DECENT CALIBRE HIGH SCHOOL DIJKOT

Summer Vacation Work for the Month of June — Class Four (Science)
UNIT NO. 1 (a) — Living Things & Biodiversity
Q1. What are the necessary things needed by living things? Write any three and give reasons.
Ans. All living things need food, light, water and air. All living things need light as a source of energy. All organisms need water for their
survival.
Q2. Why is the life cycle also known as the circle of life?
Ans. The cycle of things is known as the circle of life because animals and plants are born, grow into adults, reproduce, then die. Their
children continue the cycle.
Q3. Why do we need to conserve biodiversity?
Ans. (i) It helps make clean oxygen and water. (ii) It helps control diseases for us. (iii) It helps control our environment. We need to conserve
biodiversity because it helps make clean oxygen and water.
Q4. What can you do to help conserve biodiversity? Write at least two ways.
Ans. 1. Practicing the three Rs: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. 2. Thinking before you use extra lights.
Q5. Difference between vertebrates and invertebrates.
Ans. Vertebrates are animals with a backbone. Examples: Fish, Amphibians. Invertebrates are animals without a backbone. Examples:
Insects, Bees.
UNIT NO. 1 (b) — Human Organs
Q1. Write the functions of the following human organs: (i) Brain (ii) Heart (iii) Lungs.
Ans. (i) Brain: The brain is the part of our body that controls all the other parts and functions. (ii) Heart: Our heart is like a machine. It pumps
blood to every part of our body. (iii) Lungs: The lungs are two cone-shaped organs that fill most of the chest cavity.
Q2. Why are bones and muscles important for our body? Write two reasons.
Ans. Bones: Bones provide support and help shape our body from our head to our toes. Muscles: Whenever we move, we make use of our
muscles. We use them to walk, run and close our eyes.
Q3. Write differences between the following body organs: Heart and Stomach.
Ans. Heart: Our heart is like a machine. It pumps blood to every part of our body. Stomach: Everything we do needs a supply of energy.
Energy comes from the food we eat. Our stomach helps to digest food.
Q4. Write any three symptoms of Influenza (flu) and Cough.
Ans. (i) Influenza (Flu): Fever, cough, nasal congestion. (ii) Cough: Persistent coughing, chest discomfort, shortness of breath.
Q5. What are non-contagious diseases? Give two examples.
Ans. Non-contagious diseases are those which are not spread from person to person. Examples: Diabetes, Cancer.
Q6. What are germs?
Ans. Germs are microscopic organisms (bacteria, fungi) that can cause disease.
Q7. How are contagious diseases transmitted?
Ans. Contagious diseases are transmitted through direct contact with an infected person, through respiratory droplets, and through
contaminated food and water.
Q8. Why is drinking clean water important for healthy living?
Ans. Clean water helps maintain bodily functions, transports nutrients, removes waste, prevents dehydration and reduces the risk of
waterborne diseases.
Q9. Explain one method of water purification.
Ans. Boiling: heating water to 100°C (212°F) for several minutes kills harmful microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites), making water
safe to drink.
Q10. Why does our body need a balanced diet?
Ans. A balanced diet provides all essential nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) in the right proportions, supporting growth, energy
production and proper functioning of organs and body systems.
UNIT NO. 3 (b) — Human Health
Q1. List at least three everyday behaviours that promote good health.
Ans. 1. Eating a balanced diet. 2. Engaging in regular physical activity (exercise or walking). 3. Getting adequate sleep.
Q2. What nutrients are specially important for children and why?
Ans. Key nutrients for children are: proteins, calcium, iron, vitamin D and vitamin A. They support rapid growth, development, energy needs
and bone health.
UNIT NO. 2 (a) — Ecosystems
Q1. Define an ecosystem.
Ans. An ecosystem is formed by the interaction of living and non-living components.
Q2. Write the difference between a desert ecosystem and a river ecosystem.
Ans. Desert Ecosystem: Deserts are areas of land that are dry and covered with sand, rocks or even snow. River Ecosystem: Rivers are
flowing waters with many different micro-habitats.
Q3. Difference between biotic and abiotic components.
Ans. Biotic component: The living things in an ecosystem are called biotic factors — producers, consumers and decomposers. Abiotic
components: The non-living elements of an ecosystem are called abiotic factors: temperature, water, soil.
Q4. Explain the living and non-living components of grasslands.
Ans. Living components: Plants (grasses, herbs, shrubs). Animals: herbivores like cattle, antelopes, grazing insects. Non-living components:
Soil — the substrate that provides nutrients and physical support for plants. Water.
Q5. What is the main source of energy in an ecosystem?
Ans. The Sun (solar energy), which is captured by producers through photosynthesis. Equation: Sunlight + CO2 + 6H2O → 6C6H12O6 +
6O2
Q6. What role can you play in preserving various ecosystems? Discuss any two.
