ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

2ND PROJECT 9066 (Syntax)

NAME: STUDENTID:

SEMESTER:2ND AUTUMN 2023 PROGRAM:BS ENGLISH (2.5)

SUBMITTED TO :
QUESTION:

 Read the English text of “The

Necklace’ (short story) written by French writer Guy De
Maupassant (first written in 1884). Study in detail the text
and follow the Following steps.

 A) Enlist the types of Adjective Phrases (Adj Ps) used by

the writer.

 B) Provide certain examples for each kind of the

Adjective Phrases (Adj Ps) Used by Maupassant.
ANSWER:
The Necklace By De Maupassant
GUY DE MAUPASSANT INTRODUCTION:
Born in 1850, Died in 1893.19th Century french author. Important French naturalist writer.
Considered a master of the short story. Wrote 300 short stories, 6 novels, 3 travel books, and 1
volume of verse. Famous short story "The Necklace." His writing focuses on daily life and the
observation of human nature.
 The Necklace

Genre- Short story “usually written in prose and has 1,000 to 20,000 words in length. “The
Necklace” is a fictional short story in the genre of realism.
Genre of Realism- Include irony, surprise ending, and morality tale, for important lessons it
offers the reader.
Narration:Omniscient 3rd person narrator
Written- Written in 1884.
Published- 17 February 1884 in the French newspaper (Le Gaulois).
Setting- Paris in the late 1800s.
Tone- Pessimistic and ironic.
Literary Device- Foreshadowing
Famous- Surprise ending.
Good Story- It gives message and moral for everyone.
Moral lesson- Society should not condemn people Based on their outward appearances.
Not being greedy in life. We should be happy and contented of what we are and what we
have.
Purpose- The story tells us about the negative effects Of pride and vanity and
emphasizes the importance of being content with what one has. How greed leads to
unhappiness, vs Contentment leads to happiness in life
THE NECKLACE SETTING:
Setting- Paris in the late 1800s.“The Necklace” takes place in Paris, France, at the end of
the 19th century During the late 19th century, about the time Guy de Maupassant wrote “The
Necklace,” Paris experienced a period of social, economic, and technological change. Pans
morphed from a medieval city into a modern one with the improvement of France’s
transportation infrastructurn, the rise of new industries, a boom in population, and an
increase in tourism. Sometimes ecferred to as the “Belle Epoque,” meaning the “Lovely Age.
This peaceful time of technological innovation birthed a period of immerse wealth, posh
fashion, and a focus on material goods and consumerism.
THE NECKLACE CHARACTERS:
Here are the key characters in “The Necklace along with a brief description of each.
Madame Mathilde Loisel- Protagonist, beautiful woman, belongs to poor family but
his dream is to be rich and who feels herself "born for every delicacy and luxury." She believes
that superficial things- a ball gown, better furniture, a large house - will make her happy.
Monsieur Loisel- Husband of Mathilde Loisel, satisfied with social condition. He
is attentive to his wife's desires.

Madame Forestier- School friend of Mathilde Loisel, belongs to rich family,

gives her necklace to Mathilde.
The primary symbol in “The Necklace” is the piece of jewelry itself For Mathilde, the necklace she
borrows from her school friend, Madame Forestier, is significant because it represents a promise of a
better life, a life she foods she deserves. But like many modern and material goods, the necklace in
Mandy an imitation of something the
Had Mathilde been able to overcome her pride and jealousy, she could have avoided a life of hard
labor for herself and her husband. The necklace ironically becomes the catalyst to a life of labor that
she actually deserves and becomes emblematic of her greed and selfishness. While making her
husband abandon his wants and despite for a mile to go hunting, the shows a selfish character. The
main message, then, in hew selfish acts are destructive and can lead to a hard, dissatisfying life.
Now let’s look at the themes Guy de Maupassant uncovers in the story,

The Necklace- Symbolizes the wealth and status that Mathilde longs for but cannot
attain. Represents Mathilde’s greed and also her artificiality.

