Python Programs Collection

[Link]
# Example of variables
name = "bhanu"
age = 25
height=5.4
print("Name:", name)
print("Age:", age)
print("height", height)
[Link]
# Calculate area using constants and variables
radius = float(input("Enter the radius: "))
PI = 3.14159
area = PI * radius * radius
print("Area of the circle:", area)
[Link]
# Check if a number is even or odd
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num % 2 == 0:# 1==1
print(num, "is even")
else:
print(num, "is odd")
[Link]
# Check if a number is positive, negative, or zero
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num > 0:
print("Positive")
elif num < 0:
print("Negative")
else:
print("Zero")
[Link]
# Find the largest among three numbers
a = int(input("Enter first number: "))
b = int(input("Enter second number: "))
c = int(input("Enter third number: "))
if a > b and a > c:
print(a, "is the largest")
elif b > c:
print(b, "is the largest")
else:
print(c, "is the largest")
[Link]
# Check grade based on marks
marks = int(input("Enter your marks: "))
if marks >= 90:
print("Grade: A")
elif marks >= 75:
print("Grade: B")
elif marks >= 50:
print("Grade: C")
else:
print("Grade: F")
[Link]
# Check if a year is a leap year
year = int(input("Enter a year: "))
if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):
print(year, "is a leap year")
else:
print(year, "is not a leap year")
[Link]
# Check username and password
username = input("Enter username: ")
password = input("Enter password: ")
if username == "admin" and password == "1234":
print("Login successful!")
else:
print("Invalid credentials")
[Link]
# Check if a character is a vowel or consonant
char = input("Enter a character: ").lower()
if char in 'aeiou':
print(char, "is a vowel")
else:
print(char, "is a consonant")
[Link]
# Check if a number is divisible by both 3 and 5
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num % 3 == 0 and num % 5 == 0:
print(num, "is divisible by both 3 and 5")
else:
print(num, "is not divisible by both")
[Link]
# Calculate electricity bill based on usage
units = int(input("Enter electricity units consumed: "))
if units <= 100:
bill = units * 5
elif units <= 200:
bill = 100 * 5 + (units - 100) * 10
else:
bill = 100 * 5 + 100 * 10 + (units - 200) * 15
print("Electricity bill:", bill)
[Link]
# Example of constants (by convention, constants are written in uppercase)
PI = 3.14159
GRAVITY = 9.8
print("Value of PI:", PI)
print("Value of Gravity:", GRAVITY)
[Link]
# Calculator based on user choice
num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
print("Choose operation: +, -, *, /")
operation = input("Enter operation: ")
if operation == '+':
print("Result:", num1 + num2)
elif operation == '-':
print("Result:", num1 - num2)
elif operation == '*':
print("Result:", num1 * num2)
elif operation == '/':
if num2 != 0:
print("Result:", num1 / num2)
else:
print("Division by zero error")
else:
print("Invalid operation")
[Link]
# Used when you know how many times you want to repeat
# something (iterate over a sequence like a list, tuple, string, or
# range).
for i in range(5):
print("Hello", i)
[Link]
# Used when you want to repeat something
# until a condition becomes false.
count = 1
while count <= 5:
print("Count =", count)
count += 1
[Link]
# break – Exits the loop immediately.
for i in range(10):
if i == 5:
break
print(i)
[Link]
# Student Marks Manager

# Step 1
names = []
marks = []

while True:
# Display the menu
print("\n=== STUDENT MARKS MANAGER ===")
print("1. Add Student Marks")
print("2. View All Students")
print("3. Search Student")
print("4. Calculate Average Marks")
print("5. Exit")

choice = input("Enter your choice (1-5): ")

# Option 1: Add a new student and their marks

if choice == "1":
name = input("Enter student name: ")
mark = float(input("Enter marks (out of 100): "))
[Link](name)
[Link](mark)
print("Student record added successfully.")

# Option 2: View all students with their marks

elif choice == "2":
if names:
print("\nList of Students:")
for i in range(len(names)):
print(f"{i+1}. {names[i]} - {marks[i]} marks")
else:
print("No student records found.")

