I.

Choose the correct answer

[Link] girth of a tree can be measured by
a. Meter scale b. Meter rod c. Plastic ruler d. measuring tape
Answer: (d) measuring tape

[Link] conversion of 7m into cm gives

a. 70 cm b. 7 cm c. 700 cm d. 7000 cm
Answer: c. 700 cm

[Link] that can be measured is called

a. Physical quantity b. Measurement c. unit d. motion
Answer: b. Measurement

[Link] the correct one

a. km > mm > cm > m b. km> mm > cm > km c. km > m > cm > mm d. km > cm > m > mm
Answer: c. km > m > cm > mm

[Link] measuring length using a ruler, the position of your eye should be
a. Left side of the point. b. Vertically above the point where the measurement is to be taken. c. Right
side of the point d. Anywhere according to one’s convenience
Answer: b. Vertically above the point where the measurement is to be taken.

II. True or False

1. 126 kg is the correct way of expressing mass. [True]
2. Length of one’s chest can be measured by using meter scale. [True]
3. Ten millimeters makes one centimeter. [True]
4. A hand span is a reliable measure of length. [False]
5. The SI system of units is accepted everywhere in the world. [True]

III. Fill up the blanks

1. SI Unit of length is symbolically represented as meter(m).
2. 500 gm = 1/2 kilogram
3. Distance between Delhi and Chennai can be measured in Kilometer
4. 1 m = 100 cm
5. 5 km = 5000 m.

IV. Analogy
1. Sugar: Beam balance; Lime juice? [Answer: measuring jar]
2. Height of a person: cm; length of your sharpened pencil lead? [Answer: mm]
3. Milk: volume; vegetables? [Answer: mass]

V. Match the following

1. Length of the fore arm - Meter
2. SI unit of length- Second
3. Nano- 10^3
4. SI Unit of time - 10^–9
5. Kilo- Cubit

Answer
1. Length of the fore arm - Cubit
2. SI unit of length - Meter
3. Nano - 10^-9
4. SI Unit of time - Second
5. Kilo - 10^3

VI. Arrange in increasing order of unit

1 Meter, 1 centimeter, 1 kilometer, and 1 millimeter.
Answer: 1 millimeter, 1 centimeter, 1 Meter, 1 kilometer.

VII. Answer in a word or two.

1. What is the full form of SI system?
• The full form of SI system is International Standard

2. Name any one instrument used for measuring mass.

• Instrument used for measuring mass is electronic balance

3. Find the odd one out Kilogram, Millimeter, Centimeter, Nanometer

Kilogram, Millimeter, Centimeter, Nanometer
• Kilogram

4. What is the SI Unit of mass?

• The SI Unit of mass is Kilogram.

5. What are the two parts present in a measurement

• A number and its unit.

VIII. Find the answer for the following questions within the grid
1. 10-3 is one milli.
2. SI Unit of time second.
3. Cross view of reading for a measurement leads to error.
4. Time is the one what a clock reads
5. Mass is the amount of substance present in an object
6. Average can be taken to get the final reading of the recordings of different of students for a single
measurement.
7. Length is a fundamental quantity
8. Odometer shows the distance covered by an automobile
9. A tailor use tape to take measurements to stitch a cloth
10. Liquids are measured with this physical quantity liter.

IX. Answer in a sentence or two.

1. Define measurement.
• The comparison of unknown quantities with some known quantities is known as measurement.

2. Define mass.
• Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object.

3. The distance between two places is 43.65 km. Convert it into meter and cm.
• 1 km = 1000 m
• 43.65 km = 43.65 × 1000 = 43650 m
• 1 m = 100 cm; 1 km = 100000 cm
• 43.65 km = 43.65 × 100000 = 4365000 cm

4. What are the rules to be followed to make accurate measurement with scale?
• Correct position of the eye is important for taking measurement.
• Your eye must be exactly in front of vertically above the point where the measurement has to be
taken.

X. Solve the following.

Solution: 1 km = 1000 m
• 2250 m = 2250 / 1000 = 2.25 km

2. While measuring the length of a sharpened pencil, reading of the scale at one end is 2.0 cm and at the
other end is 12.1 cm. What is the length of the pencil?
Given: one end (starting) = 2.0 cm
other end (finishing) = 12.1 cm
To find: the length of the pencil =?
Solution: The length of the pencil = finishing end - starting end
= 12.1 - 2.0 cm = 10.1 cm
The length of the pencil is 10.1cm.

