TOPIC QUESTIONS

ĐỀ LEAK
Tháng 3:
Lẻ 7h30
1) What does macroeconomics study?
2) When does the government use contractionary fiscal
policy? Why?
Chẵn 7h30
1) What does microeconomics study?
2) When does the government use expansionary fiscal
policy? Why?
Lẻ ca 9h
1. What does macroeconomics study?
2. When does the government use contractionary fiscal
policy? Why?

Tháng 6
Ca 1h30
Đề chẵn:

1. What does microeconomics study?

2. In which situation should the government conduct
expansionary fisal policy? Why?
Đề lẻ:

1. What is deficit spending? How is deficit spending

helpful or halmful for the economy?
 2. How does the price of a good affect quantity
demanded, quantity supplied (law of demand and
supply)?
Ca 3h
Chẵn:

1. How does the price of a good influence the its

quantity demanded
2. What is deficit spending? In which situation is
deficit spending helpful for the economy?
Lẻ:

1. What factors should be considered when making

decisions on fiscal policy? Why?
2. What is deficit spending? in which situation is
deficit spending helpful for the economy?

TỔNG HỢP
1. What does microeconomics study?
Microeconomics studies the decisions and behaviors of individual economic
units—such as consumers, workers, households, and firms. It examines how
these groups interact in markets to allocate scarce resources, and how prices and
production are determined.
2. What does macroeconomics study?
Macroeconomics studies the economy as a whole. It examines economy-wide
phenomena and large-scale economic issues such as economic growth,
inflation, unemployment, national income (GDP), and government policies, to
understand how an overall economy behaves and performs
3. When does the government use contractionary fiscal policy? Why?
The government implements contractionary fiscal policy during periods when
the economy is overheating and experiencing high inflation.
The primary goal of this policy is to reduce overall spending within the
economy to cool down growth and stabilize prices. To achieve this, the
government can either decrease public spending, increase taxes, or combine
both measures. By raising taxes or cutting government expenditure, individuals
and businesses are left with less disposable income. Consequently, this
intervention successfully reduces aggregate demand, slows down excessive
economic production, and effectively controls inflation.
4. When does the government use expansionary fiscal policy? Why?
In which situation should the government conduct expansionary fisal
policy? Why?
Under what circumstances can fiscal policy be expansionary? Why?
The government should conduct expansionary fiscal policy during an economic
recession, which is characterized by slow economic growth and a high
unemployment rate. The government implements this policy by increasing
public spending or cutting taxes. This leaves individuals and businesses with
more disposable income, which directly stimulates aggregate demand.
Consequently, this rise in demand drives additional production, creates more
jobs, and ultimately promotes economic recovery and growth.

5. What is deficit spending? In which situation is deficit spending

helpful/useful for the economy?

What is deficit spending?

Deficit spending occurs when a government's expenditures exceed its tax
revenues, forcing it to finance the shortfall by borrowing money or printing
currency.

In which situation is deficit spending helpful/useful for the economy? Why?

This policy is most useful during economic recessions or periods of high

unemployment. During these downturns, private spending declines, so
government deficit spending steps in to inject money into the economy
through public projects. This hires idle workers, stimulates aggregate
demand, and triggers the multiplier effect, which ultimately promotes
economic recovery and growth.

6. What is deficit spending? In which situation is deficit spending

harmful for the economy?

What is deficit spending?

Deficit spending occurs when a government's expenditures exceed its tax

revenues, forcing it to finance the shortfall by borrowing money or printing
currency.

In which situation is deficit spending harmful for the economy? Why?

This policy is harmful when the economy is already overheating (operating

at or near full capacity). In this situation, deficit spending is harmful because
pumping too much money into the market can trigger high inflation.
Furthermore, excessive government borrowing competes with the private
sector for funds, causing a "crowding-out" effect that drives up interest
rates and discourages private investment. Over time, it also accumulates a
heavy burden of national debt.

7. What is deficit spending? How is deficit spending helpful or harmful

for the economy?
 What is deficit spending?

Deficit spending occurs when a government's expenditures exceed its tax

revenues, forcing it to finance the shortfall by borrowing money or printing
currency.

How is deficit spending helpful or harmful for the economy?

