Operators in Java
State whether the following statements are 'True' or
'False'
Question 1
The precedence of operators in Java follows BODMAS. False
Question 2
The output of a++ will be 1, if int a = -1. False
Question 3
The relational operators always result in terms of 'True' or 'False'. True
Question 4
Given: int m=5; m*=5 then the value stored in m results in 55. False
Question 5
The statement (a>b)&&(a>c) uses a logical operator. True
Question 6
If int a=27,b=4,c=0; then c = a%b; results in 3. True
Question 7
The statement p+=5 means p=p*5. False
Question 8
In the precedence of logical operators; NOT is followed by AND. True
Write the Java expressions for the following
Question 1
z = 5x3 +2yx + y
Answer
z=5*x*x*x+2*y*x+y
Question 2 m = a2 + b2 / (a + b)
Answer
m = (a * a + b * b) / (a + b)
Question 3 s = ut + (1/2)at2
Answer
s = u * t + (1.0 / 2) * a * t * t
Question 4 f = uv / (u + v)
Answer
f = u * v / (u + v)
Question 5 d = √(3x + x2) / a + b
Answer
d = [Link](3 * x + x * x) / (a + b)
Question 6 p = a2 + b2 + 2ab
Answer
p=a*a+b*b+2*a*b
Question 7 y = 2(lb + bh + lh)
Answer
y = 2 * (l * b + b * h + l * h)
Question 8 p = a / b2 + b / a2
Answer
p = a / (b * b) + b / (a * a)
Question 9 z = x3 + y3 - y / z3
Answer
z = x * x * x + y * y * y - y / (z * z * z)
Question 10 q = 1 / √(a + b) + 3 / c2
Answer
q = (1 / [Link](a + b)) + 3 / (c * c)
Predict the output
Question 1 int c = (3<4)? 3*4:3+4;
Output
12
Explanation
As 3 is less than 4 so condition of ternary operator is true. Variable c is assigned the value of
expression 1 which is 3 * 4 = 12.
Question 2
int a = 14, b = 4; boolean x = (a > b) ? true : false;
Output true
Explanation
As 14 is greater than 4 so condition of ternary operator is true. Variable x is assigned the
value of expression 1 which is true.
Question 3
int x = 90; char c = (x<=90)?'Z':'I';
Output
Z
Explanation
As value of x is 90 so condition of ternary operator is true. Variable c is assigned the value of
expression 1 which is Z.
Question 4
int a = 18; int b = 12; boolean t = (a > 20 && b < 15)? true : false;
Output false
Explanation
The condition a > 20 is false as value of a is 18. So the logical AND operator — && returns
false. Variable t is assigned the value of expression 2 which is false.
Question 5
c = (val + 550 < 1700)? 200: 400; if: (a) val = 1000 (b) val = 1500
Output
(a) 200
(b) 400
Explanation
When val = 1000, val + 550 = 1550. As 1550 is less than 1700 so condition of ternary
operator is true. Variable c is assigned the value of expression 1 which is 200.
When val = 1500, val + 550 = 2050. As 2050 is greater than 1700 so condition of ternary
operator is false. Variable c is assigned the value of expression 2 which is 400.
Answer the following questions
Question 1
What is an operator? What are the three main types of operators? Name them.
Answer
An operator is a symbol or sign used to specify an operation to be performed in Java
programming. The three main types of operators are Arithmetical, Logical and
Relational.
Question 2
How is Java expression different from statement?
Answer
An expression is a set of variables, constants and operators i.e. an expression is a
combination of operators and operands. When an expression is assigned to a variable,
the complete set is referred to as a statement.
Question 3
Explain the following with one example each.
(a) Arithmetic operator
Answer
Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations on its operands.
Operands of arithmetic operators must be of numeric type. A few arithmetic operators
operate upon one operand. They are called Unary Arithmetic operators. Other
arithmetic operators operate upon two operands. They are called Binary Arithmetic
operators. As an example consider the below statement: int a = 10 + 20;
Here, the addition arithmetic operator, represented by the symbol + will add 10 and 20.
So variable a will be 30.
(b) Relational operator
Answer
Relational operators are used to determine the relationship between the operands.
Relational operators compare their operands to check if the operands are equal to ( ==
), not equal to ( != ), less than ( < ), less than equal to ( <= ), greater than ( > ), greater
than equal to ( >= ) each other. The result of an operation involving relation operators is
a boolean value — true or false. Example:
int a = 8; int b = 10;
boolean c = a < b;
Here, as a is less than b so the result of a < b is true. Hence, boolean variable c becomes
true.
(c) Logical operator [ && (and) || (or) ! (not) ]
Answer
Logical operators operate on boolean expressions to combine the results of these
boolean expression into a single boolean value. Example:
int a = 7; int b = 10;
boolean c = a < b && a % 2 == 0;
Here, the result of first boolean expression a < b is true and the result of second
boolean expression a % 2 is false. The logical AND operator ( && ) combines these true
and false boolean values and gives a resultant boolean value as false. So, boolean
variable c becomes false.
(d) Ternary operator
Answer
Ternary operator operates on three operands. Its syntax is:
condition ? expression 1 : expression 2
Ternary operator evaluates the condition. If the condition is true then result of ternary
operator is the value of expression 1. Otherwise the result is the value of expression 2.
Example:
boolean isLeapYear = true; int febDays = isLeapYear ? 29 : 28;
Here, the ternary operator checks if the value of boolean variable isLeapYear is true or
false. As it is true, expression 1, which in this example is the value 29, is the result of the
ternary operator. So, int variable febDays becomes 29.
