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The document outlines Clue's use of cookies to enhance website functionality and improve user experience, while also emphasizing the importance of consent and communication in sexual activities. It provides a beginner's guide to sex, covering various types of sexual activities, the significance of sexual pleasure, and safe sex practices to prevent STIs. Additionally, it encourages users to track their sexual health using the Clue app.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views32 pages

Untitled Document

The document outlines Clue's use of cookies to enhance website functionality and improve user experience, while also emphasizing the importance of consent and communication in sexual activities. It provides a beginner's guide to sex, covering various types of sexual activities, the significance of sexual pleasure, and safe sex practices to prevent STIs. Additionally, it encourages users to track their sexual health using the Clue app.

Uploaded by

rashidali643286
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Your Privacy

We use cookies and similar technologies to operate our website and improve our services. If
you agree, Clue may place cookies (small text files) and pixels on your device, and collect
your usage data under a unique identifier for the purposes of improving our website,
tracking, analysis, and personalization (such as showing you relevant Clue content and
understanding what drives subscriptions). We use third-party services to help us with this.

Read more on our Privacy Policy how we use cookies.

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Open main menu
HomeEncyclopediaSexA beginner's guide to sex
Letters illustrations representing different keywords for sex:
Anal
Bleeding
Condom
Dildo
Estrogen
Fetish
Gloves
HIV
Intimacy
Jeeping
Kiss
Lube
Masturbation
Nipples
Orgasm
Penis
Queef
Role-play
Squirting
Toys
Uterus
Vagina
Withdrawal
X-Rated
Yeast Infection
Zipper
Illustration by Marta Pucci

Sex
Reading time: 9 min
A beginner's guide to sex
The basics of pleasure, STIs, condoms, and more—we've got you covered.

Stephanie Liao
by Stephanie Liao
Updated: Mar 7, 2022
Published: Sep 3, 2019
Medically reviewed by Rebekah Bhansali, MSN, CNM
Check out this article:
Share this article on Reddit:
Share this article on Twitter
Share this article on Facebook
Share this article with WhatsApp
Share this article on LinkedIn:
Top things to know about sex:
Sex can mean different things for different people
Having sex is not just about having babies, it should also be fun for everyone involved
Consent means making sure everyone wants to participate, feels safe, and is enjoying the
activity the whole time
Understanding your and your partner’s anatomy will help you both experience pleasure
during sex
STIs are common and nothing to be ashamed about. All STIs are treatable. Many are
curable.
We wouldn’t be on this planet if it wasn’t for sex. Although sex is a part of the human
lifecycle, many people still find it taboo to discuss. This can cause a lot of confusion and
questions.

It takes time to figure out what works for you and what your preferences are. That’s okay!
Each of us are on our own timeline and the path to sexual pleasure looks different for
everyone.
4.8

An illustration of a five star rating


Download Clue to track your sexual activity

The Google Play logoDownload the app

Custom image designed for Android


Are you curious about sex, but not sure where to start? Here are the very basics of what you
need to know.

What is sex?
Sex is an activity that one, two, or more people participate in that causes them to feel
aroused (sexually excited). It can involve touch, words, or both. It may involve touching
genitals but does not always have to. Often when people talk about sex, they are talking
about sexual intercourse or penetrative sex. Sexual activity should be enjoyable for
everyone involved and each person should provide consent throughout the event.

Illustrations of couples talking about sexual consent


Dating & Partnership

8 things to know about sexual consent


Even if you’ve heard of sexual consent, you might be unsure of...

by Talia Meer, PhD


This means that everyone should agree on what they are comfortable with at the beginning
of the activity. If someone changes their mind or decides that they want to stop, it is very
important that that person is able to say this and that it is respected. This ensures that it is a
pleasurable experience for all involved.

What are the different types of sex?


Vaginal sex

Vaginal sex is when the penis rubs or enters the vagina or if two vaginas rub together.
Mouth to genital sex

Also called “oral sex.” The mouth is used to stimulate or pleasure the genitals. This can be
done by licking, kissing, or sucking.
Anal sex

The penis or sex toy is inserted into the anus (butt hole). Lubrication is very important
because the anus does not create its own lubrication.
Erogenous touching

Hands or other body parts are used to cause a sexual feeling or sensation. This can be
nipple stimulation, cuddling, kissing, or rubbing and caressing genitals or other parts of the
body.
Fingering or handjob

Fingering is using fingers to stimulate clitoris and/or putting fingers in the vagina or putting
fingers in the anus, to cause sexual sensations. A hand job is using a hand to stimulate the
penis.
Masturbation

Touching your own body parts to cause sexual pleasure. This can be done alone or at the
same time as someone else. Sex toys can be used during masturbation, including vibrators,
dildos, anal toys, and more.
Phone/video sex

Talking, flirting, and sharing images with someone online or through the phone to cause
sexual arousal or excitement.
Sex drive: what is it and where does it come from?
A bedside table covered in various objects: a bra, a clock, a watch, a dildo, lubricant, a lamp,
tissues, and latex gloves.
Dating & Partnership

A guide to safer one-night stands


Here’s how to protect your physical and emotional health when you’re getting...

by Jennifer Hammond
Sex drive, sometimes called libido, is the desire to have sex. Hormones, stress levels, and
physical and mental health all impact our sex drive (1, 2). Our romantic partners, family,
friends, community, and faith/religion may influence our feelings towards sex and pleasure
and these can vary throughout our lifetime (1). Some medications that could affect sexual
desire by decreasing libido or delaying orgasm are (2, 3):

Anticholinergics used to treat many conditions related to lungs, bladder, intestine, dizziness
and nausea/vomiting
Hormonal therapy
Medications to treat high blood pressure
Mental health medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Research does not show a direct connection between hormonal birth control and sexual
drive (3). However, sexual health is complex. If you feel that a medication you are taking is
affecting your sex drive, talk to a healthcare provider. Track your experiences in the Clue
app. This can help you determine any effects your birth control is having on your body and
libido.