It is helpful during economic recessions or high unemployment because

government spending injects money into the economy, employs idle
workers, and triggers the multiplier effect to stimulate recovery. However, it
becomes harmful if the economy is already overheating, as it can cause high
inflation, create a "crowding-out" effect that drives up interest rates and
reduces private investment, and accumulate a heavy burden of national debt.

8. How does the price of a good affect quantity demanded, quantity

supplied (law of demand and supply)?
How do prices of a good influence its quantity demanded?
If the price of a specific good or service increases, its quantity demanded
will decrease. Conversely, if the price decreases, the quantity demanded
will increase. Therefore, there is a negative relationship between
prices/the price and the quantity demanded, holding all other factors
constant.
How do prices of a good influence its quantity supplied?
If the price of a specific good or service increases, its quantity supplied
will increase. Conversely, if the price decreases, the quantity supplied
will decrease. Therefore, there is a positive relationship between
prices/the price and the quantity supplied, holding all other factors
constant.

9. What factors should be considered when making decisions on fiscal

policy? Why?
 When making decisions on fiscal policy, policymakers must carefully
consider both inside and outside factors. Inside factors include the future
level of economic growth or unemployment, choices regarding whether to
run a budget deficit, and political considerations such as public reaction to
tax changes. Meanwhile, outside factors involve the fiscal policies of other
countries and the requirements of international organizations like the IMF.

These factors must be highly considered because fiscal policy decisions

directly impact the entire nation's economy. Evaluating these elements
properly helps the government choose the right tools to stabilize prices,
create jobs, and maintain sustainable economic growth while avoiding
financial crises.

10. What factors should be considered when making decisions on

monetary policy? Why?

When making decisions on monetary policy, central banks must consider

both domestic and international factors. Domestic factors include the
inflation rate, economic growth, unemployment, and the stability of the
banking system. Meanwhile, international factors involve foreign exchange
rates and the monetary policies of major world economies.

These factors must be considered because monetary policy directly controls

the money supply and interest rates. Evaluating them properly helps the
central bank achieve three ultimate goals: maintaining price stability
(controlling inflation), supporting employment, and promoting sustainable
economic growth.

[Link] are the functions of taxation?

->The primary function of taxation is to raise revenue to finance

government expenditure. Each type of tax has its own function.

Indirect excise duties can be designed to dissuade people from consuming

some kinds of products. Customs duty is used to protect domestic goods.
Individual income tax is imposed to redistribute income. Payroll tax is to
ensure social security.

[Link] are ways to avoid tax on salaries? (= How do people avoid

tax on salaries?) ->People avoid tax on salaries by some ways. Some
employers give highly-paid employees lots of 'perks' instead of taxable
money to reduce income tax liability. Individuals can postpone the
payment of tax through life insurance policies, pension plans and other
investments, which are known as tax shelters.

Donations to charities that can be subtracted from the income on which

tax is calculated are described as tax-deductible

[Link] are ways to avoid tax on profits? (= How do companies

avoid tax on profits?)

->Companies have a variety of ways of avoiding tax on profits. They can

bring forward capital expenditure so that at the end of the year all the
profits have been used up, which is known as a tax loss.

Multinational companies often set up their offices in countries where taxes

are low. Some criminal organizations tend to pass money through a series
of companies in very complicated transactions to disguise its origin from
tax inspectors and the police.

[Link] are ways to evade tax? (How do people evade tax?)

->People have some ways to evade tax. Self-employed people whose

income is more difficult to control than that of company undeclare their
income. Lots of people also undeclare their part-time evening jobs with
small and medium-sized family firms.
 1. What does the term “trade-offs” mean?
2. Why do people have to trade off?
3. In a planned economy, who makes decisions on the
allocation of scarce resources?
4. What does theory of consumer indicate?
5. What are trade-offs made by consumers?
6. What are trade-offs made by workers?
7. What are trade-offs made by firms?
8. What does the theory of the firm indicate?
9. Who decides the price in planned economy? Free
market economy?
UNIT 1 : MICROECONOMICS

[Link] do consumers, workers and firms make trade-offs?

Consumers, workers, and firms make trade-offs because resources are

limited. Consumers decide how to spend their income on goods and
services that give them the greatest satisfaction. Workers choose between
working more hours to earn income or enjoying more leisure time. Firms
make decisions about production, costs, and profits by choosing the best
use of labor, capital, and other resources.

[Link] are prices of goods and services important in the

economy?