The Mirror – Symbolizes Mathlide’s vanity and the importance she attaches to outward
appearance.
 THE NECKLACE THEMES:

BEAUTY
GENDER
REALITY AND ILLUSION
GREED
HAPPINESS

Beauty:
Guy de Maupassam begins the story by exposing the beauty and grace of the protagonist. The author
questions the fundamental nature of beauty is it something inherent or endowed with social states
First, he examines the question through the example of Mathilde herself. She feels desired by many
men at the ball.
However, it is unclear is it because of her shinning beauty or thanks to her expensive-looking necklace
Then, Guy de Maоралних схтаройлеs the question on the example of the necklace. Liven made of
fake diamonds, it looks gingkoes as a proper attributed of the aristocracy

Gender:
As much grader played a significant role in the society of 19th century France, as it is one of the control
themes at the Necklace. Mathilde is dissatisfied with her life and social status as a woman. At the same
time, as a woman, she has nothing to do to change this.
The only possible option is to marry someone of the upper class. Mathilde’s beauty, intelligence, skills
cannot help her. Lucrative marriage has been the only way for a better life for her and other women at
that time

Reality and illusion:

During the biggest part of the story, the author draws the protagonist's difficulty distinguishing reality
from ilhoson. She prefers to live in the collusive world of prosperity and banquets. On the contrary, her
husband does not daydream. He enjoys his life and is grateful for life's every single aspect. The
unexpected story's final twist proves that appearances, especially the appearance of wealth, an often
at odds with malty
Greed:
One more central ides of the Necklace is greed and its influence on one's dusting. The author wants to
tell the reader that one of the reasons for Mathieu's ongoing anguish of a rich life is basic human greed.
Her life is not Mach unbearable or terrible. The problem is she can't admit that anyone lives beyond her
possibilities. That is perfectly illustrated by how desperate she is every time terming from her wealthy
friend's hone

