HTML
Introduction
• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language • HTML consists of a series of elements
• HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
• HTML elements are represented by tags
• HTML tags label pieces of content such as "heading", "paragraph", "table", and so on
• Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to render the content of the page
HTML Page Structure
Simple HTML Document
<!DOCTYPE html> <html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title> </head>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body> </html>
HTML Concepts: HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag: <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>HTML Links</h2>
<p>HTML links are defined with the a tag:</p>
<a href="[Link] is a link</a>
</body>
</html>
HTML Images
• HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
• The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes
<!DOCTYPE html> <html>
<body>
<h2>HTML Images</h2>
<p>HTML images are defined with the img tag:</p>
<img src="[Link]" alt="[Link]" width="104" height="142">
</body>
</html>
HTML Lists
HTML lists are defined with the: • <ul> (unordered/bullet list) or
• <ol> (ordered/numbered list) tag, followed by • <li> tags (list items)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>An Unordered HTML List</h2>
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
<h2>An Ordered HTML List</h2>
<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>
Text Formatting
<!DOCTYPE html> <html>
<body>
<p><b>This text is bold</b></p> <p><i>This text is italic</i></p>
<p>This is<sub> subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup></p>
</body> </html>
HTML Comment Tags
<!DOCTYPE html> <html>
<body>
<!-- This is a comment --> <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<!-- Comments are not displayed in the browser -->
</body> </html>
HTML Table
<!DOCTYPE html> </tr>
<html> <tr>
<body> <td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
<h2>Basic HTML Table</h2> </tr>
<tr>
<table style="width:10%"> <tr> <td>John</td>
<th>Firstname</th> <td>Doe</td>
<th>Lastname</th> <td>80</td>
<th>Age</th> </tr>
</tr> </table>
<tr>
<td>Jill</td> </body>
<td>Smith</td> </html>
<td>50</td>
HTML Table - Adding a Border
<!DOCTYPE html> <tr>
<html> <td>Jill</td>
<head> <style> <td>Smith</td>
table, th, td { <td>50</td>
border: 1px solid black; } </tr>
</style> <tr>
</head> <td>Eve</td>
<body> <td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
<h2>Bordered Table</h2> </tr>
<p>Use the CSS border property to add a border to <tr>
the table.</p> <td>John</td>
<td>Doe</td>
<td>80</td>
<table style="width:10%"> <tr> </tr>
<th>Firstname</th> </table>
<th>Lastname</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr> </body>
</html>
HTML Table - Collapsed Borders
<!DOCTYPE html> <html>
<head> <style> table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
} </style> </head>
<body> ------ </body>
Cell Padding
<!DOCTYPE html> <html>
<head> <style> table,
th, td {
border: 1px solid black; border-collapse:
collapse;
}
th, td { padding: 15px;
} </style>
</head>
<body> ---- </body>
Left-align Headings
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head> <style>
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black; border-
collapse: collapse;
}
th, td { padding: 5px;
} th
{
text-align: left; }
</style>
</head>
Adding Border Spacing
<!DOCTYPE html> <html>
<head> <style> table,
th, td {
border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px;
} table {
border-spacing: 15px; }
</style>
</head>
Cells Span - Columns
<table style="width:10%"> <tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th colspan="2">Telephone</th>
</tr> <tr>
<td>Bill Gates</td> <td>55577854</td>
<td>55577855</td>
</tr> </table>
Cells Span - Rows
<table style="width:100%"> <tr>
<th>Name:</th> <td>Bill
Gates</td>
</tr> <tr>
<th rowspan="2">Telephone:</th> <td>55577854</td>
</tr> <tr>
<td>55577855</td> </tr>
</table>
Table Caption
<table style="width:10%"> <caption>Monthly
savings</caption> <tr>
<th>Month</th>
<th>Savings</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>January</td>
<td>$100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>February</td>
<td>$50</td>
</tr>
</table>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Text Input</h2>
<form>
First name:<br>
<input type="text" name="firstname"> <br>
Last name:<br>
<input type="text" name="lastname"> </form>
</body>
</html>
Radio Input
<!DOCTYPE html> <html>
<body>
<h2>Radio Buttons</h2>
<form>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="male" checked> Male<br> <input type="radio" name="gender"
value="female"> Female<br> <input type="radio" name="gender" value="other"> Other
</form>
</body>
</html>
Textarea
<!DOCTYPE html> <html>
<body> <h2>Textarea</h2>
<p>The textarea element defines a multi-line input
field.</p>
<form action="/action_page.php">
<textarea name="message" rows="10"
cols="30">Comments</textarea>
<br>
<input type="submit"> </form>
</body>
</html>
Button Element
<!DOCTYPE html> <html>
<body>
<h2>The button Element</h2>
<button type="button" onclick="alert(‘Successfully
Submitted !')">Click Me!</button>
</body>
</html>
Reset Button
<form action="/action_page.php"> First name:<br>
<input type="text" name="firstname" value=“Name">
<br>
Last name:<br>
<input type="text" name="lastname" value=“LName">
<br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit"> <input type="reset">
</form>
Password
<form action=""> User name:<br>
<input type="text" name="userid"> <br>
User password:<br>
<input type="password" name="psw"> </form>
Word Processing
Word Processing refers to the act of using a computer to create, edit, save and print documents. In order to perform word
processing, specialized software (known as a Word Processor) is needed. One example of a Word Processor is Microsoft
Word, but other word processing applications are also widely used. Examples include: Microsoft Works Word Processor,
Open Office Writer, Word Perfect and Google Drive Document.