# Option 3: Search a student by name

elif choice == "3":
search = input("Enter student name to search: ")
if search in names:
index = [Link](search)
print(f"{search} scored {marks[index]} marks.")
else:
print("Student not found.")

# Option 4: Calculate and display average marks

elif choice == "4":
if marks:
average = sum(marks) / len(marks)
print(f"Average Marks of Class: {average:.2f}")
else:
print("No marks available to calculate average.")

# Option 5: Exit the program

elif choice == "5":
print("Thank you for using Student Marks Manager.")
 break

# Invalid choice
else:
print("Invalid choice. Please enter a number between 1 and 5.")
[Link]
# else with loops – Executes after the loop finishes normally
# (not by break).

for i in range(3):
print(i)
else:
print("Loop finished!")
[Link]
# A list in Python is a collection of items (elements) that can hold
# different data types — like numbers, strings, or even other lists.
# Ordered (items have a defined order)

# Mutable (you can change, add, or remove items)

# Allows duplicates

# Can contain different data types

numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

print(numbers)
[Link]
# List of Strings
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(fruits)
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# Mixed Data Types
mixed = [25, "hello", 3.14, True]
print(mixed)
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# Arithmetic using variables
a = 10
b = 5
sum = a + b
sub =a -b
multi =a*b
div = a/b
mod= a%b
print("Sum:", sum)
print("Sub:", sub)
print("multi:",multi)
print("div:", div)
print("mod:", mod)
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# Use index numbers (starting from 0).
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

print(fruits[0]) # First element

print(fruits[1]) # Second element
print(fruits[-1]) # Last element

print(fruits[0:2]) # From index 0 to 1

print(fruits[:2]) # Same as above
print(fruits[1:]) # From index 1 to end

[Link]("mango")
[Link](1, "orange")
[Link](["grape", "melon"])
print(fruits)

[Link]("apple")
[Link](1)
print(fruits)

# Lists are mutable, so you can modify them directly.

fruits[0] = "kiwi"
print(fruits)
[Link]
# A tuple is a collection of items —
# just like a list — but it is immutable,
# meaning you cannot change, add, or
# remove elements after it is created.
# Tuples are often used to store data that
# should not be modified.

fruits = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")

print(fruits)
print(fruits[0]) # apple
print(fruits[-1]) # cherry
print(fruits[0:2]) # ('apple', 'banana')
print(len(fruits))
# Count Occurrences
print([Link]("banana"))
# Find Index
print([Link]("cherry"))

# check if item exists

print("apple" in fruits) # True
print("mango" in fruits) # False

# Concatenation (Joining Tuples)

more_fruits = ("mango", "grape")

new_tuple = fruits + more_fruits
print(new_tuple)

# repetition
print(fruits * 2)

# loops in tuple
for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)
[Link]
# Simple Shopping Mall Program

# List of items and their prices

items = ["T-shirt", "Jeans", "Shoes", "Watch", "Perfume"]
prices = [500, 1200, 2000, 1500, 800]

# Empty shopping cart

cart = []

while True:
# Display menu options
print("\n=== SHOPPING MALL MENU ===")
print("1. View Items")
print("2. Add Item to Cart")
print("3. View Cart")
print("4. Checkout")
print("5. Exit")

choice = input("Enter your choice (1-5): ")

# Option 1: View available items

if choice == "1":
print("\nAvailable Items:")
for i in range(len(items)):
print(f"{i+1}. {items[i]} - Rs.{prices[i]}")

# Option 2: Add item to cart

elif choice == "2":
num = int(input("Enter item number to add: ")) - 1 # Get index
if 0 <= num < len(items):
[Link](items[num]) # Add to cart
print(f" {items[num]} added to cart.")
else:
print(" Invalid item number!")

# Option 3: View items in cart

elif choice == "3":
if cart:
print("\n■ Your Cart Items:")
for c in cart:
print("-", c)
else:
print("■■ Your cart is empty!")

# Option 4: Checkout and show total bill

elif choice == "4":
if cart:
total = 0
print("\n===== BILL RECEIPT =====")
for c in cart:
price = prices[[Link](c)] # Get price by matching name
print(f"{c} - Rs.{price}")
total += price
print("------------------------")
 print(" Total Amount: Rs.", total)
print("Thank you for shopping! ")
break
else:
print(" Your cart is empty. Add items first!")