XI. Write in detail

1. Explain two methods those you can use to measure the length of a curved line.
Method 1:
Measuring the length of a curved line Using a string
• Draw a curved line AB on a piece of paper.
• Place a String along the curved line.
• Make sure that the string covers every bit of the curved line.
• Mark the points where the curved line begins and ends on the string.
• Now, stretch the string along the length of a meter scale and measure the distance between the two
markings of the string.
• Note it. This will give you the length of a curved line.

Method 2:
Look Measuring the length of a curved line using a divider.
• Draw a curved line AB on a piece of paper
• Separate the legs of the divider by 0.5 cm or 1 cm using a ruler.
• Place it on the curved line starting from one end. Mark the position of the other end.
• Move it along the line again and again cutting the line into number, of segments of equal lengths. The
remaining-parts of the line can be measured using a scale.
• Count the number of segments
• Therefore, the length of the line = (number of segments × length of each segment) + length of the left-
over part.

Fill up the following chart.

 Unit 2. Force and motion

I. Choose the correct answer

1. Unit of speed is
a. m b. s c. kg d. m/s
Answer: (d) m/s

[Link] motion among the following is

a. Rotation of the earth about its axis b. Revolution of the moon about the earth c. To and fro movement
of a vibrating string d. All of these.
Answer: (c) To and fro movement of a vibrating string

[Link] correct relation among the following is

1. Speed = distance × time
2. Speed = distance / time.
3. Speed = time / distance
4. Speed = 1 / (distance × time)
Answer: (b) Speed = distance / time

[Link] rides with her father’s bike to her uncle’s house which is 40 km away from her home. She takes 40
minutes to reach there.
Statement 1: She travels with a speed of 1 km / minute.
Statement 2: She travels with a speed of 1 km/hour
a. Statement 1 alone is correct.
b. Statement 2 alone is correct.
c. Both statement 1 and 2 are correct.
d. Neither statement 1 nor statement 2 is correct.
Answer: (a) Statement 1 alone is correct.

II. Fill in the blanks

1. A bike moving on a straight road is an example of Linear motion.
2. Gravitational force is a non-contact force.
3. Motion of a potter’s wheel is an-Example for Rotary of motion.
4. When an object covers equal distances in equal interval of time, it is said to be in uniform motion.

III. Find whether the following statements are true or false. if false give the correct answer
1. To and fro motion is called oscillatory motion. [True]
2. Vibratory motion and rotatory motion are periodic motions. [True]
3. Vehicles moving with varying speeds are said to be in uniform motion. [False]
Correct answer: Vehicles moving with varying speeds are said to be in non-uniform motion.
1. Robots will replace human in future. [False]
Correct answer: Robots will not replace human in future.
IV. Match the following

V. Given below is the distance travelled by an elephant across a forest with uniform speed. Complete
the data of the table given below with the idea of uniform speed.

VI. Analogy
1. kicking a ball : contact force :: falling of leaf : _____________ ?
kicking a ball : contact force :: falling of leaf: Non- contact force

2. Distance : meter :: speed : _____________?

Distance : meter :: speed : meter / sec

3. circulatory motion :: a spinning top :: oscillatory motion : _____________ ?

circulatory motion :: a spinning top :: oscillatory motion : To and fro motion of hand.

VII Complete the web chart

VIII. Give one word for the following statements
1. The force which acts on an object without Physical contact with its non-contact force.
2. A change in the position of an object with time Motion.
3. The motion which repeats itself after a fixed interval of time Periodic motion.
4. The motion of an object travels equal distances in equal intervals of time Uniform motion.
5. A machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically. Robot

IX Answer the following in a sentence or two

1. Define force.
Answer: push or pull action on an animate or inanimate agency is called force.

2. Name different types of motion based on the path.

Answer:
• Linear
• Curvilinear
• Circular
• Rotatory
• Oscillatory
• Zigzag (irregular)

3. If you are sitting in a moving car, will you be at rest or motion with respect ur friend sitting next to
you?
Answer: I am in rest respect to my friend sitting next to me.

