Trend
Intro + overview
What
when
where
The chart illustrates how much oil was produced daily in four countries between
2000 and 2004.
The chart illustrates how many car theft, house burglary, and street robbery cases
were reported in England and Wales bt 1970 and 2015.
The chart illustrates how French citizens invested their money in four different
asset fields from 1950 to 2000.
the chart illustrates the number of Vietnamese students/ the figure for vietnamese
students/ the amount of money/ the figure for money that
The X chart/ graph + illustrates/ compares + how much (many)/ how/ the
percentage of/ the number/amount of + S + V + O/ N + O
tip: try to change N to V
Overview:
Overall, there was a rise in the proportion of state expenditure on road and
transport infrastructure in the US, while decreases were seen in the remaining
nations.
Additionally, it is important to note that Portugal generally had the highest figures
throughout the period/ consistently had the lowest figures…
Overall, despite some fluctuations, there was an increase in the amount of money
spent on books…
The line chart illustrates how much fish and other types of meat were consumed
per season weekly from…to. Overall, there was a decrease in the amount of beef,
and fish eaten, while the opposite could be seen in the figure of chicken.
Additionally, fish consistently had the lowest figures throughout the period.
Body
C1: The number of students applying to Brown uni started at 4m students, after
which this figure/ it experienced a sig increase to reach a peak of 14m in the next
years, before ending the period at 8 million in 2000./
C2: There were 4 million students who decided to send their college application to
Brown uni in 1970, with a subsequent increase to reach a peak of 14m af 15y, but
then it fell back to exactly 8m in 2000.
C3: Starting at 4m was the number of students applying to Brown uni at the
begining, followed by a sig incr to reach a peak of 14m in 1985, and then dropped
back to 8,
C4:
the figures for orange and grey both decreased slightly over the course of time
(1980-1990), decreasing from around 170 million and exactly 200 million to the
same point at 150 million in 1990.
4 categories -> group 2-3 cai similar và ít thay đổi nhất
2,3 ca -> chia đôi chart thành 2 giai đoạn tg
British emigration to selected destinations - 2004-2007
intro:
what: people from England=British
where: 5 different countries
when: from 2004 to 2007/ between 2004 and 2007
the bar chart illustrates how many people migrated to 5 different nations from 2004
to 2007.
overall: despite some fluctuations, there was an increase in the number of
immigrants from the UK to Australia, while decreases can be seen in the remaining
nations. Additionally, Australia consistently had the highest figures throughout the
period.
Body:
Looking first at countries with the most significant changes, Australia was the most
popular destination for British emigrants in 2004, with a figure of around 40000.
This number declined slightly after the first year and then spiked to reach a peak of
about 52000 in 2006, before falling back to just 44000 at the end. Conversely, but
to a lower extent the number of British moving to France experienced a surge to a
high of around 33000 in 2005, after which it dropped considerably to just under
20000 in 2007.
Moving to Spanish and New Zealand, the number of British people emigrating to
these countries both recorded a steady fall over the course of time, decreasing from
3500 and 23000 in 2004 to 28000 and 20000 respectively. A similar change could
be seenin the US, it was among the least popular destinations, with its figure
matching those of NZ and France at 23000 at the begining, followed by a
fluctuation
The chart illustrates how much toxic gases emitted into the atmosphere from 3
different sources in the UK…
Overall, there was a delice/increase in the total amount of air pollutant in the UK,
which was the result of the decreases in the amounts of emissions from industrial
and domestic activities, while increases can be seen in transport vehicles.
Additionally, the amount of air pollutant released from transport vehicles saw a sig
increase in the latter half of period, surpassing the industry sector to become the
most serious polluter.? Additionally, households consitently had the lowest figures
throughout the period.
Structure: there was a delice/increase in the total amout/nember of …in…, wwhich
was result the decreases in
Just under 8 milion tons of air pollutants were Discharged from 3 sectors at the
beginning with a subquent progressive declined to 5m tons at the end of period.
Similarly, the figure for the industry sector decreased steadily from 6m in 1990 to
exactly 2m in 2005.
The amount of toxic fumes released from the transport started at 1m tons, after
which this figure experienced mild fluctuations around this level, before
increasisng considerably from just around 1.2m tons in 1999 to exactly 3m tons in
2005. A converse change, but to a lesser extent, could be seen in the figures for
household activities, stablizing at 1m of air po in the first 10y, followed by a
progressive decrease to almot 0 in 2005.