# Option 5: Exit program

elif choice == "5":
print(" Thank you! Visit again.")
break

# If user enters wrong option

else:
print(" Invalid choice! Please enter 1-5.")
[Link]
# Student Marks Manager (Beginner Friendly)

# Step 1: Create empty lists to store names and marks

names = []
marks = []

while True:
# Display the menu
print("\n=== STUDENT MARKS MANAGER ===")
print("1. Add Student Marks")
print("2. View All Students")
print("3. Search Student")
print("4. Calculate Average Marks")
print("5. Exit")

choice = input("Enter your choice (1-5): ")

# Option 1: Add a new student and their marks

if choice == "1":
name = input("Enter student name: ")
mark = float(input("Enter marks (out of 100): "))
[Link](name)
[Link](mark)
print("Student record added successfully.")

# Option 2: View all students with their marks

elif choice == "2":
if names:
print("\nList of Students:")
for i in range(len(names)):
print(f"{i+1}. {names[i]} - {marks[i]} marks")
else:
print("No student records found.")

# Option 3: Search a student by name

elif choice == "3":
search = input("Enter student name to search: ")
if search in names:

index = [Link](search)
print(f"{search} scored {marks[index]} marks.")
else:
print("Student not found.")

# Option 4: Calculate and display average marks

elif choice == "4":
if marks:
average = sum(marks) / len(marks)
print(f"Average Marks of Class: {average:.2f}")
else:
print("No marks available to calculate average.")

# Option 5: Exit the program

elif choice == "5":
 print("Thank you for using Student Marks Manager.")
break

# Invalid choice
else:
print("Invalid choice. Please enter a number between 1 and 5.")
[Link]
# Weekday Finder using Tuple

# Step 1: Create a tuple of weekdays

weekdays = ("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday")

# Step 2: Ask user to enter a number

num = int(input("Enter a number between 1 and 7: "))

# Step 3: Check if number is valid and display day

if 1 <= num <= 7:
print("Day is:", weekdays[num - 1]) # Access tuple element using index
else:
print("Invalid input! Please enter number from 1 to 7.")
34,[Link]
# Student Marks Manager

# Step 1
names = []
marks = []

while True:
# Display the menu
print("\n=== STUDENT MARKS MANAGER ===")
print("1. Add Student Marks")
print("2. View All Students")
print("3. Search Student")
print("4. Calculate Average Marks")
print("5. Exit")

choice = input("Enter your choice (1-5): ")

# Option 1: Add a new student and their marks

if choice == "1":
name = input("Enter student name: ")
mark = float(input("Enter marks (out of 100): "))
[Link](name)
[Link](mark)
print("Student record added successfully.")

# Option 2: View all students with their marks

elif choice == "2":
if names:
print("\nList of Students:")
for i in range(len(names)):
print(f"{i+1}. {names[i]} - {marks[i]} marks")
else:
print("No student records found.")

# Option 3: Search a student by name

elif choice == "3":
search = input("Enter student name to search: ")
if search in names:
index = [Link](search)
print(f"{search} scored {marks[index]} marks.")
else:
print("Student not found.")

# Option 4: Calculate and display average marks

elif choice == "4":
if marks:
average = sum(marks) / len(marks)
print(f"Average Marks of Class: {average:.2f}")
else:
print("No marks available to calculate average.")

# Option 5: Exit the program

elif choice == "5":
print("Thank you for using Student Marks Manager.")
 break

# Invalid choice
else:
print("Invalid choice. Please enter a number between 1 and 5.")
[Link]
# A dictionary is a collection of data in key–value pairs.
# It lets you store and access data by name (key) instead
# of by position (like in lists or tuples).

student = {"name": "Riya", "age": 20, "marks": 85}

print(student)

print(student["name"])
print(student["marks"])

student["city"] = "Delhi"
print(student)

# updating value
student["marks"] = 9
print(student)

# removing value
[Link]("age") # Removes key "age"
print(student)
[Link]
# Dictionary with Mixed Data
data = {
"name": "John",
"age": 25,
"skills": ["Python", "HTML", "CSS"],
"address": {"city": "Mumbai", "pin": 400001}
}
print(data["skills"])
print(data["address"]["city"])
[Link]
# Student Marks Record using Dictionary