Ans. 1. Reduce waste, recycle to lessen pollution and protect existing habitats. 2. Plant trees or protect existing vegetation to maintain
producer populations and biodiversity.
Q7. What are Producers and Consumers in an ecosystem?
Ans. Producers: Organisms like plants and some bacteria that make their own food through photosynthesis, providing energy for
ecosystems. Consumers: Organisms that cannot produce their own food and eat other organisms (producers or other consumers) to obtain
energy.
Q8. What are abiotic factors? Give examples.
Ans. The non-living elements of an ecosystem are called abiotic factors. Examples: temperature, water, soil.
Q9. What are biotic factors? Give examples.
Ans. The living things in an ecosystem are called biotic factors. These are producers, consumers and decomposers.
Q10. What are the non-living components of a grassland ecosystem?
Ans. Soil: the substrate that provides nutrients and physical support for plants. Water: essential for all living organisms in the grassland.
UNIT NO. 5 (a) — Forms of Energy & Energy Transfers
Q1. What does energy transformation mean? Give an example.
Ans. Definition: When one form of energy changes into another form of energy, it is called energy transformation. Example: When a toaster
is plugged in, electrical energy is converted into heat energy.
Q2. Why is it important to conserve energy? Give at least 5 ways.
Ans. It is important to conserve energy because energy saves materials needed for making the same product again. (i) We should use solar
heaters instead of gas heaters. (ii) We should dry clothes in sunlight instead of dryers. (iii) We should make minimum use of air conditioners.
(iv) We should use a pressure cooker for cooking to save heat energy. (v) We should use minimum water for all domestic purposes.
Q3. Explain what is kinetic energy?
Ans. All moving things have kinetic energy. Forms of energy include light, electricity, heat, sound and kinetic energy.
Q4. Write any three uses of light energy.
Ans. (i) It is used to heat and light our homes. (ii) Plants use light energy to make food through photosynthesis. (iii) The biggest source of
light is the Sun, whose energy is called solar energy.
Q5. What are the different forms of energy?
Ans. The different forms of energy are: light energy, electrical energy, heat energy, sound energy and kinetic energy.
Q6. How is solar energy used?
Ans. Solar energy (energy from the Sun) is used to heat homes, generate electricity through solar panels, and help plants make food through
photosynthesis.
Q7. What is the photosynthesis equation?
Ans. Sunlight + CO2 + 6H2O → 6C6H12O6 + 6O2. Producers (like plants) capture solar energy through photosynthesis.
UNIT NO. 5 (b) — Light and Sound in Everyday Life
Q1. How are shadows formed?
Ans. When anything blocks the path of light, a shadow is formed. It means when light is not allowed to pass through an object, it makes a
shadow.
Q2. Can you make shadows by using transparent objects?
Ans. No, we cannot make shadows by using clear transparent objects.
Q3. What is a sound medium? Give examples.
Ans. A sound medium is any material through which sound can travel. Examples: Gas — Air. Solid — Wood, Metal, Wall. Liquid — Water.
UNIT NO. 5 (c) — Heat and Electricity
Q1. How is electricity used in your daily life?
Ans. Electricity is very important in our daily life. We use it for everything. It is hard to imagine what life would be without electricity — no
lights, no televisions, no computers.
Q2. Can you explain how a light bulb works?
Ans. A bulb lights due to a complete electric circuit. A current flows from the power station through wires. When the switch is OFF, the circuit
breaks and the bulb stops glowing.
Q3. What are the other purposes for which you use electricity?
Ans. Motion/Power: Car, Motor, Blender, Drill. Heating/Cooling: Oven, Iron, Refrigerator, Air conditioner. Light: Floodlight, Flashlight, Lamp.
Communication: Laptop, Radio, portable phones, TV.
Q4. Do all electric circuits require a complete electric pathway?
Ans. Yes, all electric circuits require a complete pathway for electricity to flow.
Q5. What are heating and cooling devices that use electricity?
Ans. Heating/Cooling devices that use electricity: Oven, Iron, Refrigerator, Air conditioner.
Q6. What are lighting devices that use electricity?
Ans. Lighting devices that use electricity include: Floodlight, Flashlight and Lamp.
Q7. What happens when the switch of an electric circuit is turned OFF?
Ans. When the switch is OFF, the circuit breaks and the current stops flowing, so the bulb stops glowing.
Q8. What communication devices use electricity?
Ans. Communication devices that use electricity: Laptop, Radio, portable phones and TV.
Q9. List at least three everyday behaviours that promote good health.
Ans. 1. Eating a balanced diet. 2. Engaging in regular physical activity (exercise or walking). 3. Getting adequate sleep.
Q10. What are some ways to conserve electricity at home?
Ans. (i) Turn off lights when not in use. (ii) Use solar heaters instead of gas heaters. (iii) Dry clothes in sunlight instead of dryers. (iv) Make
minimum use of air conditioners. (v) Use energy-saving bulbs instead of regular bulbs.