7) (0, – 2) (6, – 3)

MT = (
 )
 4 − 32 + ( 5 − 4 )2  =
 [1 + 1] = 2

When M is the mid-point of ST, can you find = MT

SM = 2
any connection between the coordinates of M, S
and T? Yes, M is the midpoint
Sol. (i) (iii) Row 3: S(0, 0), M(0, 5), T(0, – 10)
Is M the
Reason ( 0 − 0 ) 2 + ( 5 − 0 ) 2  =
midpoint SM =   [0 + 25] = 5
S M T for your
of ST ?
answer
Yes or No ( 0 − 0 )2 + ( −10 − 5 )2 =
MT= [0 + 225]= 15
SM =  
(– 3, 0) (0, 0) (3, 0) Yes
MT = 3
SM ≠ MT (5 ≠ 15)
SM =
(2, 3) (3, 4) (4, 5) Yes MT = No, M is NOT the midpoint
2
(iv) S(– 8, 7), M(0, – 2), T(6, – 3)

SM ≠ MT =
SM ( 0 − (−8) )2 + ( −2 − 7 )2 
(0, 0) (0, 5) (0, –10) No  
(5 ≠ 15)

= [64 + 81] = 145
SM
≠ MT
(– 8, 7) (0, – 2) (6, – 3) No =
MT ( 6 − 0 )2 + ( −3 − (−2) )2 
145 ≠  

37
= [36 + 1]= 37 ; SM ≠ MT ( 145 ≠ 37 )
Using Distance Formula:
No, M is NOT the midpoint.
d= ( x − x ) 2 + ( y − y ) 2 
 2 1 2 1 

Row 1: 5(– 3, 0), M(0, 0), T(3, 0)
22 Mathematics
Y Y

6 6
5 5 T(4, 5)
4 4 M(3, 4)
3 3
2 ) 2 S(2, 3)
,0
0T(3,
S(–3, 0) 1 M ( 0) 1
X' X X' X
–5 –4 –3 –2–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 –5 –4 –3 –2–1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–2 –2
–3 –3
–4 –4
–5 –5
–6 –6
Y' Y'
Y

5 M(0, 5)
4
3 Y
2 S(–8, 7)
1 S(0, 0) 7
X' X 6
–5 –4 –3 –2–1 1 2 3 4 5 5
–2 4
–3 3
–4 2
–5 1
–6 X' X
–7 –8–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
–8 –2 M(0, –2)
–9 –3
–10 T(0, –10) –4 T(6, –3)
–11
–12 Y'

Y'
10. Use the connection you found to find the Therefore, coordinates of B :
coordinates of B given that M(– 7, 1) is the B = (– 17, 6)
midpoint of A(3, – 4) and B(x, y). 11. Let P, Q be points of trisection of AB, with
Sol. Given: P closer to A, and Q closer to B. Using your
A = (3, – 4) knowledge of how to find the coordinates of the
B = (x, y) midpoint of a segment, how would you find the
M = (– 7, 1) coordinates of P and Q? Do this for the case
We use the midpoint formula: when the points are A(4, 7) and B(16, – 2).
(x + x ) ( y + y ) Sol. To trisect AB, P and Q divides the segment into
Midpoint M =  1 2 , 1 2  3 equal parts.
 2 2 
Given: A(4, 7), B(16, – 2)
(3 + x)
So, = −7 ⇒ 3 + x = – 14 Let P(x1, y1) and Q (x2, y2)
2
(−4 + y )
⇒ x = – 17 and =1 A(4, 7) P(x1, y1) Q(x2, y2) B(16, –2)
2
⇒–4+y=2
⇒y=6
Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates 23

Here, P is midpoint of A and Q, so ( x2 + 36)

