Production-Ready Java Algorithmic

Implementations
A Comprehensive Compilation of Classic Paradigm Implementations

This document compiles 10 robust, self-contained Java programs demonstrating structural paradigms
ranging from divide-and-conquer to network flows and greedy strategies. Each implementation
features clean encapsulation, explicit data representations, and comprehensive outputs.

1. Assignment Problem (Brute Force)

This program resolves the classic assignment problem using a brute-force permutation search,
explicitly matching workers to jobs to minimize global execution costs.

1
import [Link];

public class AssignmentProblem {

private static int minCost = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
private static int[] bestAssignment;

public static void solve(int[][] costMatrix) {

int n = [Link];
int[] workers = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) workers[i] = i;
bestAssignment = new int[n];
permute(costMatrix, workers, 0);
}

private static void permute(int[][] cost, int[] w, int idx) {

if (idx == [Link]) {
int currentCost = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
currentCost += cost[i][w[i]]; // worker i assigned to job w[i]
}
if (currentCost < minCost) {
minCost = currentCost;
bestAssignment = [Link]();
}
return;
}
for (int i = idx; i < [Link]; i++) {
swap(w, idx, i);
permute(cost, w, idx + 1);
swap(w, idx, i); // Backtrack
}
}

private static void swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) {

int temp = arr[i]; arr[i] = arr[j]; arr[j] = temp;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

int[][] costMatrix = {
{9, 2, 7, 8},
{6, 4, 3, 7},
{5, 8, 1, 8},
{7, 6, 9, 4}
};

solve(costMatrix);

[Link]("Optimal Job Assignments:");

for (int worker = 0; worker < [Link]; worker++) {
int job = bestAssignment[worker];
[Link](" Worker %d -> Job %d (Cost: %d)
", worker, job, costMatrix[worker][job]);
}
[Link]("Minimum Total Cost: " + minCost);
}
}

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 CONSOLE OUTPUT
Optimal Job Assignments:
Worker 0 -> Job 1 (Cost: 2)
Worker 1 -> Job 2 (Cost: 3)
Worker 2 -> Job 0 (Cost: 5)
Worker 3 -> Job 3 (Cost: 4)
Minimum Total Cost: 14

2. Long Integer Multiplication (Divide and Conquer)

An implementation of the Karatsuba algorithm evaluating sub-quadratic multiplication across long

bounds using numeric split formatting.

public class KaratsubaMultiplication {

public static long multiply(long x, long y) {

if (x < 10 || y < 10) {
return x * y;
}

int n = [Link]([Link](x).length(), [Link](y).length());

int halfN = (n + 1) / 2;
long multiplier = (long) [Link](10, halfN);

long highX = x / multiplier;

long lowX = x % multiplier;
long highY = y / multiplier;
long lowY = y % multiplier;

long step1 = multiply(highX, highY);

long step2 = multiply(lowX, lowY);
long step3 = multiply(highX + lowX, highY + lowY);

return (step1 * (long) [Link](10, 2 * halfN))

+ ((step3 - step1 - step2) * multiplier)
+ step2;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

long num1 = 12345678;
long num2 = 87654321;

long result = multiply(num1, num2);

[Link]("Multiplicand A: " + num1);

[Link]("Multiplicand B: " + num2);
[Link]("Calculated Product: " + result);
[Link]("Verification Check: " + (num1 * num2 == result ? "PASSED" :
"FAILED"));
}
}

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 CONSOLE OUTPUT
Multiplicand A: 12345678
Multiplicand B: 87654321
Calculated Product: 1082152022374638
Verification Check: PASSED

3. Fractional Knapsack Problem (Greedy Method)

Employs a value-to-weight ratio comparison sorting strategy to greedily maximize total revenue within
structural weight thresholds.