Microsoft Word is a popular word processing software. It helps in arranging written text in a proper format and giving it a systematic
look. This formatted look facilitates easier reading. It provides spell-check options, formatting functions like cut-copy-paste, and
spots grammatical errors on a real-time basis. It also helps in saving and storing documents.
Basics of Word Processing
[Link]. Word Processing Concepts & Description
1 Opening Word Processing Package
Word processing package is mostly used in offices on microcomputers. To open a new
document, click on "Start" button and go to "All Programs" and click on "Microsoft Word".
2 Opening and Closing Documents
Word automatically starts with a blank page. For opening a new file, click on "New".
3 Page Setup
Page setup options are usually available in "Page Layout" menu. Parameters defined by the
user help in determining how a printed page will appear.
4 Print Preview
This option is used to view the page or make adjustments before any document gets printed.
5 Cut, Copy and Paste
In this section, we shall learn how to use cut, copy and paste functions in Word.
6 Table Manipulation
Manipulation of table includes drawing a table, changing cell width and height, alignment
of text in the cell, deletion/insertion of rows and columns, and borders and shading.
ELECTRONIC SPREAD SHEET
An electronic spreadsheet (or simply a ‘spreadsheet’) is an electronic version of the accountant's traditional paper spreadsheet, which
stores numeric data in two-dimensional tables that display the results of calculations performed on these data.
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application which is used to create and manage lists of information. Excel allows to enter, edit,
manage and analyze large amount of data in a worksheet and create colorful charts and graphs. It uses formulae to calculate and
analyze data. It helps to combine a series of commands using "Macros", thus saving time. At higher levels, you can use it as a complete
development tool catering to many complex requirements.
[Link]. Spread Sheet Concepts & Description
1 Elements of Electronic Spread Sheet
The topics explaining the entire concepts related to spread sheet in detail, i.e., Elements of
an electronic spread sheet, manipulation of cells, functions and charts.
2 Manipulation of Cells
Manipulation of cells is entering and modifying the contents of the cells.
3 Creating Text, Number and Date Series
Here, we will look into how to create text series, how to create number series and how to
create data series
4 Editing Worksheet Data
Modifying or adding text or using cut, copy, paste operations to an existing document is
known as editing.
5 Function and Charts
We shall learn how to use functions and charts in Microsoft Excel Using Formulas like
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division
6 Chart
A chart is a graphical representation of worksheet data. Charts can make data interesting,
attractive and easy to read and evaluate. They can also help you to analyze and compare
data.
Microsoft Word
Sometimes called Winword, MS Word, or Word, Microsoft Word is a word processor published by Microsoft. It is one of the
office productivity applications included in the Microsoft Office suite. Originally developed by Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie,
it was first released in [Link] Word is available for Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS, Android, and Apple iOS. It can also
run on the Linux operating system using WINE.
What is Microsoft Word used for?
Microsoft Word allows you to create professional-quality documents, reports, letters, and résumés. Unlike a plain text editor,
Microsoft Word has features including spell check, grammar check, text and font formatting, HTML support, image support,
advanced page layout, and more.
Below is an overview of a Microsoft Word 2010 document
What are the uses of Microsoft Word?
Microsoft Word is a word processor, and, like other word processors, it's capable of helping users create a variety of different types
of documents. For example, users can create a résumé, business contract, instruction document, or a letter to another person. We've
included a list of the top uses of a word processor on our word processor page.
How many lines are there on a page in Microsoft Word?
By default, there are 29 lines on one page in Microsoft Word.
What type of files can Microsoft Word create and use?
Early versions of Microsoft Word primarily created and used the .doc file extension, while newer versions of Word create and use
the .docx file extension.
More recent versions of Microsoft Word can create and open the following types of files:
.doc, .docm, .docx
.dot, .dotm, .dotx
.htm, .html
.mht, .mhtml
.odt
.pdf
.rtf
.txt
.wps
.xps
.xml
Why use Word instead of a plain-text editor?