=
(4 + x2 ) 4
x1 = ...(i)
2
So, 4x2 = x2 + 36 ⇒ 3x2 = 36 ⇒ x2 = 12
(7 + y2 )
y1 = ...(ii) (4 + 12)
2 Then from (i): x1 = =8
2
So, Q is midpoint of P and B, so
Solving for y-coordinates, from (ii):
( x + 16)
x2 = 1 ...(iii) (7 + y2 )
2 y1 = and
2
( y − 2)
y2 = 1 ...(iv) ( y − 2)
2 From (iv): y2 = 1
2
Solving for x-coordinates, from (i): Substituting (ii) into (iv):
(4 + x2 )  7 + y2 
x1 = and  2 − 2
2  = (7 + y2 − 4) = ( y2 + 3)
y2 = 
( x1 + 16) 2 4 4
From (iii): x2 =
2 So, 4y2 = y2 + 3 ⇒ 3y2 = 3 ⇒ Y2 = 1
Substituting (i) into (iii), we get (7 + 1)
Then from (ii): y1 = =4
 (4 + x2 )  2
 + 16  Therefore, P = (8, 4) and Q = (12, 1).
x2 = 
2  = (4 + x2 + 32)
2 4

Exercise Let’s Revise Through FIB & T/F

1. The ordinate of a point is its x-co-ordinate. 12. The point (3, – 2) lies below the x-axis. (T/F)
 (T/F) 13. The point (–1, – 1) lies on the x-axis. (T/F)
2. The point (a, b) lies on y-axis if b = 0. (T/F) 14. The point (4, – 5) lies in the third quadrant.
3. The y-axis is the vertical number line. (T/F)  (T/F)
4. Every point is located in one of the four 15. A point both of whose coordinates are negative
quadrant. (T/F) will lie in ______ quadrants.
5. The origin lies in the first quadrant. (T/F) 16. If the point (x, y) lies in the second quadrant,
6. The y-co-ordinate of every point on the x-axis then x is ______ and y is ______.
is ______. 17. If (x, y) represents a point and xy > 0, then the
7. If the ordinate of a point is equal to its abscissa, point may lie in ______ or ______ quadrant.
then the point lies either in the first quadrant or 18. If x > 0 and y < 0, then the point (x, – y) lies in
in the second quadrant. (T/F) ______ quadrant.
8. Abscissa of a point is positive in ______ and 19. The distance between P (x1, y1) and Q (x2, y2)
______ quadrants. is ( x2 + x1 )2 + ( y2 + y1 )2 . (T/F)
9. The point (– 2, 0) lies on the y-axis. (T/F) 20. Distance between (2, 3) and (4, 1) is ______.
10. The point (0, –4) lies on the y-axis. (T/F) 21. The distance of the point (x1, y1) from the origin
11. The point (– 1, 2) lies below the x-axis. (T/F) is ______.
24 Mathematics

Exercise LEVEL-1

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) (a) (6, 0) (b) (–6, 0)

DIRECTIONS : This section contains multiple (c) (0, 7) (d) (–6, –2)
choice questions. Each question has four choices
6. Coordinate of a point above x-axis lying on
(a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is
y-axis at a distance of 3 units.
correct.
(a) (0, 3) (b) (3, 0)
1. Which of the following points is nearest to the
origin? (c) (3, 3) (d) (–3, 3)
(a) (0, 6) (b) (–6, 0) 7. If P = (2, 5), Q = (x, –7) and PQ = 13, what is
(c) (–3, –4) (d) (6, 7) the value of ‘x’?
2. Observe the diagram and find the ordinate of (a) 5 (b) 3 (c) –3 (d) –5
point P.
Assertion & Reason Questions
Y
DIRECTIONS : Each of these questions contains
b an assertion followed by reason. Read them
carefully and answer the question on the basis of
M
X' X following options. You have to select the one that
c
P
best describes the two statements.
N
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
Y'
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but
(a) b (b) 0 (c) –b (d) –c Reason is not the correct explanation of Asser-
3. The name of horizontal and the vertical lines tion.
drawn to determine the position of any point in (c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
the Cartesian plane are (d) If Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
(a) x - axis only 1. Assertion: The points (– 3, 5) and (5, – 3) are at
different positions in the co-ordinate plane.
(b) y - axis only
Reason: If x ≠ y, then the position of (x, y) in
(c) x - axis and y-axis the cartesian plane is different from the position
(d) intersecting axis lines of (y, x).
2. Assertion: The point (– 5, 0) lies on y-axis and
4. If the perpendicular distance of a point P from (0, –4) on x-axis.
the x-axis is 7 units along the negative direction Reason: Every point on the x-axis has zero
of the y-axis, then the ordinate of P is distance from x-axis and every point on the
(a) –7 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 0 y-axis has zero distance from y-axis.
5. Write the coordinates of a point left of y-axis and Very Short Answer Questions
on x-axis at a distance of 6 units. 1. In which quadrant do the point (–2, –5) lies?
2. Find the coordinate of the point whose abscissa
is 5 and which lies on x-axis.
Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates 25