Happiness:
Happiness has om deals with this short story at first sight. In reality, it is one of the story's sup lifting
thermos
The initial unhappiness of Mathilde appears like her personal choice. She lives an enjoyable middle-
class life. It is not that difficult to be content with it. Instead of focusing on the good things, she
obsesses over what she doesn't have, causing depressive thoughts
Even a single moment of happiness at the ball is fleeting. The one lippy night in the natural effect of a
stunning look and diamond necklace rather than the real Mathilde experienc
However, once spouses have been paying debase for a decade, she seems content and nostalgia.
She is happier than ever boom. Having uncovered the truth about the lost necklace to Jeanne, she
"smiled with a postal and simple joy
Conclusion:
“The Necklace” by Guy de Maupassant is a cape rating short story that delves
into the themes of materialism, appearance, and the consequences of one’s
actions actions. Through the chanter of Madame Loved, the story explodes the
dangers of obsessing over societal expectations and the parse at of material
possessions. It serves as a cautionary tale, remanding readers of the
importance of appreciating what one has and the potential contespeneus of
deceit and dishonesty
THE NECKLAC3E SUMMARY:
Written in 1884. Published in 17 February 1884 in the French newspaper (Le Gaulois). The story
begins with a description of Mathilde Loisel. A Frenchwoman born into the lower class but gripped by
dreams of being part of the wealthy. She constantly longs for fine furnishings and decor, luxurious
clothes, and expensive jeweler. Day after day, Mathilde searches for an existence, she cannot afford.
Her husband's income is low. He is satisfied with social condition. But He is attentive to his wife's
desires. One day Mr. Loisel brings an invitation of party. Mathilde becomes sad. Claiming that she
has no clothes appropriate for the event. She tells Loisel to give the invitation to someone whose wife
can dress for it.
Loisel asked his wife how much money was needed for a suitable dress. She says she needs 400
francs. Surprised at the amount, Loisel agrees to give her the money he has set aside for a new
hunting gun. Mathilde buy a dress. As the party approaches, Mathilde gets sad again. Because she
doesn't have any jeweler. Loisel suggests she buy some fresh flowers instead
But she refuses, claiming that she would feel humiliated. Loisel than suggests she go to her friend
Madame Forestier to borrow jeweler. Delighted with this idea, Mathilde visits her the next day. Madame
Forestier happily agrees to give some jeweler. She doesn’t find anything that grabs her attention. AS
she continues to look, she sees a black box containing a magnificent diamond necklace. She puts it on
and immediately desires [Link] asks to borrow it.
Madame Forestier agrees without hesitation. Mathilde hugs her friend and returns home. The night of
the party comes, they go to the party. She is beautiful and charming and gains the attention of many
men, including the minister. By four o’clock in the morning party ends. She is finally ready to leave.
They try to call a cab but are unable to find one.
When they are returning to the dark streets, they see a horse-drawn carriage, they return home on it.
At home she sees herself in the mirror. She sees that the diamond necklace is lost. In a panic, she
searches her dress but finds nothing. She asks Loisel if he remember the cab number to help them to
find and search it, but neither of them took notice. Loisel leaves their apartment to retrace their steps in
search of the necklace.
Loisel returns several hours later. Searched everywhere, asking for help from the police, newspapers
and even taxi company offices. He finds nothing. They worry about how we will explain to loss of
Forestier. Mathilde writes her a letter saying a clasp on the necklace broke and she is getting it fixed.
Loisel and Mathilde search for a replacement. They found it in a one shop and this necklace is similar
to the one they lost. This necklace price is 36,000 francs. The shop owner agrees to give them the
necklace for 34,000 francs.
They begin gathering the required amount. Taking 18,000 francs from Loisel’s inheritance. But they
are forced to borrow the rest from a variety of sources, often at high interest. Loisel returns to the shop
and buys the necklace. Mathilde returns the necklace go Madame [Link] is annoyed at having
waited so long. She doesn’t open the box to see the necklace. Because of their debts, Loisel and
Mathieu are.
thrown into a life of poverty. They dismiss their maid and move into an attic. Mathilde is forced to do
the household chores. Including washing dishes and laundry. And taking out the garbage. She also
begins to dress more plainly
Finds pride in her frugality. Loisel takes additional work in the evenings by balancing business ledgers
and copying pages by hand for 25 centimes per page. They continue like this for ten years. Eventually
pay back all their debts including significant interest. • Her hands are red; her clothes are dirty and
tattered. She talks loudly and boorishly One day Mathilde is walking down the street. She sees
Madame Forestier and decides to talk with her for the first time since returning the necklace. Madame
Forestier does not recognize Mathilde. But once she explains who she is. Madame Forestier is
shocked at her transformation. Mathilde explains that she has been through some very hard times
since they last met.
A young and beautiful girl, Mathieu Lamely, is the wife of a clerical worker. She is charming but finds
as though she “married beneath het. She is poor and dreams of luxury. Her husband, Monsieur Loisel,
does all he can to please her, even giving up his desire for a rifle to make her happy. Mathilde is
envious of the wealthy and feels “there is nothing more humiliating than looking poor in the middle of a
lot of rich women." She feels “tormented and insulted by the “poetess of her house" and the womb
out, simple appearance of the items within it. Mathilde is extremely callous of Madame Forestier, her
wealthy friend from school, and even avoids visiting her because she feels overcome with sadness
and misery after a visit Mathilde and her husband, a clerk in the Ministry of Education, receive an
invitation to the Ministry hall, hosted by George Rampurneau, the Minister of Education, and his wife.
The event is reserved for a select fee, and Mathilde’s husband worked hard to secure an invitation,
hoping to make his wife happy. However, she is upset, Worrying about not having anything to wear to
a formal event. Mahwah her husband measures her that a dress She already owns is suitable,
she convinces him to give her the money he has been saving to purchase a rifle so She can buy a
new dress.
In an effort to feel as though she is as well-off as she dreams, Mathilde borrows a necklace from one
of her wealthy friends from school to accent her outfit for the ball. The kind and genera woman,
Madame Forestier, happily obliges and lets Mathilde pick the jewelry of her liking, Maithili selects a
diamond necklace
Mat hade and her husband attend the Ministry ball. At the affair, she is the most attractive woman
present. Other women state at her with envy, and the men in attendance are anger to dance with her
as she waltzes the night away while her husband dozes off in a small, deserted room with a few
other husbands.
Mathieu considers the night a success, having garnered the attention and admiration “so dear to her
feminine heart.” As her husband fetches a warm and humble coat for her to leave the ball in, she
flees in shame, hoping others don’t recognize her as they don their costly furs. In her rush, she
hurries down a staircase and frantically looks for a carriage to ride home in. Back at their door
in the Rue des Martyrs, Mathieu foods hopeless as her night ends and as her husband turns his
attend day and his work. As Mathilde undresses, she notices the necklace is no longer around her
neck. H searches the folds of her dress, the street, the police station, and the calls companies while
she sits huddled and worried.
Returning without finding the necklace, her husband suggestions she writes to Madame Forestier, and
tell her they are fusing the clasp on the necklace. A work paves. The couple loses hope, while the
signs of worry and sees visually ac Mathieu. After visiting several jewelers, they find a string of
diamonds that resemble the lost necklace. Negotiating for thirty-six thousand francs, they spend her
husband’s inheritor and borrow the rest of the money to replace the necklace. Mahdi's husband
“mortgaged the whole remaining years of his existence” to replace the necklace