Sexual pleasure and orgasm


Sexual pleasure is not defined in one certain way. Many things can bring enjoyment and
satisfaction. Orgasm is an intense sexual excitement. This is one way to achieve sexual
pleasure. People with penises experience orgasm when the penis becomes hard and
enlarged. This occurs when there is a desire to have sex and a release of hormones in the
body. Ejaculation usually occurs during orgasm. People with vulvas experience orgasm
when the clitoris (and sometimes the inner and outer labia) is stimulated and becomes
swollen.
Just like the penis, the clitoris has a high concentration of nerve endings (4, 5). By touching
and massaging these erogenous zones, signals in the body flood the nerves. This can send
pleasurable feelings all over the body. Understanding your and your partner’s anatomy is
important so that you both experience the highest amount of pleasure during sex.

Communication is also critical. What feels good to you might not feel good to someone else.
Talk with your partner about what you do and do not like. It can be fun to experiment to find
the most enjoyable touches. Increased communication may also increase intimacy.
Masturbation is another way that may help you understand the best techniques for
experiencing sexual pleasure.

How to have safer sex


Safer sex is a way to reduce your risk of STIs and pregnancy. Penis-in-vagina sex is the
main type of sex that can lead to pregnancy. Pregnancy could also occur if semen reaches
the vagina during other forms of sex. STIs can be shared during all forms of sex where
bodies and body fluids come in contact.

The top ways to protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs):


1. Use barrier methods the correct way every time you have sex. Barrier methods should be
used on body parts and toys for any vaginal, anal, or oral sex.

Barrier methods include:

External condoms (sometimes called “male” condoms)


Internal condoms (sometimes called “female” condoms)
Latex or nitrile gloves
Dental dams
2. Use lots of condom-safe lubrication

3. Change condoms before switching between oral, vaginal, or anal sex

4. Use a fresh condom or clean/sterilize sex toys when sharing

5. Test for all STIs frequently, and encourage your partner to do the same

Barrier methods significantly lower the risk of getting an STI (6). They work by preventing
each partner’s genitals and body fluids from coming into contact with the other partner’s
body (7). When used correctly every single time, condoms can also prevent pregnancy
about 98% of the time with perfect use and 87% of the time with typical use (8). You should
always use a barrier method unless all partners have recently tested negative for an STI,
and you are both absolutely sure that neither of you have had sex with anyone else since the
test. If you do not want to get pregnant you should use a condom every time you have sex.

Dating & Partnership


No glove, no love: condom negotiation and common excuses
Condoms are very effective at preventing pregnancy and the spread of sexually...

by Ijeoma Unachukwu, M.S.


What if my partner doesn’t want to use a condom?
Protecting your health and feeling comfortable with all sexual activities is very important.
Have open communication with your partner. If they pressure you to have unsafe sex, think
about if they are a person you want to be with.

STIs and STDs: prevention, symptoms, and treatments


Three people hugging
STIs

What it’s like to have an STI


STIs are a common and varied experience. We reached out via social...

by Jen Bell, PhD


Every day, more than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired worldwide
(9). But while STIs are extremely common, how much do you know about them? Did you
know there are preventative steps you can take from contracting STIs? Did you know many
STIs have no, or only mild symptoms?

Knowing some basic information may change the way you take precautions about sex in
your own life.

Chlamydia
Chlamydia is often asymptomatic, meaning that many people don’t know they have it
Chlamydia symptoms can include pus-like yellow discharge; frequent or painful urination;
spotting between periods or after sex; and/or rectal pain, bleeding, or discharge (10)
Untreated, it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy,
and/or infertility in women and people with female reproductive tracts (11)
Genital herpes
Genital herpes is the second most common STI in the USA (12)
Some people with herpes get recurrent blisters and ulcers on their genital areas
Many people with herpes have no symptoms and are able to continue spreading the disease
There is no cure for herpes, but outbreaks and symptoms can be managed (13)
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is often asymptomatic, meaning that many people don’t know they have it (14)
Untreated, it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy,
and/or infertility in women and people with female reproductive tracts (15)
Gonorrhea infections must be treated with two antibiotic medications (14)
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is often asymptomatic, meaning that many people don’t know they have it
(16)

Photo of a runny panty


Your Vagina
What is vaginal discharge and how does it change throughout your cycle?
Vaginal discharge changes throughout your menstrual cycle—from dry days to stretchy,
egg-white...

by Eve Lepage, MSN, RN


Some people may experience symptoms including increased, malodorous, colored vaginal
discharge, vulvar pain and itchiness, and/or pain with urination or sexual intercourse (17)
HIV
HIV is transmitted through the exchange of certain types of bodily fluids including blood,
semen, breast milk, and vaginal fluids (18)
Saliva, tears, sneezing, and physical contact cannot transmit HIV (19)
Having unprotected anal sex, penis-in-vagina sex, and even oral sex (though rarely) can
transmit HIV
There is no cure for HIV, but medications are available that can keep the viral load low and
greatly reduce the risk of both transmitting and contracting HIV (18)
Which types of sex can transmit STIs?
STIs can be transferred through semen, vaginal fluids, skin-to-skin contact, blood, saliva,
and even feces (20). It is hard to establish which sex act is responsible for disease
transmission since people often engage in more than one type of sexual activity (e.g. having
both oral sex and penis-in-vagina sex during the same session) (20).

STIs you can get from kissing


Oral herpes (HSV-1)
STIs you can get from oral sex
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
HPV
Herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
Syphilis
HIV
Trichomoniasis
STIs you can get from fingering and fisting (anal and vaginal) (21)
Anything that can cause cuts or tears to the anus or genitals (like fingernails, rings, or tearing
of the skin) can increase possible transmission of any blood-borne STIs (like HIV or hepatitis
B or C). If your fingers contact other people’s genitals and then your own, STIs can be
passed through genital secretions. To be safe, always wash your hands after touching
someone else's genitals, or even wear gloves to be extra safe.