Prices are important because they provide information to both consumers

and producers. Consumers use prices to decide what they can afford to
buy, while producers use prices to decide what and how much to produce.
Prices also help allocate scarce resources efficiently in the economy.

[Link] is the important role of the market in the economy?

The market plays an important role by connecting buyers and sellers.

Through the interaction of supply and demand, markets determine the
prices and quantities of goods and services. Markets also help distribute
resources efficiently and coordinate economic activities.

4. What does microeconomics study ?

Microeconomics studies the behavior and choices of individual consumers,

workers, households, and firms. It also examines how these groups
interact in markets and how prices and production are determined.
[Link] are 3 important themes of microeconomics?

Three important themes of Microeconomics are optimization, equilibrium,

and empirical analysis. Optimization explains how individuals and firms
make the best choices. Equilibrium studies how markets balance supply
and demand. Empirical analysis uses data and evidence to test economic
theories and explain real-world economic behavior

UNIT 2 : MACROECONOMICS

1. What is macroeconomics?

2. What economic – wide phenomena is examined in

macroeconomics?

3. What are macroeconomics models?

4. what do government entities use macroeconomic models for?

5. what do firms use macroeconomic models for?

6. what is GDP?
7. What is national incorres ?

8. what do prices and inflation indicate?

9. what indicator shows the government spending and revenue?

10. What is the business cycle?

1. What does macroeconomics study in general?

Macroeconomics studies the economy as a whole. It focuses on large-

scale economic issues such as economic growth, inflation, unemployment,
national income, and government policies. It also examines how different
sectors of the economy interact to affect overall economic performance.

2. What is the difference between microeconomics and

macroeconomics? Microeconomics and Macroeconomics are two main
branches of economics, but they study different levels of economic
activity. Microeconomics focuses on the behavior and decisions of
individual consumers, workers, households, and firms. It examines how
prices are determined, how resources are allocated, and how supply and
demand interact in specific markets. In contrast, macroeconomics studies
the economy as a whole and deals with broader issues such as inflation,
unemployment, economic growth, national income, and government
policies. While microeconomics analyzes individual markets and economic
units, macroeconomics looks at the overall performance and stability of
the entire economy.

UNIT 3 :DEMAND & SUPPLY

[Link] is the definition of “demand” and “quantity demanded”?

or What is the difference between “demand” and “quantity
demanded”?

-> Demand is the quantity of goods or services buyers are willing and able
to buy at various prices in a period of time.

-> Quantity demanded is the quantity of goods or services buyers are

willing and able to buy at a certain price in a period of time.

[Link] factors cause the whole demand curve shift to the left or
to the right? ->They are shift factors of demand: society’s income,
prices of other goods, expectations and tastes.

3. Name the shift factors of demand. Give an example of one of

the shift factors of demand and analyze it.

->The shift factors of demand are society’s income, prices of other goods,
expectations and tastes.

->For example, if higher incomes cause the buyers of a specific good to

be willing and able to buy more at various prices, this event is expressed
as an increase in demand and is modeled as a shift of the demand curve
to the right. If buyers are willing and able to buy less at all of the various
prices because of lower incomes, there is a decrease in demand, and the
demand curve shifts to the left.

4. How do prices of a good influence its quantity demanded?

If the price of a specific good or service increases, the quantity a buyer

will purchase will decrease. If the price decreases, the quantity a buyer
will purchase will increase. The relationship between the prices and the
quantity demanded is negative relationship. And we must hold all the
other possible influences constant.

[Link] is the definition of “supply” and “quantity supplied”? or

What is the difference between “supply” and “quantity
supplied”?

->Supply is the quantity of goods or services sellers are willing and able to
sell at different prices in a period of time.

->Quantity supplied is the quantity of goods or services sellers are willing

and able to sell at a certain price in a period of time.
[Link] do prices of a good influence its quantity supplied?

->If the price of a specific good or service rises, the quantity supplied will
increase. If price decreases, the seller will produce less and the quantity
supplied will decrease. The

relationship between prices of goods and quantity supplied is positive

relationship. Other factors are held constant.

[Link] the shift factors of supply. Give an example of one of the

shift factors of supply and analyze it.

The shift factors of supply are prices of inputs, technology, taxes, and
suppliers’ expectations.

