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Direct and Inverse Notes

The document explains direct and indirect variation, highlighting how two quantities change together in predictable ways. Direct variation occurs when both quantities increase or decrease together, while inverse variation occurs when one quantity increases and the other decreases. It also includes mathematical forms, examples, and tricks for identifying and solving variation problems efficiently.

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3 views5 pages

Direct and Inverse Notes

The document explains direct and indirect variation, highlighting how two quantities change together in predictable ways. Direct variation occurs when both quantities increase or decrease together, while inverse variation occurs when one quantity increases and the other decreases. It also includes mathematical forms, examples, and tricks for identifying and solving variation problems efficiently.

Uploaded by

sanayadav236
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Direct and Indirect Variation

Complete Chapter Explanation — Class 8

What is Variation?
Variation simply means that two quantities change together.
When one quantity changes, the other quantity also changes in a predictable way.
Example situations:

• More items purchased → more cost

• More workers → less time needed

• Higher speed → less travel time

The mathematical symbol for variation is:

∝
which means ”is proportional to”.

Direct Variation
Concept
Two quantities are in direct variation when:

If one increases → the other also increases

and

If one decreases → the other also decreases

Example:
More hours worked → more salary.

Mathematical Form
y∝x
Introducing a constant k:

2
y = kx
where k is called the constant of variation.

Finding the Constant


y
k=
x
Example:
If y = 12 when x = 3
12
k= =4
3
Therefore

y = 4x

Hidden Trick Students Rarely Use


Ratio Trick
Instead of finding k, you can use ratios.
y1 y2
=
x1 x2
Example:
8 y
=
4 10
y
2=
10

y = 20
Much faster during exams.

Mental Scaling Trick


If

x = 5 → y = 15
Now if x = 20
Notice:

20 = 4 × 5

3
Therefore

y = 4 × 15 = 60
Direct variation always scales proportionally.

Inverse (Indirect) Variation


Concept
In inverse variation:
If one quantity increases, the other decreases.
Examples:

• More workers → less time

• Higher speed → less travel time

Mathematical Form
1
y∝
x
or
k
y=
x
Multiplying both sides:

xy = k

Golden Rule of Inverse Variation


Product Trick
For inverse variation:

x1 y1 = x2 y2
The product always remains constant.
Example:

4×6=3×y

24 = 3y

y=8

4
Super Fast Mental Trick
If x becomes:

• twice → y becomes half

• three times → y becomes one-third

• four times → y becomes one-fourth

Example:

x = 2 → y = 12
When x = 6

6=3×2
So
12
y= =4
3

How to Identify the Type Instantly


Exam Recognition Trick
Direct Variation
More → More
Less → Less
Examples: salary, cost, quantity.
Inverse Variation
More → Less
Less → More
Examples: workers, speed, time.

Final Exam Shortcut


Instead of solving the full question, check:

• If ratios stay constant → Direct variation

• If products stay constant → Inverse variation

This trick saves time in exams.

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