Question 4
Distinguish between:
(a) Unary & Binary arithmetic operator
Answer
Unary Arithmetic Operator Binary Arithmetic Operator
It operates on a single operand It operates on two operands
Increment (++) and Decrement (--) operators areMultiplication (*) and Division (/) are examples
examples of Unary Arithmetic Operators of Binary Arithmetic Operators
(b) Postfix increment and Prefix increment
Answer
Postfix Increment Prefix Increment
It works on the principle of CHANGE-THEN
It works on the principle of USE-THEN-CHANGE.
USE.
The increment operator (++) is written after the The increment operator (++) is written before
operand. the operand.
Example:
Example: int a = 99;
int a = 99; int b = ++a;
int b = a++; After the execution of these statement, a will
After the execution of these statement, a will have the value of 100 and b will have the
have the value of 100 and b will have the value of 99 value of 100
(c) Postfix decrement and Prefix decrement
Answer
Postfix Decrement Prefix Decrement
It works on the principle of CHANGE-
It works on the principle of USE-THEN-CHANGE.
THENUSE.
The decrement operator (--) is written after the The decrement operator (--) is written
operand. before the operand.
Example: int a = 100; Example: int a = 100;
int b = a--; int b = --a;
After the execution of these statement, a will After the execution of these statement, a
have the value of 99 and b will have the value of willhave the value of 99 and b will have the
100 value of 99
Question 5
What is the difference between
(a) / and % operator?
Answer
Division operator / Modulus operator %
Returns the remainder of division operation
Returns the quotient of division operation
Example: int b = 5 % 2; Here b will get the value of 1
Example: int a = 5 / 2; Here a will get the which is the remainder of this division operation
value of 2 which is the quotient of this
division operation
(b) = and == ?
Answer
= ==
It is the assignment operator used for It is the equality operator used to check if a variable is
assigning a value to a variable. equal to another variable or literal.
Example:
Example: int a = 10; if (a == 10)
This statement assigns 10 to variable a. This statement checks if variable a is equal to 10 or not
Question 6(a)
What will be the output of the following code?
int k=5,j=9; k+= k++ - ++j + k;
[Link]("k="+k);
[Link]("j="+j);
Output
k=6 j=10
Explanation
k+= k++ - ++j + k k
= k + (k++ - ++j + k) k
= 5 + (5 - 10 + 6) k = 5
+1 k=6
Question 6(b)
If int y =10 then find int z = (++y*(y++ +5));
Output z
= 176
Explanation
z = (++y*(y++ +5))
z = (11 * (11 + 5))
z = (11 * 16) z =
176
Question 6(c)
Give the output of the following expression: a+=
a++ + ++a + --a + a--; when a = 7;
Output a
= 39
Explanation
a+= a++ + ++a + --a + a-- a
= a + (a++ + ++a + --a + a--) a
= 7 + (7 + 9 + 8 + 8) a = 7 + 32
a = 39
Question 6(d)
What is the value of y after the execution?
y+= ++y + y-- + --y; when int y=8
Output y
= 33
Explanation
y+= ++y + y-- + --y y
= y + (++y + y-- + --y) y
= 8 + (9 + 9 + 7) y = 8 +
25 y = 33
Question 7
Rewrite the following program segment using if-else statements instead of the ternary
operator.
(a) String grade = (marks>=90)?"A": (marks>=80)? "B": "C";
Answer
String grade;
if (marks >= 90)
grade = "A";
else
if (marks >= 80)
grade = "B";
else
grade = "C";
(b) commission = (sale > 5000) ? sale*10/100 : 0;
Answer
if (sale > 5000)
commission = sale * 10 / 100;
else
commission = 0;
(c) net = (salary > 10000) ? salary - (8.33/100)*salary : salary - (5/100)*salary
Answer
if (salary > 10000)
net = salary - (8.33/100) * salary;
else
net = salary - (5/100) * salary;
(d) s = (a + b < c || a + c <= b || b + c <= a) ? "Triangle is not possible": "Triangle is
possible";
Answer
if (a + b < c || a + c <= b || b + c <= a)
s = "Triangle is not possible";
else
s = "Triangle is possible";
(e) c = (x >= 'A' && x<= 'Z') ? "Upper Case Letter" : "Lower Case Letter";
Answer
if (x >= 'A' && x <= 'Z')
c = "Upper Case Letter";
else
c = "Lower Case Letter";
Question 8
Rewrite the following using ternary operator.
(a) if (x % 2 == 0)
[Link]("Even");
else
[Link]("Odd");
Answer
[Link](x % 2 == 0 ? "Even" : "Odd");
(b)
if (bill > 10000)
discount=bill*10.0/100;
else
discount=bill*5.0/100;
Answer
discount = bill > 10000 ? bill*10.0/100 : bill*5.0/100;
(c)
if(income < 10000)
tax = 0;
else
tax = 12;
Answer
tax = income < 10000 ? 0 : 12;
(d)
if(a > b)
{
if (a > c)
g = a;
else
g = c;
}
else
if (b > c)
g = b;
else
g = c;
Answer
g = a > b ? a > c ? a : c : b > c ? b : c;
(e)
if (p >= 4750)
k = p * 5 / 100;
else
k = p * 10 / 100;
Answer
k = (p >= 4750) ? p * 5 / 100 : p * 10 / 100;