3. If a point lies on both x and y axes, then write Long Answer Questions
the name and coordinate of that point. 1. In the figure OAB is an equilateral triangle. Find
4. Write the ordinate and abscissa of the point the coordinate of vertex B.
whose coordinates are (4, –3).
Y
5. Do the points (–5, 0) and (0, –4) lie in quadrant
B
or not?
Short Answer Questions
1. A point lies on the x-axis at a distance of 7 units
from the y-axis. What are its co-ordinates? What
will be the coordinates if it lies on y-axis at a
X X
distance of –7 units from x-axis? O(0, 0) A(2a, 0)
2. In fig. AB is a line parallel to the y-axis at a
Y
distance of 2 units.
2. Write the quadrant in which the following points
(i) What are the coordinates of the points P, R
lie
and Q?
(i) (3, –5)
(ii) What is the difference between the abscissa
of the point A and B? (ii) (2, 1)
Y (iii) (–1, –7)
3. Find the co-ordinate of a point at a distance of
4 A
3 units from (i) x-axis and (ii) y-axis
3

2 P
HOTS Questions
1 1. Write the co-ordinates of a point.
X'
O
X (i) A bove x-axis and lying on y-axis at a
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4
–1 Q
distance of 3 units.
–2
(ii) Below x-axis and on y-axis at a distance of
8 units.
–3 R
(iii) Right of origin and on x-axis at a distance
–4 B
of 2 units.
Y' (iv) Left of y-axis and on x-axis at a distance of
3. Write the coordinates of the vertices of a 4 units.
rectangle whose length and breadth are 7 and 2. Write the coordinates of the vertices of a
4 units respectively, one vertex at the origin, rectangle whose length and breadth are 6 and
the longer side lies on the x-axis and one of the 3 units respectively, one vertex at the origin,
vertices lies in the third quadrant. the longer side lies on the y-axis and one of the
4. Find a point on the X-axis, which is equidistant vertices lies in the second quadrant.
from the points (7, 6) and (3, 4).
26 Mathematics

Exercise LEVEL-2
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 6. The abscissa of a point is –7 and the ordinate is
2, then the point is
DIRECTIONS : This section contains multiple choice (a) (2, –7) (b) (–7, 2) (c) (–2, 7) (d) (7, –2)
questions. Each question has four choices (a), (b), (c) 7. The point (–3, 2) is at a distance of ____ units
and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is correct. from y-axis.  [NTSE]
1. Write coordinate of a point below x-axis and on (a) 2 units (b) 3 units
y-axis at a distance of 8 units. (c) –3 units (d) 5 units
8. If the co-ordinates of the point P are (3, –5), then
(a) (0, 0) (b) (0, –8) (c) (8, –8) (d) (–8, 8)
the perpendicular distance of P from the y-axis
2. P is the point (– 5, 3) and Q is the point (– 5, m). with proper ‘+’ or ‘–’ sign prefixed is: [NTSE]
If sum of abscissas and ordinates of both points (a) –5 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) –3
is equal then the possible value of m is 9. The point whose abscissa and ordinate have
(a) – 5 (b) – 13 (c) – 10 (d) 3 different signs will lie in: [Olympiad]
(a) I and II quadrants (b) II and III quadrants
3. In figure, the coordinates of the point Q are (c) I and III quadrants (d) II and IV quadrants
Y 10. The point on the X-axis which is equidistant from
the points A(–2, 3) and B(5, 4) is
(a) (0, 2) (b) (2, 0) (c) (3, 0) (d) (–2, 0)