The line chart illustrates how many people used 5 different means of
communication worldwide/global bt 1998 and 2008.
overall, there was an increase in the number of users of all 5 examined
communication services, with cellular phone service withnesing a drastic rise to
surpass that of landline, making it the most pop ser from 2002 onwards./ with
cellular phone ser enjoying the most considerable growth to become by far the
most pop ser from 2002 onwards.
The number of subcribes to landline ser started at around 15m, after which it
experienced a progressive rise to 20m in 2006, before ending the period at ab 19m.
Similarly, not until the year 2003 did pp start using fixed boardband and mobile
broadband, and these figures of services increase slightly to north of 4m at the end
of period.
Ab 5m pp subcribed to cellular phone ser in 1998, with a subsequent gradual
growth to roughly 18m 4y later, and a final sig growth to just over 65, in 2008.
Similar changes, but to a lesser extent, can be seen in the figures for internet
service, which increased from just under 5m in 1998 to exactly 20m in 2006, and
then sabilzed at this leve towards the end of the given period.
1.
The chart illustrates how much renewable energy was supplied in 4 different
countries between 1997 and 2010.
The Percentage of sustainable energy generated in Iceland started at around 45% in
1997, after which it experienced remarkable growth, reaching 60% in 2006, before
ending at exactly 70 four years later. Sweden showed a similar trend, as the
amount of natural energy produced gradually grew throughout the period, rising
from 5% in 1997 to almost 10% in 2010.
Turkey’s renewable energy supply showed a fluctuating pattern, beginning at
around 38% in 1997, then gently went up at above 40% before dropping to 33%.
Meanwhile, Australia began with nearly 10% 1997, and this figure decreased
by half to around 5% in 2010.
Overall, despite some fluctuations, there was an increase in the production of
renewable energy in Sweden and Iceland, while decreases can be seen in Turkey
and Australia. Additionally, Iceland consistently had the most considerable growth
through the period, making it the country that produced the highest proportion of
renewable energy.
Comparison
the chart illustrates the proportion of Vietnamese teenage boys and girls in Vietnam
engaging/taking part in / joinin in/ participating in different leisure/pastime/recreational
activities
1st highest - 2nd highest - 1st lowest - 2nd lowest - similar and opposing features
overall, while boys generally enjoyed outdoor activities the most, girls, on the other hand,
tended to prefer indoor ones. Additionally, dramatic differences were not seen in the
figures for teenagers of both genders playing video games or watching DvDs.
the chart illustrates why people migrated to and from the UK in 2007.
Overall, the percentage of people moving in or out of the UK to undertake a permanent
job was the highest in both groups. Additionally, the lowest proportion in terms of the
immigration group was those with no specific reason stated, as for the emigration this
was formal study.
Overall, the percentage of people moving in or out of the UK to undertake a permanent
job was the highest in both groups. Additionally, the figure for those coming to the UK to
pursue formal education was also significant, but this is the least stated factor among
emigrants.
the chart illustrates how much money 5 organizations spent on 4 differnt spending areas
in 2010.
overall, organization B invested by far the most resources in all categories, with the
largest part of its expenditure going on building. This was also the key spending area in
organizations D and E. Additionally, while organization A spent most in staff training
programs, this area received the least amount of money in organization C.
overall, people in 5 mentioned nations allocated the largest portion of their income for
food and beverages, and housing. Additionally, clothing is the smallest spending area in
all of the countries studied, except for Turkey
CLAUSE: indicate the highest or the lowest one
(1) the oil consumption in Japan was about 70 million, and the figures for Vietnam and
Canade were lower, at 20 million and 35 million respectively.
the amount of oil consumed by the Vietnamese accounted for 20 million, and the figures
for Japan and Canada were higher, at 35 million and 70 million respectively.
The percentage of immigration to the UK to have a long-term job, was similar with
emigration, at 30% and 29% respectively. Meanwhile, there were no dramatic
differences to be seen in the proportion of immigrants and emigrants in terms of
accompanying or joining relatives, with respective figures being 15% and 13%;
followed closely by those who stated no reason to go and other, at 6% and 11% for
immigration and 18% and 14% for emigration.
The proportion of people migrating to the UK for a definite job was slightly higher than
those leaving for the same reason, at 30% compared to 29%. In contrast, the percentage
of individuals who gave no reason for emigrating was three times higher than those
immigrating, at 18% versus just 6%. Similarly, a greater proportion of emigrants stated
“other” reasons (14%) compared to 11% of immigrants. Meanwhile, the percentages of
people who moved to or from the UK to accompany or join someone were relatively
similar, at 15% for immigration and 13% for emigration.
