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03 02 R Data Structures II Matrices

The document provides an overview of matrices, including their structure, creation methods, properties, and element access techniques. It also covers matrix modification, arithmetic operations, and algebraic functions. Additionally, it discusses summarizing matrices using various functions.

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1 views9 pages

03 02 R Data Structures II Matrices

The document provides an overview of matrices, including their structure, creation methods, properties, and element access techniques. It also covers matrix modification, arithmetic operations, and algebraic functions. Additionally, it discusses summarizing matrices using various functions.

Uploaded by

aqib8675
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Matrices

Matrix M is a two-dimensional object


with n rows and m columns:

Matrix? a(1,1) a(1,2) ... a(1,m)

a(2,1) a(2,2) ... a(2,m)

... ... ... ...

a(n,1) a(n,2) ... a(n,m)


Create a matrix
We can create a matrix using:

● Function matrix()
○ M <- matrix(data = 1:4, nrow = 2, ncol = 2)
● By combining vectors cbind(), rbind()
○ M <- rbind(c(1,2), c(3,4))
● By altering dimension of a vector dim()
○ dim(v) <- c(2, 2)
Matrix properties
Matrix M holds different properties:

● Matrix dimension (rows, columns)


○ dim(M)

● Matrix row names


○ rownames(M)

● Matrix column names


○ colnames(M)

● We can access matrix properties by:


○ attributes(M)
Access matrix elements []
We can access matrix M elements using:

● Integer vector as index


○ M[c(1, 2, 3), c(1, 2)]
● Logical vector as index
○ M[c(TRUE, TRUE, TRUE), c(TRUE, TRUE, FALSE)]
● Character vector as index (if we assigned names to matrix elements)
○ M[c(“row1”, “row2”, “row3”), c(“col1”, “col2”,)]
● Range of indexes (slicing rows and columns)
○ M[1:3, 1:2]
Modifying a matrix
● Alter matrix elements
○ M[1, 3] <- 6 | M <- M[1:2, ]
● Transpose a matrix
○ M <- t(M)
● Append a row to matrix
○ M <- rbind(M, c(1, 2, 3))
● Append a column to matrix
○ M <- cbind(M, c(1, 2, 3))
● Alter matrix dimension
○ dim(M) <- c(1, 9)
Matrix arithmetics Element-wise multiplication

● Addition: M1 + M2
1 2 3 2 2 2 2 4 6
● Subtraction: M1 - M2
● Multiplication: M1 * M2
4 5 6 * 2 2 2 = 8 10 12

7 8 9 2 2 2 14 16 18
● Division: M1 / M2
● Using different functions:
log(M1) Matrix based multiplication

● Vector-matrix style
1 2 3 2 2 2 12 12 12
multiplication: M1 %*% M2
● ...
4 5 6 %*% 2 2 2 = 30 30 30

7 8 9 2 2 2 48 48 48
Matrix algebra
rbind(M1,M2)
cbind(M1,M2)
diag(M)

colSums(M) rowSums(M)
colMeans(M) rowMeans(M)

det(M)
solve(M)
eigen(M)
...
Summarizing a matrix
apply(matrix, margin, function)

margin = 1 margin = 2 sum


M
max
min
mean
median
sd
var
across rows across cols ...

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