For example, an increase in the costs of producing a good would result in

a decrease in supply and the supply curve shifts to the left. A decrease in
the costs of producing a good would result in an increase in supply and is
modeled as a shift of the supply curve to the right.

[Link] is a market in equilibrium?

A market will be in equilibrium when there is no reason for the market

price of the product to rise or to fall. This occurs at the price where
quantity demanded equals quantity supplied.

10. What does the shift factors of demand

11. A price change causes a movement along a given demand
curve
12. How does price of a good influence its demand and its supply?
13. How does shift factors influence demand and supply of a
good?
14. What is the law of supply and demand?

Unit 4: TAXATION AND GOVERNMENT REVENUE

[Link] are the functions of taxation?

->The primary function of taxation is to raise revenue to finance

government expenditure. Each type of tax has its own function.

Indirect excise duties can be designed to dissuade people from consuming

some kinds of products. Customs duty is used to protect domestic goods.
Individual income tax is imposed to redistribute income. Payroll tax is to
ensure social security.

[Link] are ways to avoid tax on salaries? (= How do people avoid

tax on salaries?) ->People avoid tax on salaries by some ways. Some
employers give highly-paid employees lots of 'perks' instead of taxable
money to reduce income tax liability. Individuals can postpone the
payment of tax through life insurance policies, pension plans and other
investments, which are known as tax shelters.

Donations to charities that can be subtracted from the income on which

tax is calculated are described as tax-deductible

[Link] are ways to avoid tax on profits? (= How do companies

avoid tax on profits?)

->Companies have a variety of ways of avoiding tax on profits. They can

bring forward capital expenditure so that at the end of the year all the
profits have been used up, which is known as a tax loss.

Multinational companies often set up their offices in countries where taxes

are low. Some criminal organizations tend to pass money through a series
of companies in very complicated transactions to disguise its origin from
tax inspectors and the police.

[Link] are ways to evade tax? (How do people evade tax?)

->People have some ways to evade tax. Self-employed people whose

income is more difficult to control than that of company undeclare their
income. Lots of people also undeclare their part-time evening jobs with
small and medium-sized family firms.

[Link] are differences between progressive taxes and regressive

taxes? ->Progressive tax (thuế lũy tiến) is a tax levied at higher rate on
higher income while regressive tax (thuế lũy thoái) is the tax that takes
larger percentage of lower income and lower percentage of higher
income.

Progressive tax rate is based on income, so it can redistribute society

income whereas regressive tax rate is often the same for everyone so it
can be unfair for the low income people.

[Link] are differences between direct taxes and indirect taxes?

->A direct tax is a tax levied directly on taxpayers and can't be passed on
to someone else while indirect tax is a tax imposed on the consumers of
goods and services in the form of higher price

Direct tax is often on income such as individual income or corporate

income but indirect tax is on goods and services such as VAT, sales tax.

Direct tax can redistribute wealth in society but indirect tax can't because
indirect tax is often the same rate for everyone.

7. Where were the earliest tax records found?

->The earliest tax records were discovered on ancient clay tablets in
Mesopotamia, showing that taxation existed as early as six thousand
years ago.

8. What types of taxes did people pay in ancient and medieval

societies? ->In ancient and medieval times, people paid many different
taxes, such as property taxes on land and produce, and poll taxes that
required every adult to pay simply for existing.

9. what are the major sources of federal revenue?

10. what are different sources of the government revenue?

UNIT 5: GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE

1. What is government spending?

->Government spending is the total amount of money the government

uses to finance its activities and functions, such as public services,
infrastructure, defense, and social security.

2. How can a country's population impact government spending? -

>A larger population usually means higher government spending because
more people need public services like education, healthcare, and
pensions.

3. What are examples of government spending?

->Examples include salaries of public employees, public infrastructure

investments, welfare programs, and national defense.

4. What does current expenditure refer to?

->Current expenditure refers to the day-to-day operational expenses of

the government.

5. What are 3 types of government spending?

->The three types are:

● Current expenditure

● Capital expenditure

● Transfer payments

6. Can you list some factors that affect government spending?

Some factors are:

● The country’s population

● Fiscal policy measures

● Other government policies

7. How do you explain main benefits of government spending?

->Government spending helps economic growth, reduces inequality, and

provides public goods and services.

8. Why are the payments in the form of subsidies, pensions, and

social security benefits called “transfer”?