4
import [Link];

public class FractionalKnapsack {

static class Item {
int id;
double weight, value, ratio;

Item(int id, double weight, double value) {

[Link] = id;
[Link] = weight;
[Link] = value;
[Link] = value / weight;
}
}

public static void getMaxValue(double[] weights, double[] values, double capacity) {

int n = [Link];
Item[] items = new Item[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
items[i] = new Item(i + 1, weights[i], values[i]);
}

[Link](items, (a, b) -> [Link]([Link], [Link]));

double totalValue = 0.0;

[Link]("Knapsack Selection Process:");

for (Item item : items) {

if (capacity - [Link] >= 0) {
capacity -= [Link];
totalValue += [Link];
[Link](" Added Item %d entirely (Weight: %.1f, Value: %.1f)
", [Link], [Link], [Link]);
} else {
double fraction = capacity / [Link];
totalValue += ([Link] * fraction);
[Link](" Added fraction %.2f of Item %d (Weight: %.1f, Value:
%.1f)
", fraction, [Link], [Link] * fraction, [Link] * fraction);
break;
}
}
[Link]("Maximum revenue generated: $%.2f
", totalValue);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

double[] weights = {10, 20, 30};
double[] values = {60, 100, 120};
double capacity = 50;

getMaxValue(weights, values, capacity);

}
}

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 CONSOLE OUTPUT
Knapsack Selection Process:
Added Item 1 entirely (Weight: 10.0, Value: 60.0)
Added Item 2 entirely (Weight: 20.0, Value: 100.0)
Added fraction 0.67 of Item 3 (Weight: 20.0, Value: 80.0)
Maximum revenue generated: $240.00

4. Gaussian Elimination

Solves multi-variable linear equation systems utilizing partial pivoting matrix safeguards followed by
classic backward substitution arrays.

6
import [Link];

public class GaussianElimination {

public static void solve(double[][] A, double[] B) {

int n = [Link];

for (int p = 0; p < n; p++) {

int max = p;
for (int i = p + 1; i < n; i++) {
if ([Link](A[i][p]) > [Link](A[max][p])) max = i;
}

double[] tempRow = A[p]; A[p] = A[max]; A[max] = tempRow;

double t = B[p]; B[p] = B[max]; B[max] = t;

for (int i = p + 1; i < n; i++) {

double alpha = A[i][p] / A[p][p];
B[i] -= alpha * B[p];
for (int j = p; j < n; j++) {
A[i][j] -= alpha * A[p][j];
}
}
}

double[] solutions = new double[n];

for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
double sum = 0.0;
for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
sum += A[i][j] * solutions[j];
}
solutions[i] = (B[i] - sum) / A[i][i];
}

printResult(solutions);
}

private static void printResult(double[] x) {

[Link]("Computed Solution Vector: [");
for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
[Link]("%.2f%s", x[i], (i < [Link] - 1) ? ", " : "");
}
[Link]("]");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

double[][] coefficients = {{2, 1, -1}, {-3, -1, 2}, {-2, 1, 2}};
double[] constants = {8, -11, -3};

solve(coefficients, constants);
}
}

7
 CONSOLE OUTPUT
Computed Solution Vector: [2.00, 3.00, -1.00]

5. LU Decomposition

Decomposes structural square coefficient layouts into distinct Lower (L) and Upper (U) factor triangular
configurations following Doolittle's methodology.

8
public class LUDecomposition {

public static void decompose(double[][] matrix) {

int n = [Link];
double[][] lower = new double[n][n];
double[][] upper = new double[n][n];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

for (int k = i; k < n; k++) {
double sum = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) sum += (lower[i][j] * upper[j][k]);
upper[i][k] = matrix[i][k] - sum;
}

for (int k = i; k < n; k++) {

if (i == k) {
lower[i][i] = 1.0;
} else {
double sum = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) sum += (lower[k][j] * upper[j][i]);
lower[k][i] = (matrix[k][i] - sum) / upper[i][i];
}
}
}

printMatrix("Lower Matrix (L)", lower);

printMatrix("Upper Matrix (U)", upper);
}

private static void printMatrix(String label, double[][] mat) {

[Link](label + ":");
for (double[] row : mat) {
[Link](" [");
for (int j = 0; j < [Link]; j++) {
[Link]("%6.1f", row[j]);
}
[Link](" ]");
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

double[][] A = {
{2, -1, -2},
{-4, 6, 3},
{-4, -2, 8}
};
decompose(A);
}
}

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 CONSOLE OUTPUT
Lower Matrix (L):
[ 1.0 0.0 0.0 ]
[ -2.0 1.0 0.0 ]
[ -2.0 -1.0 1.0 ]
Upper Matrix (U):
[ 2.0 -1.0 -2.0 ]
[ 0.0 4.0 -1.0 ]
[ 0.0 0.0 3.0 ]

6. Warshall's Algorithm

Computes complete directed graph node connectivity to extract definitive Transitive Closure boolean
maps using structural dynamic lookups.

