Scribd
Upload
7 views32 pages

Instruments

The document outlines various medical instruments and their uses, including blood collection tubes, biopsy needles, and laboratory equipment for tests such as Hb estimation and urine analysis. It details the proper order of blood draw to prevent contamination and describes the indications for procedures like bone marrow aspiration and liver biopsy. Additionally, it covers techniques for tissue processing and the significance of specific gravity measurements in urine analysis.

Uploaded by

Shamanjan Bera
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
7 views32 pages

Instruments

The document outlines various medical instruments and their uses, including blood collection tubes, biopsy needles, and laboratory equipment for tests such as Hb estimation and urine analysis. It details the proper order of blood draw to prevent contamination and describes the indications for procedures like bone marrow aspiration and liver biopsy. Additionally, it covers techniques for tissue processing and the significance of specific gravity measurements in urine analysis.

Uploaded by

Shamanjan Bera
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
faTHoLoaY CNSTRUMENTS —> PRK Po) OVacuratneR Fluoride Citrate > Heparin Black citrate wittobe tube OER S westeysen tube $ Stand @ Salah 8M aspiration needle @ Tamshidi trephine biopsy needle © Trve cut biopsy needle © Lumbar Puncture peedle 2 ws eg Sahit's Hb estimation Whe @ Sapii’s Hb estimation — Hb pipette > glass vod stirrer S com a vocko distiied H2o RBC pipette j WBC pipette @® Improved Nevbeurs Chambey Urinometer ‘ A — avisera @ @lood grovping —, frase 8 ( Blood Gags @® Tissue processing —7 paraffin block TS leufharts plate / L movid Metal Cassete Color of vacutainer cap Anticoagulant Red cap Grey cap Lavender cap ‘Blue cap Green Yellow cap No anticoagulant ee EDTA Sodium citrate Heparin No anticoagulant, has a clot activator which expedites clotting and prevents hemolysis of red cells Uses ‘Serum estimation for LFT, KFT Blood sugar CBC, sickling test, Hb electrophoresis, ESR ( Coagulation studies, ESR by Westergren’s method Osmotic fragility and red cell enzyme deficiency ‘Serum estimation for LFT, KFT © The recommended order of blood draw is crucial to avoid contamination between tubes. The order is: 1. Culture bottles (Yellow top) ‘Sodium citrate tube (Light blue top) for coagulation Serum tubes (Red or Gold top) Heparin tube (Green top) |. EDTA tube (Purple or Pink top) . Sodium fluoride/EDTA tube (Grey top) - These are the strongest and should be drawn last. Stilt safe 1 Bloat exsture 2 Serum Mes wim or & Heparin be or at wad Oot ace we im or wena get caper * Amnemonic to remember the order is suggested: Culture, Citrate, Serum, Heparin, EDTA, Fluoride (HGF). aye Exythvocyte Sedimentation Rate Principte : Anticoagulated Blood —9 vertically > RC thy) Sediment er — ottow | a ER ee travel Mechanism : ©) charge _ OF R@C’s RoC adhere eae Spot = Stoges LO Stage of Rovleaux formation Comin) Gm) @ Stage of Sedimentation (40 min) \hy @ stage of facking (to min) Wintrobe’s Tbe westergren tube & Stond lower end Closed Fropen ok both ends k both side marking 0 +0 (0 * = 300mm, d= 2-5 mm Ion ark st L slo mm , diometer: 3mm Ooo Hy % Black @ulb blood vse (- IE Se CUE CHtisod: Cirade ) + EDTA blood use Modified weckeyoven —2 EDTA ® ESR Female < 20mm Mate < lomm age so sgt — Femate < 30 mm (A) ese Fsk 3h AN (jnftommotion (8A, SLE) ennrey infection we = finemia. a = Macrocytosir Mutipte Myetomal-x46n) Pa Preg nang y Malignaacy