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Introduction To NoSQL

This document introduces NoSQL databases, which are non-relational and flexible in schema, making them suitable for large-scale applications that require high performance and scalability. It compares SQL and NoSQL, highlighting key differences in schema, scalability, and performance, and outlines various types of NoSQL databases such as document, key-value, graph, and column-based. The conclusion emphasizes that NoSQL is preferable for data-intensive, globally distributed systems.

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ananya.rana2004
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3 views2 pages

Introduction To NoSQL

This document introduces NoSQL databases, which are non-relational and flexible in schema, making them suitable for large-scale applications that require high performance and scalability. It compares SQL and NoSQL, highlighting key differences in schema, scalability, and performance, and outlines various types of NoSQL databases such as document, key-value, graph, and column-based. The conclusion emphasizes that NoSQL is preferable for data-intensive, globally distributed systems.

Uploaded by

ananya.rana2004
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

INTRODUCTION TO NOSQL DATABASES

In the previous lecture, we learned how to integrate MySQL with Hadoop using the Sqoop
utility to import and export data between these two systems. From this lecture onward, we
are going to discuss NoSQL, which is one of the most trending topics in the world of Big Data.

WHAT IS NOSQL?

NoSQL stands for "Not Only SQL." It does not negate SQL but extends beyond it. NoSQL
databases are non-relational databases that do not follow a fixed schema and store data in
formats other than rows and columns.

WHY NOSQL IS NEEDED

Relational databases work well for small to medium-scale applications, but they struggle with
very large datasets, high read/write speeds, and global-scale applications. Companies like
Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Amazon generate petabytes of data, where speed and
scalability matter more than strict structure.

KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF NOSQL

● - Schema-less or flexible schema


● - Supports structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data
● - Uses key-value, document, graph, or column-based storage
● - Highly scalable and high performance

SQL VS NOSQL COMPARISON

Type:

● SQL: Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)


● NoSQL: Non-relational / Distributed databases

Schema:

● SQL: Fixed schema


● NoSQL: Dynamic schema

Scalability:

● SQL: Vertical scalability


● NoSQL: Horizontal scalability

Performance:

● SQL: Best for complex queries


● NoSQL: Best for large-scale data and fast access

TYPES OF NOSQL DATABASES


1. Document Databases: Data stored as JSON or XML documents. Example: MongoDB
2. Key-Value Databases: Data stored as key-value pairs. Example: Redis
3. Graph Databases: Stores entities and relationships. Example: Neo4j
4. Column-Based Databases: Optimized for aggregation queries. Examples: HBase,
Cassandra

WHEN TO USE NOSQL

● - Agile development
● - Large volumes of data
● - Variety of data formats
● - Horizontal scalability
● - Real-time analytics

ADVANTAGES OF NOSQL

● - Flexible schema
● - High availability
● - No single point of failure
● - High performance
● - Easy scalability
● - Handles all data formats

CONCLUSION

Relational databases are sufficient for small applications, but for large-scale, data-intensive,
globally distributed systems, NoSQL is the better choice. In the next lecture, we will discuss
HBase in detail.

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