->Because the money is transferred from one group to another without

receiving goods or services in return.

9. How can governments use fiscal policy measures to address

some economic problems?

->Governments can increase spending during recessions to boost demand

and economic activity, or use taxes and spending to reduce inequality.

10. What are some types of government spending to address the

poverty level? ->Some types are:

● Transfer payments

● Free public services (education, healthcare)

● Progressive taxation

● Welfare programs

11. what are different types of government spending?

What are purpose of government spending?

What factor affect government spending?

What are advantages of public expenditure?

What are advantages of government spending?

Definition of current expenditure, capital expenditure

Transfer payments?

UNIT 6: FISCAL POLICY

1. What way ( how) do government spending and taxation affect

the economy? Government spending and taxation directly affect the
overall performance of the economy. For example, if the government
increases spending to build a new highway, the construction of the
highway will create jobs. Jobs create income that people spend on
purchases, and the economy tends to grow. On the other hand, when the
government increase the taxes, households and businesses have less of
their income to spend, they purchase fewer goods, and the economy
tends to shrink.

2. What is deficit spending? How is deficit spending helpful or

harmful for the economy?

- Deficit spending is spending funds obtained by borrowing or printing

instead of taxation. Deficit spending can be helpful for the economy when
unemployment is high or the economy is slowing down. On the other
hand, it can be harmful for the economy when unemployment is low or
the economy is overheating.

3. In which situation is deficit spending useful for the economy?

Why? - Deficit spending is spending funds obtained by borrowing or
printing instead of taxation. Deficit spending can be helpful for the
economy when unemployment is high. For example, when unemployment
is high, the government can undertake projects that use workers who
would otherwise be idle. The economy will then expand because more
money is being pumped into it.

4. in which….harmful..

4. Under what circumstances can fiscal policy be expansionary?

Why? - Fiscal policy can be expansionary when the economy is not
growing fast enough or unemployment is too high. By increasing spending
or cutting taxes, the government leaves individuals and businesses with
more money to purchase goods or invest in new equipment. This increase
demand, which requires additional production, creating jobs, generating
more spending. The result is higher employment and a growing economy.

5. What is contractionary policy?

- Fiscal policy is contractionary policy when taxation is increased or public

spending is reduced. Contractionary fiscal policy might occur when the
economy is growing too fast or inflation is too high. Contractionary fiscal
policy is used to restrict demand, control inflation, and slow down the
economy.

6. What factors should be considered in making decisions on

fiscal policy? - The 1st factor is the level of economic growth or
unemployment likely in the future . - The 2nd factor is whether or not to
run a budget deficit by spending more money than the

government raises.

- The 3rd factor is influenced by political considerations such as beliefs

about the size of the role that governments should play in the economy or
the likely public reaction to a particular course of action.
- Fiscal policy decisions can be influenced by other outside factors as well
such as the fiscal policies of

other countries, the requirements of the IMF.( IMF: International Money

Fund: quỹ tiền tệ quốc tế )

7. Why should the government consider the fiscal policies of

other countries? - Because by doing so, the government may tempt
companies to relocate by offering them generous tax programs or other
benefits.

8. What factors should be considered in making decisions on the

fiscal policy? - Factors considered in making decisions on the fiscal policy
include inside factors and outside factors of the level of economic growth
or unemployment likely in the future, whether or not to run a budget
deficit, and political considerations. Outside factors include fiscal policy of
other countries and the requirements of IMF.

9. what is an expansionary fiscal policy?

10. what is a contractionary fiscal policy?

UNIT 8: MONETARY POLICY

1. Discuss the functions of the central bank?

The central bank serves five primary roles within an economy:

- The bank of issue: It is the sole authority granted the right to issue
money, responsible for the printing, minting, and circulation of notes and
coins into the economy so that various economic agents can use them in
transactions.

- Banker to other banks: Commercial banks maintain current accounts

with the central bank and can borrow money in the very short term to
meet their needs for liquidity. - Lender-of-last-resort: It acts in this capacity
to protect depositors, prevent widespread panic withdrawals, and mitigate
damage to the economy caused by the potential collapse of financial
institutions.

- Supervision of the financial sector: The central bank oversees the inter-
bank market and monitors national payment systems to ensure they work
properly, while also supervising financial institutions to ensure they do not
fall into malpractice.