As Mathieu turns the necklace, Madame Forestier doesn’t even open the boss to see its contents.
Madame Loisel, along with her husband, spends the rest of her days working, experiencing the hand
Malay of poverty Both she and her husband work every day to pay off everything, inhaling interest.
After ten yours and a hand life, they are successful. Hat during this time, Mathilde ages. Her youth
and femininity gone, she looks strong, hard, and wreathed by poverty and labor.

White widening what her life would have been had she not lost that necklace, Mathilde runs inns her
old friend, Madame Forestier, who in still young, beautiful, and fresh. Hardly recognizing her, Madame
Forestier is shocked to see how Mathilde aged. Mathilde explains how she lost the borrowed necklace
and has spent the past years paying off the replacement. Her friend clasps Mathilde’s hands and tells
Mathilde the borrowed necklace was an imitation, a fake, worth only a few hundred framesets the end
of ten years they had paid everything, everything, with the rates of usury and the accumulations of the
compound interest.
Madame Loisel looked old now. She had become the woman of impoverished households—strong
and hard and rough. With frowsy hair, skirts askew and red hands, she talked loud while washing the
floor with great swishes of water. But sometimes, when her husband was at the office, she sat down
near the window and she thought of that gay evening of long ago, of that ball where she had been so
beautiful and so admired.
What would have happened if she had not lost that necklace? Who knows? Who knows? How strange
and changeful is life! How small a thing is needed to make or ruin us!
But one Sunday, having gone to take a walk in the Champs Elysees to refresh herself after the labors
of the week, she suddenly perceived a woman who was leading a child. It was Madame Forestier, still
young, still beautiful, still charming.
Madame Loisel felt moved. Should she speak to her? Yes, certainly. And now that she had paid, she
would tell her all about it. Why not?
She went up.
“Good-day, Jeanne.”
The other, astonished to be familiarly addressed by this plain good-wife, did not recognize her at all
and stammered:
“But—madame!—I do not know---- You must have mistaken.”
“Oh, my poor Mathilde! How you are changed! ”Yes, I have had a pretty hard life, since I last saw
you, and great poverty—and that because of you!”
“Of me! How so?”
“Do you remember that diamond necklace you lent me to wear at the ministerial ball? ”Yes. Well?”
“Well, I lost it.”
“What do vow mean? You brought it
What do you mean? You brought it back."
"I brought you back another exactly like it. And it has taken us ten years to pay for it. You can
understand that it was not easy for us, for us who had nothing. At last it is ended, and I am very
glad." Madame Forestier had stopped. "You say that you bought a necklace of diamonds to replace
mine?" "Yes. You never noticed it, then! They were very similar. And she smiled with a joy that was
at once proud and ingenuous. Madame Forestier, deeply moved, took her hands
. "Oh, my poor Mathilde! Why, my necklace was paste! It was worth at most only five hundred
francs!"
The Necklace was featured as The Short Story of the Day on Fri, Apr 08, 2022 The Necklace is a
world famous morality tale. It featured in our collection of Short Stories for Middle School and our
collection of Morality Tales. Readers may also enjoy another story with ironic twists, The Gift of the
Magi.
 Mathilde explains the loss of the [Link] tells her that we faced many difficulties to clear
the debts. The story ends with Madame Forestier stunning Mathilde with one short statement: “
The Necklace was fake.”