Microsoft Word offers many features not found in a traditional text editor or a plain-text file. Reasons to use Microsoft Word instead
of a plain-text editor include the ability to change the formatting (e.g., center), change the font type, size, and color, insert pictures,
and much more.
MS EXCEL
Excel is a spreadsheet application developed and published by Microsoft. It is part of the Microsoft Office suite of productivity
software. Unlike a word processor, such as Microsoft Word, Excel organizes data in columns and rows. Rows and columns intersect
at a space called a cell. Each cell can contain a single of data, such as text, a numerical value, or a formula.
Excel was originally code-named Odyssey during development. It was first released on September 30, 1985.
Excel is a tool for organizing and performing calculations on data. It can analyze data, calculate statistics, generate pivot tables, and
represent data as a chart or graph.
For example, you could create an Excel spreadsheet that calculates a monthly budget, tracks associated expenses, and interactively
sorts the data by criteria.
Below is an example of Microsoft Excel with each of its major sections highlighted. See the formula bar, cell, column, row, or sheet
tab links for further information about each of these sections.
How can Excel be formatted?
Each of the rows, columns, and cells can be modified in many ways, including the background color, number or date format, size,
text font, layout, etc. In our above example, you can see that the first row (row 1) has a blue background, bold text, and each cell
has its text centered.
Excel file extensions
The following file extensions are supported by Microsoft Excel. The default format for saving a Microsoft Excel workbook is .xlsx.
Extension Name Description
.csv CSV (Comma- A minimal format compatible with many spreadsheet applications. Rows of data are
separated values) represented as lines in the text file, with columnar breaks delimited by a
single character, usually a comma.
.dbf DBF 3, DBF 4 The native database file format of DBASE III and IV.
.dif Data interchange A feature-limited, widely-supported file format. Supports saving a single-page
format spreadsheet only.
.htm, .html HTML Contains data formatted in HTML. When exported by Excel, supporting files such as
images and sounds are stored in a folder.
.mht, .mhtml Single-page HTML HTML-formatted single page data.
.ods OpenDocument An open-source file format supported by word processors
Spreadsheet including OpenOffice and LibreOffice.
.pdf PDF (Portable Data An industry-standard document format created by Adobe.
Format)
.prn Space-delimited A format similar to CSV that supports text formatting, created by Lotus. Supports only a
formatted text single sheet.
.slk SYLK Symbolic Supports only a single sheet.
Link Format.
.txt Tab-delimited text A text file format similar to CSV, using tab as the delimiter character. Also,
stores Unicode-encoded single-page spreadsheets.
.xla Excel Add-in Supporting file for Visual Basic VBA projects, compatible with Excel 95-2003.
.xlam Excel Add-in with XML-based format compatible with Excel 2007 and 2013-2019, supporting VBA
Macros projects and Excel 4.0 macros.
.xls Excel Workbook The native Excel file format for Excel versions 97-2003.
(deprecated)
.xlsb Excel Binary A fast load-and-save format compatible with Excel 2007-2019. Supports VBA projects
Workbook and Excel 4.0 macros.
.xlsm Excel Workbook XML-based format compatible with Excel 2007-2019, supporting VBA and Excel 4.0
with Macros macros.
.xlsx Excel Workbook The native Excel file format for Excel versions 2007-2019. Supports "ISO Strict"
formatting. Does not support macros.
.xlt Excel Template Excel template file format, Excel 97-2003.
(deprecated)
.xltx Excel Template Excel template file format, Excel 2007-2019.
.xlw Excel Workbook Saves only worksheets, chart sheets, and macro sheets, but does not save spreadsheets.
Only Compatible with Excel 2013-2019.
.xml XML Data Spreadsheet data exported as XML.
.xps OpenXML Paper An open-source document format similar to PDF.
Specification
PowerPoint
Sometimes abbreviated as PP or PPT, PowerPoint is a Microsoft presentation program that creates a slide show of important
information, charts, and images to display during a presentation. It is most often used for business and school presentations.
PowerPoint example
The picture below is an example of what Microsoft PowerPoint looks like with a description on each major area in red.
PowerPoint slides may contain only text, or they can include pictures, videos, or animated text and images. Text may be formatted
in the same ways as in Microsoft Word, with custom color, size, and font type.
Benefits of PowerPoint
PowerPoint provides multiple benefits to users, including:
It is widely used, and considered the "standard" for presentation software. If you create a PowerPoint presentation, it's more
likely it will be easier for others to open and view.
It includes many optional presentation features, including slide transitions, animations, layouts, templates, and more.
It offers the option to export its slides to alternative file formats, including GIF and JPG images, MPEG-
4 video, PDF, RTF (rich text format), WMV (Windows Media Video), and PowerPoint XML.