STIs you can get from vaginal (penis-in-vagina or vulva-to-vulva) sex


HIV
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
HPV
Syphilis
Chancroid
Hepatitis B & C
Trichomoniasis
Genital warts
STIs you can get from anal sex
HIV
Hepatitis B & C
HPV
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
Genital warts
Diseases transmitted through microorganisms from feces (Giardia, Shigella, Salmonella,
Campylobacter, and E. coli) (21)
Having an STI is nothing to be ashamed of.

Discussing STIs more openly with peers and telling your partners is not only necessary for
your sexual health, but also important for fighting stigmas and breaking societal and cultural
taboos.

When and how to have sex is a personal decision. Being informed, safe, and comfortable
will mean that your sexual experiences can be fun and pleasurable too.

Sex is most enjoyable when you feel safe, comfortable and excited. Download Clue to track
when you have protected or unprotected sex, and set reminders for STI check-ups.

An earlier version of this article was published November 8th 2021.

an illustration of the Clue flower


Live in sync with your cycle and download the Clue app today.
Download Clue
References
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. FAQ: When sex is painful
[internet]. Washington DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 2018.
[cited 2021 Sep 28]. Available from
[Link]
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. FAQ: Your sexual health
[internet]. Washington DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 2020 Oct.
[cited 2022 Feb 28]. Available from
[Link]
Casado-Espada NM, de Alarcón R, de la Iglesia-Larrad JI, Bote-Bonaechea B, Montejo ÁL.
Hormonal Contraceptives, Female Sexual Dysfunction, and Managing Strategies: A Review.
J Clin Med. 2019 Jun 25;8(6):908.
O'Connell HE, Sanjeevan KV, Hutson JM. Anatomy of the clitoris. The Journal of urology.
2005 Oct 31;174(4):1189-95.
Pauls RN. Anatomy of the clitoris and the female sexual response. Clin Anat. 2015
Apr;28(3):376-84.
Gallo MF, Steiner MJ, Warner L, Hylton-Kong T, Figueroa JP, Hobbs MM, et al. Self-reported
condom use is associated with reduced risk of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis.
Sex Transm Dis. 2007;34:829-833.
Department of Health and Human Services: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Condoms and STDs: fact sheet for public health personnel. Available from:
[Link]
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention; World Health Organization (WHO) Department of Reproductive Health and
Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication
Programs (CCP). Knowledge for health project. Family planning: a global handbook for
providers (2018 update) [online]. Baltimore, MD; Geneva, Switzerland: CCP and WHO;
2011; and Trussell J. Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception
2011;83:397–404. Available from
[Link]
Committee on Adolescent Health Care; Committee on Gynecologic Practice. Committee
Opinion No. 582: addressing health risks of noncoital sexual activity. Obstet Gynecol. 2013
Dec;122(6):1378-82. Available from:
[Link]
[Link]?dmc=1&ts=20180627T1502551458
American college of obstetricians and gynecologists. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
FAQ071. Dec 2016. Available from:
[Link]
American college of obstetricians and gynecologists. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
FAQ077. Mar 2018. Available from:
[Link]
Satterwhite CL, Torrone E, Meites E, Dunne EF, Mahajan R, Ocfemia MC, Su J, Xu F,
Weinstock H. Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and
incidence estimates, 2008. Sex Transm Dis. 2013 Mar;40(3):187-93
Centers for disease control and prevention. Genital herpes - CDC fact sheet (detailed). 9 Jan
2017. Georgia, USA. available from:
[Link]
Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted
diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137.
Available from: [Link]
American college of obstetricians and gynecologists. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
FAQ077. Mar 2018. Available from:
[Link]
Centers for disease control and prevention. Trichomoniasis - CDC fact sheet. 14 July 2017.
Georgia, USA. available from:
[Link]
American college of obstetricians and gynecologists. Vaginitis. FAQ028. Sep 2017. Available
from: [Link]
World Health Organization. HIV/AIDS key facts. [Link]. 19 Jul 2018. Available from:
[Link]
Centers for disease control and prevention. HIV transmission. Atlanta: [Link]. 31 Oct
2018. Available from: [Link]
Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Korenromp E, Low N, Unemo M, Abu-Raddad LJ, et al. Global
and regional estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted
infections in 2016. WHO Bulletin. 2019 Jun. Available from:
[Link]
Centres for disease control and prevention. Anal sex and HIV risk. 27 Oct 2016. Atlanta.
Available from: [Link]
Show more...
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Your Privacy

We use cookies and similar technologies to operate our website and improve our services. If
you agree, Clue may place cookies (small text files) and pixels on your device, and collect
your usage data under a unique identifier for the purposes of improving our website,
tracking, analysis, and personalization (such as showing you relevant Clue content and
understanding what drives subscriptions). We use third-party services to help us with this.

Read more on our Privacy Policy how we use cookies.

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🎁 25% off Clue Plus


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Subscribe now
The Clue logo
Clue Plus
Close main menu
Home
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Science

Encyclopedia

Clue Plus

English
Clue is on a mission to help you understand your body, periods, ovulation, and so much
more. Start tracking today.

The Google Play logoDownload the app


Open main menu
HomeEncyclopediaSexA beginner's guide to sex
Letters illustrations representing different keywords for sex:
Anal
Bleeding
Condom
Dildo
Estrogen
Fetish
Gloves
HIV
Intimacy
Jeeping
Kiss
Lube
Masturbation
Nipples
Orgasm
Penis
Queef
Role-play
Squirting
Toys
Uterus
Vagina
Withdrawal
X-Rated
Yeast Infection
Zipper
Illustration by Marta Pucci

Sex
Reading time: 9 min
A beginner's guide to sex
The basics of pleasure, STIs, condoms, and more—we've got you covered.