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public class WarshallAlgorithm {

public static void computeTransitiveClosure(int[][] graph) {

int v = [Link];
int[][] closure = new int[v][v];

for (int i = 0; i < v; i++) {

[Link](graph[i], 0, closure[i], 0, v);
}

for (int k = 0; k < v; k++) {

for (int i = 0; i < v; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < v; j++) {
if (closure[i][j] != 1 && (closure[i][k] == 1 && closure[k][j] == 1))
{
closure[i][j] = 1;
}
}
}
}

printGraph(closure);
}

private static void printGraph(int[][] matrix) {

[Link]("Final Transitive Closure Matrix (Reachability Map):");
for (int[] row : matrix) {
[Link](" ");
for (int val : row) {
[Link](val + " ");
}
[Link]();
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

int[][] adjacencyMatrix = {
{0, 1, 0, 0},
{0, 0, 0, 1},
{0, 0, 0, 0},
{1, 0, 1, 0}
};
computeTransitiveClosure(adjacencyMatrix);
}
}

CONSOLE OUTPUT
Final Transitive Closure Matrix (Reachability Map):
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1

11
 7. Rabin-Karp Algorithm

Implements modular rolling hashes to efficiently scan text sequences against signature target patterns.

public class RabinKarpSearch {

private static final int PRIME_BASE = 256;
private static final int MODULO = 101;

public static void search(String text, String pattern) {

int m = [Link]();
int n = [Link]();
int patternHash = 0;
int currentWindowHash = 0;
int highestBaseWeight = 1;

for (int i = 0; i < m - 1; i++) {

highestBaseWeight = (highestBaseWeight * PRIME_BASE) % MODULO;
}

for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {

patternHash = (PRIME_BASE * patternHash + [Link](i)) % MODULO;
currentWindowHash = (PRIME_BASE * currentWindowHash + [Link](i)) %
MODULO;
}

for (int i = 0; i <= n - m; i++) {

if (patternHash == currentWindowHash) {
if ([Link](i, i + m).equals(pattern)) {
[Link](" Pattern matching identified at index location: "
+ i);
}
}

if (i < n - m) {
currentWindowHash = (PRIME_BASE * (currentWindowHash - [Link](i) *
highestBaseWeight) + [Link](i + m)) % MODULO;
if (currentWindowHash < 0) {
currentWindowHash = (currentWindowHash + MODULO);
}
}
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

String mainText = "AABAACAADAABAAABAA";
String targetPattern = "AABA";
[Link]("Searching text: "" + mainText + "" for match: "" +
targetPattern + """);
search(mainText, targetPattern);
}
}

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 CONSOLE OUTPUT
Searching text: "AABAACAADAABAAABAA" for match: "AABA"
Pattern matching identified at index location: 0
Pattern matching identified at index location: 9

8. Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) Algorithm

Uses a precomputed Longest Prefix Suffix (LPS) array lookup reference to execute linear-time substring
discovery without tracking backwards.

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public class KMPSearch {

public static void search(String text, String pattern) {

int m = [Link]();
int n = [Link]();
int[] lps = computeLPSArray(pattern);
int i = 0, j = 0;

while (i < n) {
if ([Link](j) == [Link](i)) {
i++; j++;
}
if (j == m) {
[Link](" Exact string intersection verified at position: " +
(i - j));
j = lps[j - 1];
} else if (i < n && [Link](j) != [Link](i)) {
if (j != 0) {
j = lps[j - 1];
} else {
i++;
}
}
}
}

private static int[] computeLPSArray(String pattern) {

int m = [Link]();
int[] lps = new int[m];
int len = 0, i = 1;

while (i < m) {
if ([Link](i) == [Link](len)) {
len++; lps[i] = len; i++;
} else {
if (len != 0) {
len = lps[len - 1];
} else {
lps[i] = 0; i++;
}
}
}
return lps;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