X′ X More than One Option Correct

10 units O
3 DIRECTIONS : This section contains Multiple Choice
Q 13 units
3
Questions. Each question has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and
Y′ (d) out of which ONE OR MORE may be correct.
1. Which of the following point does not lie in IIIrd
(b)  0, 
13
(a)  10 ,0 quadrant?
 3   3
−13 −10 
(a) (–1, 2) (b) (6, 3)
(c)  ,  (d) 
10 13
 3 3  3
,
3 
 (c) (–1, –2) (d) (–6, –3)
2. Which of the following is/are correct?
4. If (x + 3, 5) = (2, 2 – y) then the values of the x (a) The point (–2, 0) lies in the II quadrant.
and y are (b) The point (5, 6) lies in the IV quadrant
(a) x = 5, y = 3 (b) x = – 1, y = – 3 (c) The point (–1, – 4) lies in the I quadrant
(c) x = 0, y = – 3 (d) x = 1, y = 3 (d) The point (–3, –4) lies in the III quadrant
5. The diagram shows two points, M and N on a 3. Which of the following point does not lie in IV
Cartesian plane. quadrant?
y
(a) (–4, –1) (b) (–2, 6)
(c) (–1, 3) (d) (2, –4)
6
4. Which of the following points is nearest to the
4
M
origin?
2 (a) (0, 6) (b) (–6, 0)
N
(c) (–3, –4) (d) (4, 3)
0 2 4 x
6 5. Which of the following points is not 10 units
from the origin?
The abscissa of M and ordinate of N are (a) (– 6, 8) (b) (– 4, – 6)
(a) 3, 2 (b) 5, 1 (c) 1, 1 (d) 3, 5 (c) (– 6, – 8) (d) (6, 4)
Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates 27

Passage/Case Based Questions 5. The coordinate of P is :

DIRECTIONS : Study the given paragraph (s) and (a) (4, 3) (b) (3, 4)
(c) (6, 1) (d) (6, 7)
answer the following questions.
6. The distance of PQ is :
Passage-I
(a) 3 2 unit (b) 4 unit
The graph shows seven points on a cartesian (c) 5 2 unit (d) 6 unit
plane.
7. The distance of PR is :
Y (a) 7 unit (b) 8 unit
6 (c) 6 unit (d) 5 unit
5
4
Assertion & Reason Questions
A
3
C(5,3) DIRECTIONS : Each of these questions contains an
2
Assertion followed by reason. Read them carefully
1
and answer the question on the basis of following
X' –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 X options. You have to select the one that best describes
–1
–2 the two statements.
–3 (a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and
P Q
–4
B Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
–5
–6 (b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct,
D(–5,–6) E
Y' but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
1. In the given figure, find coordinate of A
(a) (–5, 4) (b) (5, 4) (c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(c) (–5, – 4) (d) (4, 5) (d) If Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
2. In the given figure, points identified by the
coordinates (–2, –3) 1. Assertion : The coordinates of the origin are
(a) P (b) Q (c) A (d) C (0, 0).
3. In the given figure, find Abscissa of C Reason : Origin has zero distance from both
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 the x-axis and y-axis.
4. In the given figure, find co-ordinate of the 2. Assertion : If x ≠ y, then (x, y) ≠ (y, x).
point E
Reason : If x = y, then (x, y) ≠ (y, x).
(a) (1, 2) (b) (5, –6)
(c) (5, 6) (d) (–5, –6) Integer/Numerical Value Type Questions
Passage-II
DIRECTIONS : Following are integer/numerical
In a classroom, 4 friends are seated at the points P, Q, value based questions. Each question, when worked
R and S as shown in Figure.
out will result in an integer/numerical value.
Then answer the following questions.
10
9
1. If the co-ordinates of the two points are
8
Q
P(–2, 3) and Q(–3, 5), then find the value of
(abscissa of P) – (abscissa of Q).
7
6
Rows 5
4
P R
2. The point whose ordinate is 4 and which lies on
y-axis is (a, 4). Find the value of 'a'.
3
2
S
1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3. Find the perpendicular distance of the point
Columns
P(3, 4) from the y-axis.
28 Mathematics