Stephanie Liao
by Stephanie Liao
Updated: Mar 7, 2022
Published: Sep 3, 2019
Medically reviewed by Rebekah Bhansali, MSN, CNM
Check out this article:
Share this article on Reddit:
Share this article on Twitter
Share this article on Facebook
Share this article with WhatsApp
Share this article on LinkedIn:
Top things to know about sex:
Sex can mean different things for different people
Having sex is not just about having babies, it should also be fun for everyone involved
Consent means making sure everyone wants to participate, feels safe, and is enjoying the
activity the whole time
Understanding your and your partner’s anatomy will help you both experience pleasure
during sex
STIs are common and nothing to be ashamed about. All STIs are treatable. Many are
curable.
We wouldn’t be on this planet if it wasn’t for sex. Although sex is a part of the human
lifecycle, many people still find it taboo to discuss. This can cause a lot of confusion and
questions.

It takes time to figure out what works for you and what your preferences are. That’s okay!
Each of us are on our own timeline and the path to sexual pleasure looks different for
everyone.

4.8

An illustration of a five star rating


Download Clue to track your sexual activity

The Google Play logoDownload the app

Custom image designed for Android


Are you curious about sex, but not sure where to start? Here are the very basics of what you
need to know.

What is sex?
Sex is an activity that one, two, or more people participate in that causes them to feel
aroused (sexually excited). It can involve touch, words, or both. It may involve touching
genitals but does not always have to. Often when people talk about sex, they are talking
about sexual intercourse or penetrative sex. Sexual activity should be enjoyable for
everyone involved and each person should provide consent throughout the event.

Illustrations of couples talking about sexual consent


Dating & Partnership

8 things to know about sexual consent


Even if you’ve heard of sexual consent, you might be unsure of...

by Talia Meer, PhD


This means that everyone should agree on what they are comfortable with at the beginning
of the activity. If someone changes their mind or decides that they want to stop, it is very
important that that person is able to say this and that it is respected. This ensures that it is a
pleasurable experience for all involved.

What are the different types of sex?


Vaginal sex

Vaginal sex is when the penis rubs or enters the vagina or if two vaginas rub together.
Mouth to genital sex

Also called “oral sex.” The mouth is used to stimulate or pleasure the genitals. This can be
done by licking, kissing, or sucking.
Anal sex

The penis or sex toy is inserted into the anus (butt hole). Lubrication is very important
because the anus does not create its own lubrication.
Erogenous touching

Hands or other body parts are used to cause a sexual feeling or sensation. This can be
nipple stimulation, cuddling, kissing, or rubbing and caressing genitals or other parts of the
body.
Fingering or handjob

Fingering is using fingers to stimulate clitoris and/or putting fingers in the vagina or putting
fingers in the anus, to cause sexual sensations. A hand job is using a hand to stimulate the
penis.
Masturbation

Touching your own body parts to cause sexual pleasure. This can be done alone or at the
same time as someone else. Sex toys can be used during masturbation, including vibrators,
dildos, anal toys, and more.
Phone/video sex

Talking, flirting, and sharing images with someone online or through the phone to cause
sexual arousal or excitement.
Sex drive: what is it and where does it come from?
A bedside table covered in various objects: a bra, a clock, a watch, a dildo, lubricant, a lamp,
tissues, and latex gloves.
Dating & Partnership

A guide to safer one-night stands


Here’s how to protect your physical and emotional health when you’re getting...

by Jennifer Hammond
Sex drive, sometimes called libido, is the desire to have sex. Hormones, stress levels, and
physical and mental health all impact our sex drive (1, 2). Our romantic partners, family,
friends, community, and faith/religion may influence our feelings towards sex and pleasure
and these can vary throughout our lifetime (1). Some medications that could affect sexual
desire by decreasing libido or delaying orgasm are (2, 3):

Anticholinergics used to treat many conditions related to lungs, bladder, intestine, dizziness
and nausea/vomiting
Hormonal therapy
Medications to treat high blood pressure
Mental health medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Research does not show a direct connection between hormonal birth control and sexual
drive (3). However, sexual health is complex. If you feel that a medication you are taking is
affecting your sex drive, talk to a healthcare provider. Track your experiences in the Clue
app. This can help you determine any effects your birth control is having on your body and
libido.

Sexual pleasure and orgasm


Sexual pleasure is not defined in one certain way. Many things can bring enjoyment and
satisfaction. Orgasm is an intense sexual excitement. This is one way to achieve sexual
pleasure. People with penises experience orgasm when the penis becomes hard and
enlarged. This occurs when there is a desire to have sex and a release of hormones in the
body. Ejaculation usually occurs during orgasm. People with vulvas experience orgasm
when the clitoris (and sometimes the inner and outer labia) is stimulated and becomes
swollen.

Just like the penis, the clitoris has a high concentration of nerve endings (4, 5). By touching
and massaging these erogenous zones, signals in the body flood the nerves. This can send
pleasurable feelings all over the body. Understanding your and your partner’s anatomy is
important so that you both experience the highest amount of pleasure during sex.

Communication is also critical. What feels good to you might not feel good to someone else.
Talk with your partner about what you do and do not like. It can be fun to experiment to find
the most enjoyable touches. Increased communication may also increase intimacy.
Masturbation is another way that may help you understand the best techniques for
experiencing sexual pleasure.

How to have safer sex


Safer sex is a way to reduce your risk of STIs and pregnancy. Penis-in-vagina sex is the
main type of sex that can lead to pregnancy. Pregnancy could also occur if semen reaches
the vagina during other forms of sex. STIs can be shared during all forms of sex where
bodies and body fluids come in contact.

The top ways to protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs):


1. Use barrier methods the correct way every time you have sex. Barrier methods should be
used on body parts and toys for any vaginal, anal, or oral sex.