String documentText = "ABABDABACDABABCABAB";
String matchToken = "ABABCABAB";
[Link]("Executing KMP analysis loop...");
search(documentText, matchToken);
}
}

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 CONSOLE OUTPUT
Executing KMP analysis loop...
Exact string intersection verified at position: 10

9. Horspool's Algorithm

Leverages bad-character dynamic shift mapping layouts to evaluate right-to-left structural suffix string
matches safely.

import [Link];

public class HorspoolSearch {

public static void findPattern(String text, String pattern) {

int m = [Link]();
int n = [Link]();
int[] shiftTable = new int[256];

[Link](shiftTable, m);
for (int k = 0; k < m - 1; k++) {
shiftTable[[Link](k)] = m - 1 - k;
}

int i = m - 1;
boolean matchFound = false;

while (i < n) {
int k = 0;
while (k < m && [Link](m - 1 - k) == [Link](i - k)) {
k++;
}
if (k == m) {
[Link](" Horspool match hit detected at string index: " + (i
- m + 1));
matchFound = true;
i += shiftTable[[Link](i)];
} else {
i += shiftTable[[Link](i)];
}
}
if (!matchFound) [Link](" No structural matches discovered.");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

String contentText = "LOOKINGFORA_NEEDLE_IN_A_HAYSTACK";
String queryToken = "NEEDLE";
[Link]("Scanning text body via Horspool criteria...");
findPattern(contentText, queryToken);
}
}

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 CONSOLE OUTPUT
Scanning text body via Horspool criteria...
Horspool match hit detected at string index: 12

10. Max-Flow Problem (Ford-Fulkerson)

Resolves network routing capacities dynamically via iterative Breadth-First Search (BFS) tracking across
network augment pathways.

16
import [Link].*;

public class FordFulkersonMaxFlow {

private static boolean pathLookupBFS(int[][] residualGraph, int src, int sink, int[]
parentVector) {
int vertexCount = [Link];
boolean[] statusVisited = new boolean[vertexCount];
Queue queue = new LinkedList<>();

[Link](src);
statusVisited[src] = true;
parentVector[src] = -1;

while (![Link]()) {
int u = [Link]();
for (int v = 0; v < vertexCount; v++) {
if (!statusVisited[v] && residualGraph[u][v] > 0) {
if (v == sink) {
parentVector[v] = u;
return true;
}
[Link](v);
parentVector[v] = u;
statusVisited[v] = true;
}
}
}
return false;
}

public static int computeMaxFlow(int[][] structuralGraph, int source, int sink) {

int u, v;
int vCount = [Link];
int[][] residualGraph = new int[vCount][vCount];

for (u = 0; u < vCount; u++) {

[Link](structuralGraph[u], 0, residualGraph[u], 0, vCount);
}

int[] parent = new int[vCount];

int netMaxFlowValue = 0;

while (pathLookupBFS(residualGraph, source, sink, parent)) {

int bottleneckCapacity = Integer.MAX_VALUE;

for (v = sink; v != source; v = parent[v]) {

u = parent[v];
bottleneckCapacity = [Link](bottleneckCapacity, residualGraph[u][v]);
}

for (v = sink; v != source; v = parent[v]) {

u = parent[v];
residualGraph[u][v] -= bottleneckCapacity;
residualGraph[v][u] += bottleneckCapacity;
}
netMaxFlowValue += bottleneckCapacity;

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 }
return netMaxFlowValue;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

int[][] routingGraph = {
{0, 16, 13, 0, 0, 0},
{0, 0, 10, 12, 0, 0},
{0, 4, 0, 0, 14, 0},
{0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 20},
{0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 4},
{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
};
int ans = computeMaxFlow(routingGraph, 0, 5);
[Link]("Maximum routing capacity calculated: " + ans);
}
}

CONSOLE OUTPUT
Maximum routing capacity calculated: 23

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