Part 2
Enlist the types of Adjective Phrases (Adj Ps) used by the
writer.
In the short story “The Necklace” by Guy de Maupassant, the Author uses various types of adjective
phrases to enhance the Description and characterization. Here are some examples of

The types of adjective phrases used in the story:

[Link] Phrase as a Prepositional Phrase : In this Type of phrase, an adjective
is followed by a preposition And a noun phrase. It provides additional information About the noun it
modifies. For example:
“She was unhappy in her own home”.
In "The Necklace" by Guy de Maupassant, there are various types of adjective phrases used to
describe different aspects of the story. Here are some examples:
“She had no fine dresses, no jewelry”.
2. Adjective Phrase as a Participial Phrase : In this type
Of phrase, an adjective is formed from a verb and Functions as an adjective to modify a noun. For
example:
“She was simple, but she was unhappy”.
“She was the prettiest of them all”.

3. Adjective Phrase as an Appositive Phrase : In this Type of phrase,

an adjective phrase is used as an Appositive to provide additional information about a
Noun. For example:
“She was one of those pretty and charming girls”.
“She was born into a family of clerks”.
4. Adjective Phrase as a Relative Clause : In this type of Phrase, an adjective
phrase is formed by a relative clause That modifies a noun. For example:
“She had no dowry, no expectations”.
“She had no marriage prospects”.
These examples demonstrate the various ways in which Guy De Maupassant employs
adjective phrases.
[Link] Adjective Phrases:
- "A poor family living in a modest apartment" (describing the protagonist's family).
- "A beautiful, shimmering necklace" (describing the necklace).

6. Evaluative Adjective Phrases:

- "Mathilde was dissatisfied with her simple, ordinary life" (describing Mathilde's dissatisfaction).
- "The necklace appeared to be exquisite and valuable" (describing the perceived value of the
necklace).

[Link] Adjective Phrases:

- "Mathilde's husband, Monsieur Loisel, was a clerk" (describing Mathilde's husband).
- "Madame Forestier's luxurious mansion" (describing Madame Forestier's possession).

8. Comparative and Superlative Adjective Phrases:

- "Mathilde was more beautiful than most women at the party" (comparative).
- "The most sought-after piece of jewelry" (superlative).

9. Quantitative Adjective Phrases:

- "A few elegant gowns" (describing the number of gowns Mathilde possesses).
- "Countless hours of backbreaking work" (describing the amount of work required).
These are just a few examples of the types of adjective phrases used in "The Necklace" by Guy de
Maupassant. Adjective phrases play a significant role in painting a vivid picture of the characters,
their attributes, and the overall atmosphere of the story.

B) Provide certain examples for each kind of the Adjective Phrases

(Adj Ps) Used by Maupassant.
Certainly! Here are specific examples of each type of adjective phrase used in “The Necklace” by
Guy de Maupassant:
1. Descriptive Adjective Phrases:
- “She was a pretty and charming girl with graceful movements.” (describing the protagonist,
Mathilde)
- “The necklace sparkled with exquisite brilliance.” (describing the necklace)
2. Evaluative Adjective Phrases:
- “Mathilde was constantly dissatisfied with her dull and monotonous life.” (describing Mathilde’s
dissatisfaction)
- “The necklace was believed to be an invaluable treasure.” (describing the perceived value of the
necklace)
3. Possessive Adjective Phrases:
- “Mathilde’s husband, Monsieur Loisel, was a diligent and hardworking man.” (describing
Mathilde’s husband)
- “Madame Forester's elegant and luxurious mansion was the envy of many.” (describing Madame
Forester's possession)
4. Comparative and Superlative Adjective Phrases:
- “Mathieu was more beautiful than any other woman at the ball.” (comparative)
- “The necklace turned out to be the most precious jewel in the collection.” (superlative)
5. Quantitative Adjective Phrases:
- “Mathilde owned only a few elegant gowns for special occasions.” (describing the number of
gowns Mathilde possessed)
- “She endured countless hours of backbreaking work to repay the debt.” (describing the amount
of work required)
These examples illustrate how Maupassant used different types of adjective phrases to create vivid
descriptions and enhance the storytelling in “The Necklace.”

THE END