# Step 1: Create an empty dictionary

students = {}

while True:
# Display menu options
print("\n=== STUDENT MARKS RECORD ===")
print("1. Add Student")
print("2. View All Students")
print("3. Search Student")
print("4. Update Marks")
print("5. Delete Student")
print("6. Exit")

choice = input("Enter your choice (1-6): ")

# Option 1: Add student record

if choice == "1":
name = input("Enter student name: ")
marks = float(input("Enter marks (out of 100): "))
students[name] = marks # Add to dictionary
print("Record added successfully.")

# Option 2: View all students

elif choice == "2":
if students:
print("\nAll Student Records:")
for name, marks in [Link]():
print(f"{name} - {marks} marks")
else:
print("No records found.")

# Option 3: Search student by name

elif choice == "3":
name = input("Enter name to search: ")
if name in students:
print(f"{name} scored {students[name]} marks.")
else:
print("Student not found.")

# Option 4: Update student marks

elif choice == "4":
name = input("Enter name to update marks: ")
if name in students:
new_marks = float(input("Enter new marks: "))
students[name] = new_marks
print("Marks updated successfully.")
else:
print("Student not found.")

# Option 5: Delete student record

elif choice == "5":
name = input("Enter name to delete: ")
 if name in students:
[Link](name)
print("Record deleted successfully.")
else:
print("Student not found.")

# Option 6: Exit
elif choice == "6":
print("Thank you for using Student Marks Record.")
break

# Invalid choice
else:
print("Invalid choice. Please enter number 1–6.")
[Link]
# Phone Book Program using Dictionary

# Step 1: Create an empty dictionary to store contacts

phone_book = {}

while True:
# Step 2: Show menu options
print("\n=== PHONE BOOK MENU ===")
print("1. Add Contact")
print("2. View All Contacts")
print("3. Search Contact")
print("4. Update Contact Number")
print("5. Delete Contact")
print("6. Exit")

choice = input("Enter your choice (1-6): ")

# Option 1: Add new contact

if choice == "1":
name = input("Enter contact name: ")
number = input("Enter phone number: ")
phone_book[name] = number
print("Contact added successfully.")

# Option 2: View all contacts

elif choice == "2":
if phone_book:
print("\nAll Contacts:")
for name, number in phone_book.items():
print(f"{name} : {number}")
else:
print("No contacts found.")

# Option 3: Search for a contact

elif choice == "3":
name = input("Enter name to search: ")
if name in phone_book:
print(f"{name}'s Number: {phone_book[name]}")
else:
print("Contact not found.")

# Option 4: Update contact number

elif choice == "4":
name = input("Enter name to update: ")
if name in phone_book:
new_number = input("Enter new phone number: ")
phone_book[name] = new_number
print("Contact updated successfully.")
else:
print("Contact not found.")

# Option 5: Delete a contact

elif choice == "5":
name = input("Enter name to delete: ")
 if name in phone_book:
phone_book.pop(name)
print("Contact deleted successfully.")
else:
print("Contact not found.")

# Option 6: Exit program

elif choice == "6":
print("Thank you for using the Phone Book.")
break

# Invalid input
else:
print("Invalid choice! Please enter a number from 1 to 6.")
[Link]
# NumPy stands for Numerical Python.
# It is a Python library used for fast mathematical operations
# on large amounts of data.
# Arrays (faster than lists)
# Mathematical functions (sum, mean, sqrt, etc.)
# Matrix operations,Support for scientific computing

# Create a NumPy Array

import numpy as np
arr = [Link]([10, 20, 30, 40])
print(arr)

# Array with Range of Numbers

import numpy as np
arr = [Link](1, 11) # 1 to 10
print(arr)

# Mathematical Operations on Arrays

import numpy as np
arr = [Link]([5, 10, 15])
print(arr + 5) # Add 5 to each element
print(arr * 2) # Multiply each element by 2

