Power Systems (EE31002)

Problem Set – I
(Module 1 and Module 2)

Q1. A balanced Y-connected voltage source with phase voltage of 2770 V is connected to the
parallel combination of a balanced-Y load and balanced- load through a line having per phase
impedance Zline = (1+j2) . The impedances in each phase of the loads are ZY = (30+j10)  and
Z = (45 – j25). The Y-connected load is solidly grounded. Considering 3-phase base values
of 15 kVA and 480 V, calculate the source current and load terminal voltage (line to line) in per
unit.

Q2. Three single-phase two-winding transformers, each rated 400 MVA, 13.8kV/199.2kV, with
leakage reactance xeq =0.10 per unit, are connected to form a three-phase transformer bank.
Winding resistances and exciting currents are neglected. A three-phase load operating under
balanced positive-sequence conditions on the high voltage side absorbs 1000 MVA at 0.90 p.f.
lagging with phase voltage at load terminal, VAN = 190kV. If the high-voltage windings are Y-
connected then find the line to neutral voltage VaN in the low voltage side in p.u. and in kV if the
low voltage windings are connected (a) in Y or (b) in . Consider the rating of the three-phase
transformer bank as the base for the transformer circuit.

Q3. Find the GMR of a stranded conductor having seven identical strands (as shown in Fig. Q5)
each of radius 2.3 mm. Also find the ratio of GMR to overall outer radius of the conductor.

Fig. Q5

Q4. Calculate the inductance per phase of a three-phase, double circuit line as shown in Fig. Q6.
Conductors of the two lines are placed on the same towers and connect the same pair of
substations. The lines are completely transposed. Consider the conductors to be identical and
solid with actual diameter equal to 1.5cm.

6m

2.5m

2.5 m
 Fig. Q6

Q5. A 300 kV, three-phase bundle conductor line with two sub-conductors per phase has a
configuration as shown in Fig. Q7. Find the inductance per phase, if the GMR of each sub-
conductor is 1.2 cm.

40 cm

4m

3m 5m

Fig. Q7

[Link] the capacitance per phase of a three-phase double-circuit line as shown in Fig. Q8.
The outer diameter of the conductors is 2 cm. Assume that the line is completely transposed.
6m
a c

3.5 m

b b

3.5 m

c a
8m

Fig. Q8

Q7. Find the change in the capacitance per phase due to the ground effect for a fully transposed
three-phase, three-wire transmission line whose conductors of outer diameter 2 cm are arranged
in equilateral spacing of 3 m and the height of the lower conductors from ground is 8 m.

Q8. A single circuit, 50 Hz, 120 km long, 3-phase transmission line has the following parameters
per km:
 , L = 1.3mH and C =0.01 F.
The voltage at the receiving end is 132 kV. If the line is open at the receiving end, find the rms
value and phase angle of the following:
(i) The incident voltage to neutral at the receiving end (reference).
(ii) The reflected voltage to neutral at the receiving end.
(iii) The incident and reflected voltages to neutral at the sending end.
(iv) Also find the electrical length of the line (in electrical degree).

[Link] the transmission line mentioned in Q10, find out the A,B,C, D parameters of the line
considering nominal- model.
Next, assume that the same line is operated with a frequency of 250 Hz. Find out the A,B,C,D
parameters of the line with suitable justification. Can you tell whether the line is a short line,
medium line or long line? Justify your answer.

Q10. The parameters of a transmission line represented by nominal- are

A= D =11.0; B = 9880;
(a) Find the power and power factor of the load if the voltages at the two ends are 105 kV
with a phase difference of 25.
(b) Now a shunt capacitor is connected at the receiving end of the line in order to supply a
load of 45 MW at 0.86 p.f. (lag) with a receiving end voltage of 105 kV. Find the reactive
power supplied by the line and by the capacitor.

[Link] numbers identical 500 kV, 60 Hz three-phase transmission lines are used to transmit
2500 MW of power from a generating station to a load centre at a distance of 500 km. The
magnitudes of the sending and receiving end voltages are maintained at 1.0 p.u. while the angle
difference () is 32.85. Considering the lines to be lossless, find the surge impedance of the
lines. Also find the per phase reactance of the series capacitor to be connected at the sending end
of the lines such that the same power can be transmitted over two lines (instead of three), while
keeping VS, VR, and  unchanged. (It may be noted that the effect of series compensation is
negligible on the parameters A, C and D).

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Answer keys for Problem Set-I

Q1. Current = 1.2022.95 p.u., Voltage = 0.9432-9.79 p.u.

Q2. (a) 0.9954.532 or 13.734.532 kV, (b) 0.9954.532 or 7.93-25.468 kV

Q3. GMR = 5 mm, Ratio = 0.725

Q4. 0.6167 mH/km

Q5. 0.9035 mH/km

Q6. 0.0188 µF/km

Q7. Without ground effect = 9.74 nF/km, With ground effect = 9.765 nF/km

Q8. (i) Incident voltage at receiving end = 38.1050 kV

(ii) Reflected voltage at receiving end = 38.1050 kV
(iii) Incident voltage at sending end = 39.3588.01 kV,
Reflected voltage at sending end = 36.892-8.01 kV
(iv) Electrical length of the line = 8.01

Q9. Nominal- model

A = D = 0.99080.2615, B = 54.5563.89 , C = 3.75 x 10-490.1 S
For 250 Hz operation, it is long line. Corresponding parameters are
A = D = 0.77831.54, B = 227.684.8 , C = 1.742 x 10-390.44 S

Q10. (a) 43.06 MW at power factor 0.9205 (lead)

(b) Line reactive power, QR = -19.66 MVAR,
Reactive power from capacitor, QC = 46.36 MVAR

Q11. 67.05 