Barrier methods include:

External condoms (sometimes called “male” condoms)


Internal condoms (sometimes called “female” condoms)
Latex or nitrile gloves
Dental dams
2. Use lots of condom-safe lubrication

3. Change condoms before switching between oral, vaginal, or anal sex

4. Use a fresh condom or clean/sterilize sex toys when sharing

5. Test for all STIs frequently, and encourage your partner to do the same

Barrier methods significantly lower the risk of getting an STI (6). They work by preventing
each partner’s genitals and body fluids from coming into contact with the other partner’s
body (7). When used correctly every single time, condoms can also prevent pregnancy
about 98% of the time with perfect use and 87% of the time with typical use (8). You should
always use a barrier method unless all partners have recently tested negative for an STI,
and you are both absolutely sure that neither of you have had sex with anyone else since the
test. If you do not want to get pregnant you should use a condom every time you have sex.

Dating & Partnership

No glove, no love: condom negotiation and common excuses


Condoms are very effective at preventing pregnancy and the spread of sexually...

by Ijeoma Unachukwu, M.S.


What if my partner doesn’t want to use a condom?
Protecting your health and feeling comfortable with all sexual activities is very important.
Have open communication with your partner. If they pressure you to have unsafe sex, think
about if they are a person you want to be with.

STIs and STDs: prevention, symptoms, and treatments


Three people hugging
STIs

What it’s like to have an STI


STIs are a common and varied experience. We reached out via social...
by Jen Bell, PhD
Every day, more than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired worldwide
(9). But while STIs are extremely common, how much do you know about them? Did you
know there are preventative steps you can take from contracting STIs? Did you know many
STIs have no, or only mild symptoms?

Knowing some basic information may change the way you take precautions about sex in
your own life.

Chlamydia
Chlamydia is often asymptomatic, meaning that many people don’t know they have it
Chlamydia symptoms can include pus-like yellow discharge; frequent or painful urination;
spotting between periods or after sex; and/or rectal pain, bleeding, or discharge (10)
Untreated, it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy,
and/or infertility in women and people with female reproductive tracts (11)
Genital herpes
Genital herpes is the second most common STI in the USA (12)
Some people with herpes get recurrent blisters and ulcers on their genital areas
Many people with herpes have no symptoms and are able to continue spreading the disease
There is no cure for herpes, but outbreaks and symptoms can be managed (13)
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is often asymptomatic, meaning that many people don’t know they have it (14)
Untreated, it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy,
and/or infertility in women and people with female reproductive tracts (15)
Gonorrhea infections must be treated with two antibiotic medications (14)
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is often asymptomatic, meaning that many people don’t know they have it
(16)

Photo of a runny panty


Your Vagina

What is vaginal discharge and how does it change throughout your cycle?
Vaginal discharge changes throughout your menstrual cycle—from dry days to stretchy,
egg-white...

by Eve Lepage, MSN, RN


Some people may experience symptoms including increased, malodorous, colored vaginal
discharge, vulvar pain and itchiness, and/or pain with urination or sexual intercourse (17)
HIV
HIV is transmitted through the exchange of certain types of bodily fluids including blood,
semen, breast milk, and vaginal fluids (18)
Saliva, tears, sneezing, and physical contact cannot transmit HIV (19)
Having unprotected anal sex, penis-in-vagina sex, and even oral sex (though rarely) can
transmit HIV
There is no cure for HIV, but medications are available that can keep the viral load low and
greatly reduce the risk of both transmitting and contracting HIV (18)
Which types of sex can transmit STIs?
STIs can be transferred through semen, vaginal fluids, skin-to-skin contact, blood, saliva,
and even feces (20). It is hard to establish which sex act is responsible for disease
transmission since people often engage in more than one type of sexual activity (e.g. having
both oral sex and penis-in-vagina sex during the same session) (20).

STIs you can get from kissing


Oral herpes (HSV-1)
STIs you can get from oral sex
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
HPV
Herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
Syphilis
HIV
Trichomoniasis
STIs you can get from fingering and fisting (anal and vaginal) (21)
Anything that can cause cuts or tears to the anus or genitals (like fingernails, rings, or tearing
of the skin) can increase possible transmission of any blood-borne STIs (like HIV or hepatitis
B or C). If your fingers contact other people’s genitals and then your own, STIs can be
passed through genital secretions. To be safe, always wash your hands after touching
someone else's genitals, or even wear gloves to be extra safe.

STIs you can get from vaginal (penis-in-vagina or vulva-to-vulva) sex


HIV
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
HPV
Syphilis
Chancroid
Hepatitis B & C
Trichomoniasis
Genital warts
STIs you can get from anal sex
HIV
Hepatitis B & C
HPV
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
Genital warts
Diseases transmitted through microorganisms from feces (Giardia, Shigella, Salmonella,
Campylobacter, and E. coli) (21)
Having an STI is nothing to be ashamed of.
Discussing STIs more openly with peers and telling your partners is not only necessary for
your sexual health, but also important for fighting stigmas and breaking societal and cultural
taboos.

When and how to have sex is a personal decision. Being informed, safe, and comfortable
will mean that your sexual experiences can be fun and pleasurable too.

Sex is most enjoyable when you feel safe, comfortable and excited. Download Clue to track
when you have protected or unprotected sex, and set reminders for STI check-ups.