# Find Sum, Mean, Max, Min

import numpy as np
arr = [Link]([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print("Sum:", [Link](arr))
print("Mean:", [Link](arr))
print("Max:", [Link](arr))
print("Min:", [Link](arr))
[Link]
# Swap two variables
x = 10
y = 20
x, y = y, x
print("x:", x)
print("y:", y)
[Link]
# Student Marks Analysis

import numpy as np

# Marks of 5 students in 3 subjects

marks = [Link]([[78, 85, 90],
[88, 76, 92],
[90, 91, 85],
[76, 80, 79],
[89, 84, 88]])

print("Total marks of each student:", [Link](marks, axis=1))

print("Average marks of each student:", [Link](marks, axis=1))
print("Highest marks:", [Link](marks))
print("Lowest marks:", [Link](marks))
[Link]
# Temperature Data Analysis
import numpy as np

temps = [Link]([30.5, 32.0, 31.2, 33.1, 29.8, 28.9, 30.0])

print("Average Temperature:", [Link](temps))

print("Maximum Temperature:", [Link](temps))
print("Minimum Temperature:", [Link](temps))
print("Temperature Difference Each Day:", [Link](temps))
[Link]
# Sales Analysis for a Shop
import numpy as np

sales = [Link]([[100, 120, 130, 90, 110], # Product 1

[80, 85, 88, 92, 100], # Product 2
[150, 160, 155, 170, 180], # Product 3
[50, 60, 65, 55, 70]]) # Product 4

print("Total sales of each product:", [Link](sales, axis=1))

print("Average daily sales:", [Link](sales, axis=1))
print("Highest sale in all:", [Link](sales))
[Link]
# Sports Scores Comparison
import numpy as np

teamA = [Link]([45, 56, 67, 70, 65])

teamB = [Link]([40, 60, 65, 75, 68])

print("Team A average:", [Link](teamA))

print("Team B average:", [Link](teamB))
print("Matchwise winner (1 = A wins):", teamA > teamB)
[Link]
# Random Data Simulation (Exam Scores)

import numpy as np

# Generate random marks (50 students)

scores = [Link](40, 100, size=50)

print("All Scores:", scores)

print("Average Score:", [Link](scores))
print("Highest Score:", [Link](scores))
print("Lowest Score:", [Link](scores))
print("Students scoring above 80:", [Link](scores > 80))
[Link]
# ■ Pandas stands for Python Data Analysis Library.
# It is used for storing, cleaning, analyzing, and visualizing data — especially data in table (
# Create a Series
import pandas as pd
data = [10, 20, 30, 40]
s = [Link](data)
print(s)

# Create a DataFrame
import pandas as pd
data = {
'Name': ['Riya', 'Amit', 'John'],
'Age': [20, 22, 19],
'Marks': [85, 90, 88]
}

df = [Link](data)
print(df)

# Basic Data Analysis

print("Average Marks:", df['Marks'].mean())
print("Highest Marks:", df['Marks'].max())
print("Lowest Marks:", df['Marks'].min())
[Link]
# Student Report Analysis
import pandas as pd

data = {
'Name': ['Riya', 'Amit', 'John', 'Sara'],
'Maths': [85, 90, 78, 92],
'Science': [88, 85, 80, 95],
'English': [82, 87, 75, 90]
}

df = [Link](data)

print("Student Data:\n", df)

print("\nAverage Marks of Each Student:\n", df[['Maths','Science','English']].mean(axis=1))
print("\nHighest Marks in Each Subject:\n", df[['Maths','Science','English']].max())
[Link]
# Sales Data Analysis

import pandas as pd

data = {
'Day': ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri'],
'Sales': [2000, 2500, 1800, 3000, 2800]
}

df = [Link](data)

print("Total Sales:", df['Sales'].sum())

print("Average Sales:", df['Sales'].mean())
print("Highest Sales Day:\n", [Link][df['Sales'].idxmax()])
[Link]
# Employee Salary Record
import pandas as pd

data = {
'Employee': ['Rohan', 'Neha', 'Vikas', 'Priya'],
'Department': ['HR', 'IT', 'Finance', 'IT'],
'Salary': [40000, 55000, 48000, 60000]
}

df = [Link](data)

print("\nAverage Salary:", df['Salary'].mean())

print("\nEmployees in IT Department:\n", df[df['Department'] == 'IT'])
[Link]
# Temperature Data Report
import pandas as pd