te Mate < 20mm EsR wv folycythemia Hyperviscoci ic SNadvedt Sickte ceil ~~ Microcytos Lr Spherocytosic Livey , Kidney discase ear ~ prognostic Pe * Salah 8M Aspiration Needle Sites: sas, sternum, “bial nen Smears ay ie a Cmethonol 9S /:) Stai “Ceomaousky » Pearls Stain) Smear > hemato poetic tissue Fatty Marrow Famshidi trephine BM biopsy Nake ts Needle A ¢ sites. PSZs. Tibia Cchild) , steroum Handle — KLE stain biopsy Tre cur biogs Needle — Coplin Jar ced) SALAH BONE MARROW his ASPIRATION NEEDLE | cy Parts of the needle Bicol 1g Cannula Adjustable side guard: This is important part, which ‘ helps in adjusting the depth im of penetration of the needle. Kuma needie Adjustable quard SALAH BONE MARROW ASPIRATION NEEDLE Indications of the bone marrow aspiration a. Red cell disorders : megaloblastic anemia Pure red cell aplasia b. WBC disorders: leukemia and subleukemic leukemias, c. Platelet disorders: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpuras d. Myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplatic syndroms e. In evaluation of fever of unknown origin. =. ——— Bifid needle Trocar /Stilette Canula SSN Sale) eG NEEDLE Indications for liver biopsy a. In evaluation of jaundice b. Liver cirrhosis c. Storage disorders: glycogen storage disease, hemochromatosis, wilson’s disease d. Granulomatous lesions like tuberculosis and sarcoidosis e. To diagnose benign and malignant neoplasms 2 Giagnostic 7 Savy x6 lumbar Puncture Needle a Herepeutic + Best site Lgtoly 7 Lo to ly ‘indicosions c/x J 1 Suspicious Meningitis Skin infection Near site =I |e SAH aice Tt —lI— CNS diseoser Uncorrected coagulopaty Acute S-C “Trauma Meningitis @ cst a Cleay, colorless PMNL | Neutrophils — o- s/mm? Glucose —» So— 80 mg/ dt Proteins —y IS — YS mglde i hyopi iro Nr yon C MONG sedoh ters ( tuberculour [eaphocyc Pn R eumococcus” ® MTB, Cryphococeus & entero viv) * pmue 7 ; ques U K Proteins highly PMNL slight (Y ( ce) +e pus like cloudy & (evtuleary don+ se rete csF Ceoh web ViXe) = CSF . Naked eye appearance CSF pressure }. Cells }. Glucose . Bacteriology . Protein |. Chloride Clear and colourless 60-150 mm 04 lymphocytes/ mi 50-80 mg/dl Sterile Cloudy or frankly purutent mm water) 1000-100000 Neutrophils/1 Markedly reduced Causative Organisms present Elevated Clear or slightly turbid, Clear or slightly turbid forms fibrin coagulum ‘on standing Elevated (above 180 Elevated (above _ Elevated (above 300 250 mm water) mm water) 10-100 100-1000 Mononuclears/1 — Mononuclears/p1 Normal Reduced Tubercle bacilli Present Elevated Elevated Reduced Markedly reduced Reduced Dr. PRIYANKA SACHDEV Hh + Add —7 Add feasting Chrown) A Hb - Ak = Sabli’s Hb estimation Method Comparotor { et Stiveer ab i’s Hb estimatt (30 pipette Sahli’s Hb imation +Whe ro Ae 4 mnproved Nevbays chamber ~Kuse: bc, WBC, Platelet » Sferm Coutts e stimakion #9 R6C Pipette Mec eitnaton RBC pipette gy Y Hayem's futd 7 aeiali : 2? daci =——¢ BH age, wn 7 Ee I S Oiluton Factor: 1 200 ¥10 WBC pipette Woe pes a WBC estimation PU S vse il Torks Flutd os Ailvtion factor aay 20 Uvinometer 4M ino = Measure Heats URINOMETER USE? 1 SP. GRAVITY Method ? The urinometer is _floated in a cylin. con taining urine. The depth to which it sinks in the Urine indicates the specific gravity of the urine, which is read on the urinometer scale at the jun of the urine with the air. 0001- for each 3°C Normal : - 1.005- 1.030 Significance :- 1. indicates solids and crystals dissolved in urine 2. Relative degree of concentration. Low sp. Gravity ? Diabetes insipidus ( 1.001-1.003) Large water intake Chronic pylonephritis Chronic glomerulonephritis High sp. Gravity ? Low water intake Glucose and protein in urine Loss of water ESBACH’S ALBUMINOMETER How u identify this ? Ans (A thick-walled glass tube with *R’ mark a and ‘U" mark below. At the lower part of t there are a few graduations with numerical mark ings. R> UPPER U> LowER use? Used for quantitative estimation of protein (albumin) in urine METHOD ? 