4. Rotation of the earth is a periodic motion. Justify.

Answer: For rotation of earth, it takes equal interval of time (24 hours) to rotate itself. So, it is a
periodic motion.

5. Differentiate between rotational and curvilinear motion

Answer: Curvilinear - moving ahead but changing direction, like a throwing ball.
Rotatory -The movement of a body about its own axis, like a rotating top.

X. Answer in detail:
1. What is motion? Classify different types of motion with examples.
Answer:
• Motion: Application of force in an object result in motion from a state of rest. Different-types of
motion:
• Linear- moving in a straight line, like a person walking on a straight path, free fall.
• Curvilinear - moving ahead but changing direction, like a throwing ball.
• Circular -moving in a circle, swirling stone tied to the rope.
• Rotatory -The movement of a body about its own axis, like a rotating top.
• Oscillatory -coming back to the same position after a fixed time interval, like a pendulum.
• Zigzag (irregular) - like the motion of a bee or people walking in a crowded street.
XI. Calculate
1. A vehicle covers a distance of 400km in 5 hours. Calculate its average speed.
Solution:
Average speed (s) = distance travelled (d) / time taken (t)
= 400 km / 5 hour
= 80 km / hour.
XII. Fill with examples

Linear motion - walking on a straight path

Curvilinear motion - a throwing ball
Self-rotatory motion - Motion of wheel in a cart
Circular motion - swirling stone tied to the rope
Oscillatory motion - pendulum
Irregular motion people - walking in a crowded street

Unit 3. Matter Around Us

I. Choose the correct answer

1._____________ is not made of matter
a. gold ring b. iron nail c. light ray d. oil drop
Answer: (c) light ray

2.200 ml of water is poured into a bowl of 400ml capacity. The volume of water now will be
a. 400 ml b. 600 ml c. 200ml d. 800ml
Answer: (c) 200ml

3. Seeds from water-melon can be removed by _____________ method.

a. hand-picking b. filtration c. magnetic separation d. decantation
Answer: (a) hand-picking

[Link] impurities like dust when mixed with rice or pulses can be removed by _____________.
a. filtration b. sedimentation c. decantation d. winnowing
Answer: (d) winnowing
5. _____________of is essential to perform winnowing activity
a. Rain b. Soil c. Water d. Air
Answer: (d) Air

[Link] method is effective in separating _____________ mixture

a. solid-solid b. solid-liquid c. liquid-liquid d. liquid-gas
Answer: (b) solid-liquid

[Link] the following _____________ is not a mixture

a. Coffee with milk b. lemon juice c. water d. ice cream embedded with nuts.
Answer: (c) water

II. Fill in the blanks

1. Matter is made up of extremely small particles.
2. In solids, the space between the particles is less than in liquids and gases
3. Grains can be separated from their stalks by Winnowing.
4. Chillies are removed from ‘upma’ by Hand-picking method.
5. The method employed to separate clay particles from water is Decantation.
6. Water obtained from tube wells is usually impure Water.
7. Among the following items:
safety pins, pencil and rubber band, safety pins will get attracted to a magnet.

III. State whether the following statements are True or False. If false give the correct statement
[Link] is not compressible. [False]
Answer: Gases are highly compressible as compared to liquids and solids. So, Air is compressible.

[Link] have no fixed volume but have fixed shape. [False]

Answer: Liquids have fixed volume but not have fixed shape.

[Link] in solids are free to move. [False]

Answer: Particles in solids are not free to move.

[Link] pulses are washed with water before cooking, the water is separated from them by the pro-cess
of filtration [True]

[Link] is a kind of sieve which is used to separate a liquid from solid [True]

[Link] and husk can be separated by winnowing [True]

[Link] is a pure substance [False]

Answer: Air is a mixture of substances.

[Link] from curds is separated by sedimentation. [False]

Answer: Butter from curds is separated by Churning.
IV. Complete the given analogy
1. Solid: rigidity:: gas: _____________.
Solid: rigidity :: gas : flexibility

[Link] Inter-particle space: gas:: _____________ :solid

Large Inter-particle space: gas :: tightly packed: solid

[Link] : Definite shape :: ______ Shape of the vessel

Solid : Definite shape :: liquid Shape of the vessel

4. Husk-grains: winnowing:: Sawdust- Chalk piece: _____________

Husk-grains: winnowing :: Sawdust- Chalk piece : Decantation.