- Official agent to the government: It deals with the government's gold

and foreign exchange reserves and intervenes in foreign exchange
markets at the behest of the government to influence the domestic
currency's value.
2. Discuss the main goals of monetary policy?

Monetary policy refers to the central bank's activities directed toward

influencing the money supply and credit in an economy. The ultimate
goals are to achieve macroeconomic objectives such as:

- Ensuring economic stability and fostering growth.

- Controlling inflation and maintaining stable interest rates.

- Managing levels of consumption, employment, and overall liquidity

within the system.

3. What are the main instruments of monetary policy? Explain

each one. Central banks use several instruments to control credit
expansion and the money supply: - Re-financing (Discount rate): By
changing the discount rate, the central bank makes loans for banks more
or less expensive, thereby influencing market interest rates. - Open
Market Operations: This involves the buying or selling of government
securities (or other financial assets) in the open market to expand or
contract the amount of money in the banking system.

- Reserve Requirements: The central bank sets the amount of money

banks must keep in reserve, which restricts the amount of money
available to be lent out to the public. - Exchange Rate: Setting the
exchange rate allows the central bank to keep the currency value lower or
higher to influence the price of goods for consumers and bolster exports.

4. In what situation, central banks must apply contractionary

monetary policy? Central banks must apply contractionary (or
restrictive) monetary policy to slow down economic growth when
necessary to avoid inflation. This policy works in the opposite direction of
expansionary policy to reduce the total money supply.

Expansionary mone policy???

5. How do central banks control its instruments to stimulate the

economy? To stimulate the economy, the central bank uses its
instruments to increase the money supply. This can be done by lowering
the discount rate to make borrowing cheaper, buying government
securities in the open market to inject cash, or lowering reserve
requirements. These actions result in a rightward shift of the aggregate
demand curve.

6. How does monetary policy impact AD & AS?

- Impact on AD (Aggregate Demand): Expansionary policy increases the

money supply, leading to a rightward shift of the AD curve. Restrictive
policy reduces consumption and production, resulting in a leftward shift of
the AD curve.

- Impact on AS (Aggregate Supply): While the text focuses heavily on AD

shifts, it mentions that restrictive policy reduces production capacity,
which inherently impacts the supply side of the economy.

[Link] is the definition of Central Bank and Monetary Policy?

- A central bank can generally be defined as a financial institution

responsible for overseeing the banking system and for the conduct of
monetary policy for a nation, or a group of nations, with the goal of
stability, interest, growth, inflation, employment and balance of
[Link] can find central banks that exist in most [Link]
European Central Bank, the Federal Reserve System, the Union Bank of
Switzerland, the Bank of Japan, and the Bank of England are globally the
most well-known central banks.

- Monetary policy involves central bank actions to manage money supply

and credit to achieve macroeconomic goals like stability and growth.

UNIT 9 : COMMERCIAL BANKS

1. What is a commercial bank?

A commercial bank is a type of financial institution that provides a range

of financial services, including accepting deposits, offering various types
of loans, and managing payment systems, catering to individuals and
businesses

2. What is the aim of commercial banks?

The aim of facilitating economic development and ensuring the efficient

functioning of the financial system.

3. How do commercial banks make profit?

They make a profit on the interest they charge for mortgages, vehicle
loans, company loans, and personal loans.

or: Banks make profit by providing lower interest rates on deposits and
charging higher interest rate on loans.

4. What are the functions of a commercial bank?

- Accepting Deposits

- Providing Loans

- Electronic Banking Services

- Overdraft Facilities
- Foreign Exchange Services

- Advisory Services

- Other financial services

5. How do commercial banks accept deposit?

They accept deposit from individuals and businesses and ensure the
safety of the money as well as pay interest to the owners.

6. How do commercial banks provide loans?

This is often done using the money that other customers have deposited
in the bank. For example, if a family wishes to buy a new home but
doesn't have enough money, they can apply for a mortgage loan from the
bank.

7. What is overdraft facility?

Commercial banks offer overdraft facilities to their customers. This allows

account holders to withdraw more money than they have in their account
up to a certain limit set by the bank.

8. What are some financial services of commercial banks?

They offer ATM services and facilitate international payments to pay for
goods and services. They can also offer financial advice for retirement
fund, investment options or managing business finance.