An earlier version of this article was published November 8th 2021.

an illustration of the Clue flower


Live in sync with your cycle and download the Clue app today.
Download Clue
References
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. FAQ: When sex is painful
[internet]. Washington DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 2018.
[cited 2021 Sep 28]. Available from
[Link]
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. FAQ: Your sexual health
[internet]. Washington DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 2020 Oct.
[cited 2022 Feb 28]. Available from
[Link]
Casado-Espada NM, de Alarcón R, de la Iglesia-Larrad JI, Bote-Bonaechea B, Montejo ÁL.
Hormonal Contraceptives, Female Sexual Dysfunction, and Managing Strategies: A Review.
J Clin Med. 2019 Jun 25;8(6):908.
O'Connell HE, Sanjeevan KV, Hutson JM. Anatomy of the clitoris. The Journal of urology.
2005 Oct 31;174(4):1189-95.
Pauls RN. Anatomy of the clitoris and the female sexual response. Clin Anat. 2015
Apr;28(3):376-84.
Gallo MF, Steiner MJ, Warner L, Hylton-Kong T, Figueroa JP, Hobbs MM, et al. Self-reported
condom use is associated with reduced risk of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis.
Sex Transm Dis. 2007;34:829-833.
Department of Health and Human Services: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Condoms and STDs: fact sheet for public health personnel. Available from:
[Link]
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention; World Health Organization (WHO) Department of Reproductive Health and
Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication
Programs (CCP). Knowledge for health project. Family planning: a global handbook for
providers (2018 update) [online]. Baltimore, MD; Geneva, Switzerland: CCP and WHO;
2011; and Trussell J. Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception
2011;83:397–404. Available from
[Link]
Committee on Adolescent Health Care; Committee on Gynecologic Practice. Committee
Opinion No. 582: addressing health risks of noncoital sexual activity. Obstet Gynecol. 2013
Dec;122(6):1378-82. Available from:
[Link]
[Link]?dmc=1&ts=20180627T1502551458
American college of obstetricians and gynecologists. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
FAQ071. Dec 2016. Available from:
[Link]
American college of obstetricians and gynecologists. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
FAQ077. Mar 2018. Available from:
[Link]
Satterwhite CL, Torrone E, Meites E, Dunne EF, Mahajan R, Ocfemia MC, Su J, Xu F,
Weinstock H. Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and
incidence estimates, 2008. Sex Transm Dis. 2013 Mar;40(3):187-93
Centers for disease control and prevention. Genital herpes - CDC fact sheet (detailed). 9 Jan
2017. Georgia, USA. available from:
[Link]
Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted
diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137.
Available from: [Link]
American college of obstetricians and gynecologists. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
FAQ077. Mar 2018. Available from:
[Link]
Centers for disease control and prevention. Trichomoniasis - CDC fact sheet. 14 July 2017.
Georgia, USA. available from:
[Link]
American college of obstetricians and gynecologists. Vaginitis. FAQ028. Sep 2017. Available
from: [Link]
World Health Organization. HIV/AIDS key facts. [Link]. 19 Jul 2018. Available from:
[Link]
Centers for disease control and prevention. HIV transmission. Atlanta: [Link]. 31 Oct
2018. Available from: [Link]
Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Korenromp E, Low N, Unemo M, Abu-Raddad LJ, et al. Global
and regional estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted
infections in 2016. WHO Bulletin. 2019 Jun. Available from:
[Link]
Centres for disease control and prevention. Anal sex and HIV risk. 27 Oct 2016. Atlanta.
Available from: [Link]
Show more...
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HomeEncyclopediaSexA beginner's guide to sex
Letters illustrations representing different keywords for sex:
Anal
Bleeding
Condom
Dildo
Estrogen
Fetish
Gloves
HIV
Intimacy
Jeeping
Kiss
Lube
Masturbation
Nipples
Orgasm
Penis
Queef
Role-play
Squirting
Toys
Uterus
Vagina
Withdrawal
X-Rated
Yeast Infection
Zipper
Illustration by Marta Pucci

Sex
Reading time: 9 min
A beginner's guide to sex
The basics of pleasure, STIs, condoms, and more—we've got you covered.

Stephanie Liao
by Stephanie Liao
Updated: Mar 7, 2022
Published: Sep 3, 2019
Medically reviewed by Rebekah Bhansali, MSN, CNM
Check out this article:
Share this article on Reddit:
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Top things to know about sex:
Sex can mean different things for different people
Having sex is not just about having babies, it should also be fun for everyone involved
Consent means making sure everyone wants to participate, feels safe, and is enjoying the
activity the whole time
Understanding your and your partner’s anatomy will help you both experience pleasure
during sex
STIs are common and nothing to be ashamed about. All STIs are treatable. Many are
curable.
We wouldn’t be on this planet if it wasn’t for sex. Although sex is a part of the human
lifecycle, many people still find it taboo to discuss. This can cause a lot of confusion and
questions.

It takes time to figure out what works for you and what your preferences are. That’s okay!
Each of us are on our own timeline and the path to sexual pleasure looks different for
everyone.

4.8

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Download Clue to track your sexual activity

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Custom image designed for Android


Are you curious about sex, but not sure where to start? Here are the very basics of what you
need to know.

What is sex?
Sex is an activity that one, two, or more people participate in that causes them to feel
aroused (sexually excited). It can involve touch, words, or both. It may involve touching
genitals but does not always have to. Often when people talk about sex, they are talking
about sexual intercourse or penetrative sex. Sexual activity should be enjoyable for
everyone involved and each person should provide consent throughout the event.

Illustrations of couples talking about sexual consent


Dating & Partnership

8 things to know about sexual consent


Even if you’ve heard of sexual consent, you might be unsure of...

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This means that everyone should agree on what they are comfortable with at the beginning
of the activity. If someone changes their mind or decides that they want to stop, it is very
important that that person is able to say this and that it is respected. This ensures that it is a
pleasurable experience for all involved.

What are the different types of sex?