5. Murukku from hot oil: _____________ : coffee powder residue from decoction
Murukku from hot oil : Filtration :: coffee powder residue from decoction : Decantation.

[Link] – Sulphur mixture: ____________: Mustard seeds from Urad-dhal: rolling

Iron - Sulphur mixture : Magnetic separation :: Mustard seeds from Urad-dhal : rolling

V. a) Match the following

Answer:
Property: Example
Breaks easily (brittle): Mud pot
Bends readily: Plastic wire
Can be stretched easily: Rubber band
Gets compressed easily: Cotton wool
Gets heated readily: Mud pot
Answer:
(i) Separation of visible undesirable - rice and stone - Hand-picking
(ii) Separating of heavier and lighter components - husk and paddy - Winnowing
(iii) Separation of insoluble impurities - Water mixed with chalk power -Decantation
(iv) Separation of magnetic component from non - magnetic components - iron impurities - Magnetic
Separation
(v) Separation of solids from liquids - Sand and water - Filtration

VI. Answer very briefly

1. Define the term matter.
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

2. How can husk or fine dust particles be separated from rice before cooking?
Husk or fine dust particles be separated from rice before cooking by decantation.
The water with the impurities is carefully poured away leaving clean rice at the bottom. This is called
decantation.

3. Why do we separate mixtures?

We separate mixtures because
• to remove harmful components
• to obtain the useful component
• to obtain a substance in a highly pure form.

4. Give an example for mixture and justify your answer with reason.
Example for mixture:
• stones from rice
• Petrol from petroleum
• Gold from gold mines.
We have to separate these mixtures to get useful things.

5. Define Sedimentation.
Sedimentation: Settling down of suspended, insoluble and heavy solid particles (used to separate solid
- liquid mixtures)

6. Give the main difference between a pure substance and an impure substance.
Pure substance
1. Deduction of a foreign or inferior substance
[Link] to use
Impure substance
[Link] of a foreign or inferior substance
[Link] ready to use
VII. Answer briefly
1. A rubber ball changes its shape on pressing. Can it be called a solid?
Answer: Yes, it is solid filled with air.

2. Why do gases not have fixed shape?

Answer: The particles in the gases are arranged far apart. They move freely. So, gases not have fixed
shape. E.g., Air

3. What method will you employ to separate cheese (paneer) from milk? Explain.
Answer: Filtering method is used to separate cheese (paneer) from milk.
Procedure to separate cheese (paneer) from milk.
• We will use filter papers to remove waste milk.
• A filter paper has very fine pores much smaller than soil particles.
• Fix a filter paper in the funnel and slowly pour the milk over the filter paper.
• The milk which passes through the filter.
• Cheese (paneer) is stayed in filter paper.

4. Look at the picture given below and explain the method of separation illustrated.

Answer: Sieving method is used to separate bran from flour.

Procedure to separate bran from flour:
• We sieve to remove bran from flour.
• Slowly pour the flour over the sieve, and shake the sieve.
• The flour which passes through the sieve is separated.
• Now bran from flour is separated.

5. How can you separate a mixture of a large quantity of tiny bits of paper mixed with pulses / dal?
Answer: A mixture of a large quantity of tiny bits of paper mixed with pulses / dal be separated by
decantation.
• The water with the impurities is carefully poured away leaving clean pulses /dal at the bottom. This is
called decantation.

6. What is meant by food adulteration?

Answer: Things that we buy in the market are mixed with harmful and unwanted substances. This
process is called adulteration.
7. Mr. Raghu returns home on a hot summer day and wants to have buttermilk. Mrs. Raghu has only
curds. What can she do to get buttermilk? Explain
Answer: Preparation of buttermilk:
• take a small amount of cud in a container.
• mix water with curd in container and add pinch of salt.
• Churn water with curd.
• now the butter milk is ready.

VIII. Answer in detail

1. Distinguish between properties of Solid, liquid, gas. Draw suitable diagram