ASTU
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING
DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
OPERATING SYSTEM
LAB#1
Group Members
Name ID
1. Wondmeneh Fekadu UGR/31346/15
2. Ergabus Hirpha UGR/30745/15
Laboratory Report: Linux Operating System Commands
Course: Operating System
Instructor: Bushira Ali
Submission Date: 02/05/2025
Objective
he objective of this laboratory experiment was to explore and understand some of
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the most commonly used Linux operating system commands. These commands are
fundamental in navigating the file system, creating and managing files and
directories, and performing basic system operations. The main commands covered
in this lab include cd, mkdir, rm, touch, echo, and others.
Introduction
inux is a popular open-source operating system widely used in server
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environments, personal computers, and embedded systems. Understanding the
basic commands in Linux is essential for effective system administration, file
management, and scripting. This lab aimed to familiarize students with essential
commands used for file navigation, creation, modification, and removal in the Linux
environment.
Tools
- VMWARE workstation
- A Linux-based operating system
Methodology
Command Description Example
pwd Print working directory (shows current path) pwd
cd Change directory cd Documents/
cd ../
cd ~
ls List directory contents ls -l
mkdir Make a new directory kdir
m
new_folder
rmdir Remove empty directory rmdir old_folder
rm Remove files or directories r m [Link], rm -r
folder/
cp Copy files or directories p [Link]
c
[Link]
mv Move or rename files/directories v [Link]
m
[Link]
touch Create empty file touch [Link]
cat Display file content Cat [Link]
nano / vi Command-line text editors nano [Link]
vi [Link]
echo Display a message or variable echo "Hello"
clear Clears the terminal procedures clear
history Displays all the command history history
Procedure
1. Exercise #1
Returned from our current directory to our home directory by
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typing the command > cd /
Created a new directory and named it “exercise1” by typing the
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command > mkdir exercise1
Went to the “exercise1” directory by typing the command> cd
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exercise1
Created a new text file and named it “[Link]”. Then the
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following lines are written into the file
§Exercise #1:
This is a test file
here is the last line
t his is done by typing the command > vi [Link], then written the
above text into it, Escaped from the text editor.
Created a new directory under the “exercise1” directory and
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named it “subdir1” by typing the command > mkdir subdir1
Went to the new directory and printed the contents of [Link] in
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exercise1 directory by typing the following commands :-
§cd subdir1
cp /home/mint/exercise1/[Link]
§
/home/mint/exercise1/subdir1/
returned to exercise1 directory and count the number of lines in
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“[Link]” file by typing the command:-
§cd ../
§wc -l [Link]
2. Exercise #2
ØReturned to home directory by typing the command > cd /
Created a new directory and named it “exercise2” by typing the
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command > mkdir exercise2
Went into the new directory by typing the command > cd
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exercise2
Copied the “[Link]” file from the “exercise1” directory to the
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“exercise2” directory by typing the command >
p /home/mint/exercise1/[Link]
c
/home/mint/exercise2/
New directory named “subdir2” is made under “exercise2”
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directory by typing the command > mkdir subdir2
The file “[Link]” under exercise2 directory is renamed to
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“[Link]” by typing the command > mv [Link] [Link]
All the contents of exercise2 are listed and redirected to the
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subdir2 and renamed to “ls_out” at the same time by typing the
command >
§ls
mv [Link]
§
/home/mint/exercise2/subdir2/Is_out.txt
everything under the “exercise2” directory is removed by typing
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the command > rm -r exercise2
Results
- cd: Worked as expected, allowing navigation between directories.
- mkdir: Successfully created directories.
- vi: Successfully created and edited text files.
- echo: Displayed and wrote text to files.
- rm: Removed files and directories permanently.
- ls: listed all the directories and files.
-mv: renamed and moved files from one location to another
Discussion
his lab demonstrated the ease and effectiveness of using Linux commands to
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perform basic file and directory operations.
Mastery of commands like cd, mkdir, rm, touch, echo, and many more is essential
for navigating and managing files in Linux.
Although these commands are simple, they form the foundation for more complex
operations and scripts.
Conclusion
he lab successfully achieved its objective of introducing and practicing essential
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Linux commands.
By using these basic commands, can efficiently manage files and directories in an
OS environment,
which is a critical skill for developers. Further practice with these commands will
increase proficiency in handling more complex tasks in Operating Systems.