Vaginal sex
Vaginal sex is when the penis rubs or enters the vagina or if two vaginas rub together.
Mouth to genital sex

Also called “oral sex.” The mouth is used to stimulate or pleasure the genitals. This can be
done by licking, kissing, or sucking.
Anal sex

The penis or sex toy is inserted into the anus (butt hole). Lubrication is very important
because the anus does not create its own lubrication.
Erogenous touching

Hands or other body parts are used to cause a sexual feeling or sensation. This can be
nipple stimulation, cuddling, kissing, or rubbing and caressing genitals or other parts of the
body.
Fingering or handjob

Fingering is using fingers to stimulate clitoris and/or putting fingers in the vagina or putting
fingers in the anus, to cause sexual sensations. A hand job is using a hand to stimulate the
penis.
Masturbation

Touching your own body parts to cause sexual pleasure. This can be done alone or at the
same time as someone else. Sex toys can be used during masturbation, including vibrators,
dildos, anal toys, and more.
Phone/video sex

Talking, flirting, and sharing images with someone online or through the phone to cause
sexual arousal or excitement.
Sex drive: what is it and where does it come from?
A bedside table covered in various objects: a bra, a clock, a watch, a dildo, lubricant, a lamp,
tissues, and latex gloves.
Dating & Partnership

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Sex drive, sometimes called libido, is the desire to have sex. Hormones, stress levels, and
physical and mental health all impact our sex drive (1, 2). Our romantic partners, family,
friends, community, and faith/religion may influence our feelings towards sex and pleasure
and these can vary throughout our lifetime (1). Some medications that could affect sexual
desire by decreasing libido or delaying orgasm are (2, 3):

Anticholinergics used to treat many conditions related to lungs, bladder, intestine, dizziness
and nausea/vomiting
Hormonal therapy
Medications to treat high blood pressure
Mental health medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Research does not show a direct connection between hormonal birth control and sexual
drive (3). However, sexual health is complex. If you feel that a medication you are taking is
affecting your sex drive, talk to a healthcare provider. Track your experiences in the Clue
app. This can help you determine any effects your birth control is having on your body and
libido.

Sexual pleasure and orgasm


Sexual pleasure is not defined in one certain way. Many things can bring enjoyment and
satisfaction. Orgasm is an intense sexual excitement. This is one way to achieve sexual
pleasure. People with penises experience orgasm when the penis becomes hard and
enlarged. This occurs when there is a desire to have sex and a release of hormones in the
body. Ejaculation usually occurs during orgasm. People with vulvas experience orgasm
when the clitoris (and sometimes the inner and outer labia) is stimulated and becomes
swollen.

Just like the penis, the clitoris has a high concentration of nerve endings (4, 5). By touching
and massaging these erogenous zones, signals in the body flood the nerves. This can send
pleasurable feelings all over the body. Understanding your and your partner’s anatomy is
important so that you both experience the highest amount of pleasure during sex.

Communication is also critical. What feels good to you might not feel good to someone else.
Talk with your partner about what you do and do not like. It can be fun to experiment to find
the most enjoyable touches. Increased communication may also increase intimacy.
Masturbation is another way that may help you understand the best techniques for
experiencing sexual pleasure.

How to have safer sex


Safer sex is a way to reduce your risk of STIs and pregnancy. Penis-in-vagina sex is the
main type of sex that can lead to pregnancy. Pregnancy could also occur if semen reaches
the vagina during other forms of sex. STIs can be shared during all forms of sex where
bodies and body fluids come in contact.

The top ways to protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs):


1. Use barrier methods the correct way every time you have sex. Barrier methods should be
used on body parts and toys for any vaginal, anal, or oral sex.

Barrier methods include:

External condoms (sometimes called “male” condoms)


Internal condoms (sometimes called “female” condoms)
Latex or nitrile gloves
Dental dams
2. Use lots of condom-safe lubrication

3. Change condoms before switching between oral, vaginal, or anal sex

4. Use a fresh condom or clean/sterilize sex toys when sharing


5. Test for all STIs frequently, and encourage your partner to do the same

Barrier methods significantly lower the risk of getting an STI (6). They work by preventing
each partner’s genitals and body fluids from coming into contact with the other partner’s
body (7). When used correctly every single time, condoms can also prevent pregnancy
about 98% of the time with perfect use and 87% of the time with typical use (8). You should
always use a barrier method unless all partners have recently tested negative for an STI,
and you are both absolutely sure that neither of you have had sex with anyone else since the
test. If you do not want to get pregnant you should use a condom every time you have sex.

Dating & Partnership

No glove, no love: condom negotiation and common excuses


Condoms are very effective at preventing pregnancy and the spread of sexually...

by Ijeoma Unachukwu, M.S.


What if my partner doesn’t want to use a condom?
Protecting your health and feeling comfortable with all sexual activities is very important.
Have open communication with your partner. If they pressure you to have unsafe sex, think
about if they are a person you want to be with.

STIs and STDs: prevention, symptoms, and treatments


Three people hugging
STIs

What it’s like to have an STI


STIs are a common and varied experience. We reached out via social...

by Jen Bell, PhD


Every day, more than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired worldwide
(9). But while STIs are extremely common, how much do you know about them? Did you
know there are preventative steps you can take from contracting STIs? Did you know many
STIs have no, or only mild symptoms?

Knowing some basic information may change the way you take precautions about sex in
your own life.