Brief Explanations of
SOLUTIONS Selected Questions

Exercise Let’s Revise Through FIB & T/F Very Short Answer Questions
1. False 2. False 3. True 1. The point (–2, –5) lies in the third quadrant.
4. False 5. False 6. 0 2. (5, 0)
7. False 8. first and fourth 9. False
3. Origin (0, 0) is the only point that lies on both x and
10. True 11. False 12. True
y-axes. It lies at their point of intersection.
13. False 14. False 15. third
16. (– ve, + ve) 17. the first or third quadrant 4. Ordinate = –3 and Abscissa = 4
18. Fourth 19. False 20. 2 2 5. No. These lie on axes. Point (–5, 0) lies on the x-axis
since its ordinate is 0 and point (0, –4) lies on the
21. x12 + y12 y-axis since its abscissa is 0.

Short Answer Questions

Exercise LEVEL-1
1. Any point that lies on x-axis has its ordinate 0. Since
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) the point is at a distance of 7 units from y-axis,
1. (c) therefore coordinate of the point will be (7, 0). If the
2. (d) Point P can be represented by (–b, –c) point lies on the y-axis its abscissa will be 0. Since
\ ordinate of the point P is – c. the point is at a distance of –7 units from x-axis,
3. (c) Horizontal line is the x-axis and vertical line is therefore, coordinate of point will be (0, –7).
the y-axis. 2. (i) Coordinates of the points P, Q and R are
4. (a) P = (2, 2), Q = (2, –1), R = (2, –3)
Y (ii) Abscissa of point A is 4 and of point B is –4.
Difference between their abscissa
= 4 –(–4) = 8.
3. Given, one vertex of the rectangle is at origin O(0,0),
O and one vertex lies in third quadrant. As longer side
X′ X
lies on x-axis and is 7 units long. Thus, one coordinate
7 units
would be (–7, 0). As shorter side lies on y-axis and is
P(0, – 7) 4 units long. Thus, one coordinate would be (0, –4).
On plotting the points O(0, 0), B(–7, 0), C(0, –4) and
Y′ A(–7, –4) on the graph we get rectangle ABOC.
\ P is the point lying on the line at a distance
of 7 units on y-axis parallel to x-axis i.e. on the
line y = – 7.
\ Ordinate is always – 7.
5. (b) (–6, 0)
6. (a)
7. (c) PQ = 13 ⇒ PQ2 = 169
⇒ (x – 2)2 + (–7 – 5)2 = 169
⇒ x2 – 4x + 4 + 144 = 169
⇒ x2 – 4x – 21 = 0
⇒ x2 – 7x + 3x – 21 = 0
⇒ (x – 7) (x + 3) = 0
⇒ x = 7, –3
Assertion & Reason Questions
1. (a) 2. (d)
Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates 29
4. Let the point on the X-axis be (x1, 0). The other two ∴ MB = 3⋅a
points A and B are A(7, 6) , B (3, 4) we have PA =
Since OM = a and MB = 3 ⋅ a
PB or PA2 =PB2
Hence, co-ordinates of vertex B are (a, 3a).
Y 4)
(3, A(7, 6) 2. (a) Since x is positive and y is negative.
B
⇒ (3, –5) lies in 4th quadrant.
(b) Since x and y both are positive,
X′ X
O P(x1, 0) ⇒ (2,1) lies in 1st quadrant.
(c) Since x and y both are negative.
Y′
⇒ (–1,–7) lies in 3rd quadrant.
or (x1 – 7)2 + 62 = (x1 – 3)2 + 42 3.
or x21 – 14x1 + 49 + 36 = x21 – 6x21 + 9 + 16
or –14x1 + 85 = –6x1 + 25
60
or 8x1 = 60 or x1 =
8
15
∴ x1 =
2
∴ The point P on X-axis equidistant from A and B is
 15 
 , 0 .
 2 

Long Answer Questions

1. In Figure

(i) 3 units distance from positive x-axis and negative

x-axis. Co-ordinates at a distance of 3 units from
x-axis is either (0,3) or (0,–3).
(ii) In the same manner, co-ordinate of a point at a
distance of 3 units from y-axis is (3,0) or (–3,0).