The percentages of people moving to and out the UK for a permanent career purpose
took the largest piece, at 30% and 29% respectively. Similarities can be witnessed in the
proportion of people who wanted to live with their family, which was 15% for
immigration and 13% for emigration. However, there was a small difference (at 10%) in
the number of people finding a job abroad.
Map
To the northern end of the town
north (n) -> nothern (adj)
top right-hand corner
in the heart of = middle=center=central
S = nam
east = đông
is to the eastern end of the map
northwest
two-floor house was constructed in 2000
a construction of my two-floor house was occurred in 2000
there used to be a 4-floor house, then it was converted into a new restaurant,
There used to be a house, but then it was replaced by a new restaurant./ but it was
then relocated to the northern end of the town to make way for a new construction
of a restaurant.
The pictures illustrate how Lynnfield town changed from 1936 to 2007.
The changes that took place in Lynn town bt 1936 to 2007
The town underwent a number of dramatic changes and development, the most
important of which was the construction of a new residential area, catering for the
accommodation needs of citizens.
the addition of new amenities and facilities in the heart of the town, catering for the
recreational needs of the citizens.
layout=structure=design=rearrangement=floor plan =site plan
b1: intr
b2: chọn chỗ thay đổi đáng kể nhất
b3: xác định những chỗ ko thay đổi ghi trc, sau đó dùng while để nhấn mạnh
b4:
Layout = design
layout = design / structure / rearrangement / floor plan / site plan
The pictures illustrate the changes that took place in the design of the Nature
museum from 2010 to 2013.
Overall: the museum underwent a number of significant changes and development,
the most important of which was the expansion of its area, catering for the
recreational needs of visitors.
On the left hand side of the museum, while the 2 areas at the bottom including the
entrance door, the ticket desk, the central lobby, and the Dinosaurs section to the
West remained unchanged, the entire northern area saw a number of changes. The
ocea hall display area, located opposite to the lobby to the North, was extended to
the left regarding its area, AND the mammals section next to it was also expanded
and replaced by the Ice Age exhibition, with a small portion in the bottom right
hand corner allocated to an Insects display.
Process
the picture shows the process for canning pears
the diagram illustrates the process of producing/manufacturing canned pears
the diagram illustrates how to manufacture canned pears (V)
the diagram illustrates how to can pears
the diagram illustrates how canned pears are produced
overall, the process consists of / includes a number of steps, from picking
fruits/pears by hand, through several preparion and cooking stages, to the final
products being delivered to the market / custormers.
the flow chart illustrates how a company'r HR hires/employs/recruits new
employees to fill their vacancies.
Overall, the process consists of a number of steps, from drawing up a list of
requirements, through application, completion, assessing, and interviewing, to the
successful applicants being offered the job, along with rejection letters being sent
to unsuitable ones.
Sth be washed with (high-pressure) water to refine any impurity
Industrial/clinical process
specialized machine
unwanted bacteria
The diagram illustrates the process of manufacturing bricks for industrial use.
Overall, the process consists of a number of stages, beginning with digging clay
from the ground and ending with the bricks being packed and delivered to the
market.
In the first stage, the clay is dug from the ground using a large digger. It is then
passed through a metal grid to remove rocks, after which the filtered clay is mixed
with sand and water. After mixing, the clay is shaped into bricks using a mould or
a wire cutter.
The bricks are then placed in a drying oven for one or two days before being
heated in a kiln, first at a moderate temperature ranging from 200°C to 980°C,
and then at a higher temperature ranging from 870°C and 1,300°C. After that, the
bricks are cooled in a cooling chamber for two to three days until they become
hard and stable. In the final stage, the finished bricks are packed and delivered to
the customers.
The diagram illustrates the process by which bricks are manufactured for
construction purposes. In general, it can be seen that there are seven main
stages in the process, starting with the preparation of clay and culminating in
the delivering stage.
To initiate the process, clay is excavated from the ground using a big digger.
It then passes through a metal grid before moving to a roller where it is mixed
with sand and water. At the following stage, the clay can be moulded into
bricks using two methods: placement in a mould or utilization of a wire
cutter.
In the fourth phase of the process, the clay bricks are positioned within a
drying oven for a duration of one to two days. Following this, they undergo
heating in a kiln, initially at a moderate temperature ranging from 200 to 980
degrees Celsius, then at an elevated temperature of up to 1300 degrees
Celsius, preceding a period of two to three days within a cooling chamber.
The final step is that the completed bricks are packaged and transported.