data = {
'Day': ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun'],
'Temp': [30, 32, 31, 29, 28, 27, 30]
}

df = [Link](data)

print("Average Temperature:", df['Temp'].mean())

print("Coldest Day:\n", [Link][df['Temp'].idxmin()])
print("Hottest Day:\n", [Link][df['Temp'].idxmax()])
[Link]
# Get input from user
#
name = input("Enter your name: ")
age =int(input("enter your age "))
print("Hello", name)
print("age", age)
[Link]
# Library Book Record
import pandas as pd

data = {
'Book': ['Python Basics', 'Data Science 101', 'ML Intro', 'AI for All'],
'Total_Copies': [10, 8, 6, 5],
'Issued': [4, 3, 2, 5]
}

df = [Link](data)
df['Available'] = df['Total_Copies'] - df['Issued']

print(df)
print("\nBooks Fully Issued:\n", df[df['Available'] == 0])
[Link]
# Matplotlib is a Python library used for creating charts and
# graphs to visualize data.
# Line Chart

import [Link] as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [10, 20, 15, 25, 30]

[Link](x, y)
[Link]("Simple Line Chart")
[Link]("X Axis")
[Link]("Y Axis")
[Link]()
[Link]
# bar chart
import [Link] as plt

students = ['Riya', 'Amit', 'John', 'Sara']

marks = [85, 90, 78, 92]

[Link](students, marks, color='skyblue')

[Link]("Student Marks")
[Link]("Names")
[Link]("Marks")
[Link]()
[Link]
# pie chart
import [Link] as plt

subjects = ['Maths', 'Science', 'English', 'History']

marks = [80, 85, 75, 60]

[Link](marks, labels=subjects, autopct='%1.1f%%', startangle=90)

[Link]("Marks Distribution")
[Link]()
[Link]
# scatter plot

import [Link] as plt

x = [5, 7, 8, 9, 10]
y = [50, 54, 52, 58, 60]

[Link](x, y, color='green')
[Link]("Scatter Plot Example")
[Link]("Hours Studied")
[Link]("Marks Scored")
[Link]()
[Link]
# histogram
import [Link] as plt

ages = [18, 20, 22, 20, 25, 30, 35, 30, 28, 40]

[Link](ages, bins=5, color='orange', edgecolor='black')

[Link]("Age Distribution")
[Link]("Age")
[Link]("Count")
[Link]()
[Link]
# Simple calculator
num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))
print("Sum:", num1 + num2)
print("hello","world",num1)
[Link]
# Concatenate two strings
first_name = input("Enter your first name: ")
last_name = input("Enter your last name: ")
print("Full Name:", first_name + " " + last_name)
[Link]
# Example of different data types
num = 10
text = "Python"
pi = 3.14
print(type(num))
print(type(text))
print(type(pi))
[Link]
# Convert string to integer
num_str = "100"
num = int(num_str)
print("Converted value:", num)
# ATM Program in Python using loop and [Link]
# ATM Program in Python using loop and if-else

# Predefined User ID and Password

user_id = "bhanu"
password = "1234" # detailed
balance = 10000 # initial balance

# Authentication
attempts = 3
while attempts > 0:
uid = input("Enter User ID: ")
pwd = input("Enter Password: ")

if uid == user_id and pwd == password:

print("\n■ Login Successful!\n")

# ATM Menu
while True:
print("------ ATM Menu ------")
print("1. Check Balance")
print("2. Withdraw Money")
print("3. Exit")

choice = input("Enter your choice (1/2/3): ")

if choice == "1":
print("■ Your Balance is:", balance)

elif choice == "2":

amount = int(input("Enter withdrawal amount: "))
if amount > balance:
print("■ Insufficient Balance!")
elif amount <= 0:
print("■ Invalid Amount!")
else:
balance -= amount
print("■ Withdraw Successful! Remaining Balance:", balance)

elif choice == "3":

print("■ Thank you for using ATM!")
break

else:
print("■ Invalid choice, try again.\n")

break # exit login loop after successful login

else:
attempts -= 1
print("■ Invalid User ID or Password! Attempts left:", attempts)

if attempts == 0:
print("■ Account Blocked due to too many failed attempts!")