HOTS Questions
1. (i) The co-ordinates of the point are (0, 3)
(ii) The co-ordinates of the point are (0, –8)
(iii) (2, 0)
OAB is an equilateral triangle of length 2a units. (iv) (– 4, 0)
∴ OA = AB = OB = 2a 2. Given one vertex of the rectangle is at origin (0,0),
Now, from the point B, draw BM perpendicular on and one vertex lies in the second quadrant. As longer
OA. side lies on the y-axis and is 6 units long. Thus, one
∴ OM = MA = a coordinate would be (0, 6).
Therefore from right triangle OMB, As shorter side lies on the x-axis and is 3 units long.
OB2 = OM2 + MB2 Thus, one coordinate would be (–3, 0).
or, (2a)2 = (a)2 + MB2 On plotting the points O(0,0), A(0,6), C(–3,0) and
B(–3,6) on the graph and joining these points we get
or, MB2 = 3a2
rectangle ABCO.
30 Mathematics
Y \ the perpendicular distance of point P from
6
B(–3, 6)
A(0, 6) y-axis is 3 units.
5 9. (d) In all quadrant, abscissae are negative and
ordinates are positive. In, IV quadrant, abscissae
4
are positive and ordinates are negative.
3 10. (b) Let P (x, 0) be a point on X-axis such that
2 AP = BP
1 ⇒ AP2 = BP2
C(–3, 0) (0, 0) ⇒ (x + 2)2 + (0 – 3)2 = (x – 5)2 + (0 + 4)2
X' –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 X ⇒ x2 + 4x + 4 + 9 = x2 – 10x + 25 + 16
–1 ⇒ 14x = 28 ⇒ x = 2
Hence, required point is (2, 0).
–2

–3 More than One Option Correct

Y' 1. (a, b) 2. (a, d) 3. (a, b, c)
4. (c, d)
Exercise LEVEL-2
5. (b, d)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Passage/Case Based Questions
1. (b) (0, – 8) 1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b)
2. (b) Coordinates of P = (– 5, 3) and Q = (– 5, m)
According to question 5. (b) Coordinate of P = (3, 4)
m + 3 = – 5 – 5 ⇒ m + 3 = – 10 6. (a) P(3, 4) & Q(6, 7)
m = – 10 – 3 = – 13 PQ = (6 − 3)2 + (7 − 4)2 = 9 + 9 = 3 2 unit
3. (d) As Q is in III quadrant
\ Coordinates of Q are  − 13 , − 10  . 7. (c) P(3, 4) & R(9, 4)
 3 3
4. (b) Since (x + 3, 5) = (2, 2 – y) PR = (9 − 3)2 + (4 − 4)2 = 62 + 0
⇒ x + 3 = 2 ⇒ x = 2 – 3 = – 1 = 6 unit
and 2 – y = 5 ⇒ 2 – 5 = y ⇒ y = – 3
\ x = – 1, y = – 3 Assertion & Reason Questions
5. (c) Coordinates of M = (1, 3)
Coordinates of N = (5, 1) 1. (a) 2. (c)
So abscissa of M and ordinate of N are 1 and 1. Integer/Numerical Value Type Questions
6. (b) As for point (x, y), x represents abscissa and y
represents ordinate. 1. (1)
7. (b) The abscissa of the point (–3, 2) is –3 and ordinate (abscissa of P) – (abscissa of Q)
is 2.
Note that the abscissa is the distance of the = –2 – (–3) = –2 + 3 = 1
point from y-axis. 2. (0)
So required distance is 3 units. Value of 'a' = 0
8. (c) Y 3. (3)
Required perpendicular distance = 3
Y
(0, 2)
P(3, 4)
34
X'
34
X
(3, 0)

(0, –5) P(3, –5) X

Y'