Chlamydia
Chlamydia is often asymptomatic, meaning that many people don’t know they have it
Chlamydia symptoms can include pus-like yellow discharge; frequent or painful urination;
spotting between periods or after sex; and/or rectal pain, bleeding, or discharge (10)
Untreated, it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy,
and/or infertility in women and people with female reproductive tracts (11)
Genital herpes
Genital herpes is the second most common STI in the USA (12)
Some people with herpes get recurrent blisters and ulcers on their genital areas
Many people with herpes have no symptoms and are able to continue spreading the disease
There is no cure for herpes, but outbreaks and symptoms can be managed (13)
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is often asymptomatic, meaning that many people don’t know they have it (14)
Untreated, it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy,
and/or infertility in women and people with female reproductive tracts (15)
Gonorrhea infections must be treated with two antibiotic medications (14)
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is often asymptomatic, meaning that many people don’t know they have it
(16)

Photo of a runny panty


Your Vagina

What is vaginal discharge and how does it change throughout your cycle?
Vaginal discharge changes throughout your menstrual cycle—from dry days to stretchy,
egg-white...

by Eve Lepage, MSN, RN


Some people may experience symptoms including increased, malodorous, colored vaginal
discharge, vulvar pain and itchiness, and/or pain with urination or sexual intercourse (17)
HIV
HIV is transmitted through the exchange of certain types of bodily fluids including blood,
semen, breast milk, and vaginal fluids (18)
Saliva, tears, sneezing, and physical contact cannot transmit HIV (19)
Having unprotected anal sex, penis-in-vagina sex, and even oral sex (though rarely) can
transmit HIV
There is no cure for HIV, but medications are available that can keep the viral load low and
greatly reduce the risk of both transmitting and contracting HIV (18)
Which types of sex can transmit STIs?
STIs can be transferred through semen, vaginal fluids, skin-to-skin contact, blood, saliva,
and even feces (20). It is hard to establish which sex act is responsible for disease
transmission since people often engage in more than one type of sexual activity (e.g. having
both oral sex and penis-in-vagina sex during the same session) (20).

STIs you can get from kissing


Oral herpes (HSV-1)
STIs you can get from oral sex
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
HPV
Herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
Syphilis
HIV
Trichomoniasis
STIs you can get from fingering and fisting (anal and vaginal) (21)
Anything that can cause cuts or tears to the anus or genitals (like fingernails, rings, or tearing
of the skin) can increase possible transmission of any blood-borne STIs (like HIV or hepatitis
B or C). If your fingers contact other people’s genitals and then your own, STIs can be
passed through genital secretions. To be safe, always wash your hands after touching
someone else's genitals, or even wear gloves to be extra safe.

STIs you can get from vaginal (penis-in-vagina or vulva-to-vulva) sex


HIV
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
HPV
Syphilis
Chancroid
Hepatitis B & C
Trichomoniasis
Genital warts
STIs you can get from anal sex
HIV
Hepatitis B & C
HPV
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
Genital warts
Diseases transmitted through microorganisms from feces (Giardia, Shigella, Salmonella,
Campylobacter, and E. coli) (21)
Having an STI is nothing to be ashamed of.

Discussing STIs more openly with peers and telling your partners is not only necessary for
your sexual health, but also important for fighting stigmas and breaking societal and cultural
taboos.

When and how to have sex is a personal decision. Being informed, safe, and comfortable
will mean that your sexual experiences can be fun and pleasurable too.

Sex is most enjoyable when you feel safe, comfortable and excited. Download Clue to track
when you have protected or unprotected sex, and set reminders for STI check-ups.

An earlier version of this article was published November 8th 2021.

an illustration of the Clue flower


Live in sync with your cycle and download the Clue app today.
Download Clue
References
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. FAQ: When sex is painful
[internet]. Washington DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 2018.
[cited 2021 Sep 28]. Available from
[Link]
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. FAQ: Your sexual health
[internet]. Washington DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 2020 Oct.
[cited 2022 Feb 28]. Available from
[Link]
Casado-Espada NM, de Alarcón R, de la Iglesia-Larrad JI, Bote-Bonaechea B, Montejo ÁL.
Hormonal Contraceptives, Female Sexual Dysfunction, and Managing Strategies: A Review.
J Clin Med. 2019 Jun 25;8(6):908.
O'Connell HE, Sanjeevan KV, Hutson JM. Anatomy of the clitoris. The Journal of urology.
2005 Oct 31;174(4):1189-95.
Pauls RN. Anatomy of the clitoris and the female sexual response. Clin Anat. 2015
Apr;28(3):376-84.
Gallo MF, Steiner MJ, Warner L, Hylton-Kong T, Figueroa JP, Hobbs MM, et al. Self-reported
condom use is associated with reduced risk of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis.
Sex Transm Dis. 2007;34:829-833.
Department of Health and Human Services: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Condoms and STDs: fact sheet for public health personnel. Available from:
[Link]
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention; World Health Organization (WHO) Department of Reproductive Health and
Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication
Programs (CCP). Knowledge for health project. Family planning: a global handbook for
providers (2018 update) [online]. Baltimore, MD; Geneva, Switzerland: CCP and WHO;
2011; and Trussell J. Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception
2011;83:397–404. Available from
[Link]
Committee on Adolescent Health Care; Committee on Gynecologic Practice. Committee
Opinion No. 582: addressing health risks of noncoital sexual activity. Obstet Gynecol. 2013
Dec;122(6):1378-82. Available from:
[Link]
[Link]?dmc=1&ts=20180627T1502551458
American college of obstetricians and gynecologists. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
FAQ071. Dec 2016. Available from:
[Link]
American college of obstetricians and gynecologists. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
FAQ077. Mar 2018. Available from:
[Link]
Satterwhite CL, Torrone E, Meites E, Dunne EF, Mahajan R, Ocfemia MC, Su J, Xu F,
Weinstock H. Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and
incidence estimates, 2008. Sex Transm Dis. 2013 Mar;40(3):187-93
Centers for disease control and prevention. Genital herpes - CDC fact sheet (detailed). 9 Jan
2017. Georgia, USA. available from:
[Link]
Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted
diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137.
Available from: [Link]
American college of obstetricians and gynecologists. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
FAQ077. Mar 2018. Available from:
[Link]
Centers for disease control and prevention. Trichomoniasis - CDC fact sheet. 14 July 2017.
Georgia, USA. available from:
[Link]
American college of obstetricians and gynecologists. Vaginitis. FAQ028. Sep 2017. Available
from: [Link]
World Health Organization. HIV/AIDS key facts. [Link]. 19 Jul 2018. Available from:
[Link]
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