1. SAMPLE :- 24hr urine sample 2. UPTOU:- URINE 3. UPTOR: REAGENT 4. mixed well and kept in the stand in at room temperature at a vibration 24 hours. The level of precipita bottom is measured by as gm/liter: aduation and ex COMPOSITIONS OF REAGENT? 1. PICRICACID > 10mg 2. CITRIC ACID > 20 mg 3, DIST WATER > 1000 ml Blood grouping Z Forwa Revere fuosty Jrovpitg ee fry look for Ay Ab + Capacity ¢— LA 350 or yso me) aed Blood bags sk Blood nee K Anticoagelontr a M- 60 yrs cep 21 days ee ee cPDA 35 aoys ~+ Wt Sng CPD + sham ud days 7 BP © 100-!vo © 60 - Jo cart Mial SEC © tissue embedding Hssve block Prepare Me: Cacsett (6) Section cotting sbi Cmicistome) a wotty bath J @® Section slide coated € egg Albumin ror £ moulds /leukhorts Piose adnepive agent. 2 DeparofFroston — hot plote or oven | also xylene @ Hydroston Chighey to (ower grade a cvhols) ® Staining g Movntiag CH ££) L. Moulds (brass) Leukart's L blocks LOTT For making parafin blocks. Can be made of different sizes by adjusting I-mould. BB St0 mt oiae od pS ited lte met lle) oe) processing, embedding, and sectioning procedures as well as storage. y// Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) Syringe Device used to inject fluid or. withdraw blood. 0 aspirate tissue during FNAC Needles Various gauges. Smaller the number — wider bore/internal diameter Larger number -smaller re Ur eu Cue Diamond Glass Marking pencil LOFT used on marking permanent on glass slide and test tube. virtually any surface, including metal, glass, or plastic Franzen Handle ET BCR e-LieM tel aod performing FNAC Pap smear, also known as a Pap test or Papanicolaou test: * Itis used for: A) Piaoasls atintoations <2 Bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis. B) reening for Cancer e.g. Cervix cancer. Pap smear equipment + | & cu te omar Spataa wth Cervix brush Endocervical _Coplin jar noedendedtip (Cervex Broom) —_Cytobrush containing fixative as | Tongue blade Cotton swab Glass slide Liquid cytology vial Coplin jar: ET For holding microscopic slides vertically during staining and washing smears/sections on the fe] EES fe (oto [Link] silvermen s niddle “9 [Link] © vacutte [Link] citrate vacutte [Link]-A serum [Link]-B 4 corr Lumber puncture needle [Link]'s reagent [Link]-D searum 11Infant scalp venous set [Link] [Link] vacutte(NAF) [Link] ter [Link] bag [Link] bag 19. paraffin wax 20. Liver biopsy niddle } USES OF ABOVE DESCRIBED INSTRUMENTS BONE MARROW ASPIRATION 2. _ FOR TISSUE CORE BIOPSY FROM LIVER 3. “FOR BONE MARROW CORE BIOPSY FOR STUDY OF MARROW COMPONENTS: 4, FOR ASPIRATION OF CSF BY LUMBAR TAP FOR MAKING TISSUE BLOCKS IN WAX FOR SERUM COLLECTION FOR PRESERVATION OF BLOOD WITHOUT CLOT FORMATION. FOR TAKING THE PROTHROMBIN TIME 2 eNoe USED IN COOMBS TEST 12. COLLECTION OF URINE 13. COLLECTION OF BLOOD WITH THE USE OF ANTICOAGULANTS 16. FOR MEASURING THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY(GRAVITY INCREASED IN DM,ACUTE (GLOMERULONEPHRITIS) 17. FOR PREVENTING THE GLYCOLYSIS OF BLOOD 18. FOR MEASURING THE ALBUMIN LEVEL 19. FOR TITISSUE PREPARII 9. FOR TITISSUE ING. S 20, USEFUL IN LIVER BIOPSY

You might also like