STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT FOR AS BUILT COMMERCIAL BUILDING ON PLOT NO, 3045, BLOCK NO.

185 KIRA, MULAWA

APPENDIX

9
 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT FOR AS BUILT COMMERCIAL BUILDING ON PLOT NO, 3045, BLOCK NO. 185 KIRA, MULAWA

CALCULATIONS

10
 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT FOR AS BUILT COMMERCIAL BUILDING ON PLOT NO, 3045, BLOCK NO. 185 KIRA, MULAWA

11
0|Page

MONFRA ENGINEERING SERVICES LTD

Email adress: monfraframon@[Link]
Location : Kyaliwajala – Martyr’s Mall,
Plot No. 1667, Block A, Second
Floor, Suit 13. Kira Road
Mob : +256-772-920140
: +256-701920140

Project:

STRUCTURAL CALCULATION DESIGN FOR AS BUILT

MULTI USE BUILDING ON PLOT 3045, BLOCK 185
NAMUGONGO, KIRA MUNICIPALITY, WAKISO
DISTRICT

Client :

MUTERAKUDDA ABDALLAH KYEYUNE

[Link] 30219, KAMPALA (U)

DECEMBER / 2023
 1|Page

BASIC DESIGN INFORMATION SHEET

Checked by ; Eng.
Calculations by ; MK Client ;
MUTERAKUDDA ABDALLAH KYEYUNE
Location ; PLOT 3045, BLOCK 185
[Link] 30219, KAMPALA (U)

1 The building regulations 1985

Relevant Building regulations and Design Codes
2 BS8110 The structura use of concrete
3 BS6399 part 1 1996 and part 3 1988
4 The uganda Seismic code of practice for
structural designs 2003
Residential Apartments Intended use of the structure
1 hour for all structural elements Fire resistance requirements
Floor imposed =2.0KN/m2
Finishes and partitions =1.5KN/m2
Steel rails = 0.18 KN/m2
Dynamic weight = 25% of dead load
General loading conditions
Stair-imposed =3.0 KN/m2
-finishes =0.5 KN/m2
-Steel rails = 0.10 KN/m2
Dynamic weight = 25% of dead load
Severe(external) and Mild(Internal) Exposure conditions
Allowable bearing pressure Subsoil conditions
=200Kpa
RC footings to columns Foundation type
Grade 25 with 20mm max. aggregate
Characteristic strength ;
• Main bars, fy = 460N/mm2 Material data
• Links fyv = 250 N/mm2
Common burnt clay bricks : 22KN/m2
• unit weight of reinforced concrete=24KN/m3 Materials unit weight
• Density of bricks and finishes =22KN/m3
• Maxpans: =9kg/piece
Self weight of concrete = 24.0 KN/m3 Other relevant information
All dimentions on drawings are in millimeters (mm)
 2|Page

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HOLLOW SLAB

REF:BS8110
Part 1-1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

C D C

A:= 150 Mm Density of concrete:= 24 kN/m3

B:= 50 Mm Density of finishes:= 22 kN/m3
C:= 150 Mm Pots:= 9 kg/piece
D:= 350 Mm Floor screed thickness:= 25 mm
Ceiling thickness:= 25 mm

Topping:= (B/1000)*24 =1.20 kN/m2

Ribs:= (A/1000)*(C/1000)*24/((D+C)/1000) =1.08 kN/m2

Hollow Pots:= (9*10/1000)/(D/1000) =0.26 kN/m2

Floor Screed:= (25/1000)*22 =0.55 kN/m2

Ceiling Plaster:= (25/1000)*22 =0.55 kN/m2

Partitions:= 1.50 kN/m2

TOTAL Gk:= SUM(1.2,1.08,0.26,0.55,0.55,1.5) =5.14 kN/m2 gk=5.14kN/m2

Imposed Load:= 3.0 kN/m2 qk=3.0kN/m2

Limits
Service loads: SUM(5.14,3.0) 8.14 kN/m2

Ultimate Loads: (1.4x5.14+1.6x3.0) 12.0 kN/m2

Design load per strip of T beam

0.45 × 12.0 = 5.4 kN/m
 3|Page

REF:BS8110
Part 1-1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Analysis and Design of Ribbed slab

Load Envelope - Com bination 1

5.400

0.0
mm 3370
A 1 B

Design shear
force=9.0KN
Design Mid-span
moment
= 8KNm
Design support
moment=0.0KNm
 4|Page

REF:BS8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Part 1-1997
Flanged section details
Section width; b = 150 mm
Section depth; h = 200 mm
Maximum flange width; bf = 450 mm
Flange depth; hf = 50 mm
50
200

150

150 150 150

Concrete details
Concrete strength class; C20/25
Characteristic compressive cube strength; fcu = 25 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete; Ec = 20kN/mm2 + 200  fcu = 25000 N/mm2
Maximum aggregate size; hagg = 20 mm
Reinforcement details
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement; fy = 460 N/mm2
Characteristic yield strength of shear reinforcement; fyv = 250 N/mm2
 5|Page

REF:BS8110
Part 1-1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Mid span 2

50

0
2
150
1

150 150 150

Flanged section in flexure - Positive moment

Design bending moment; M = abs(Ms2_red) = 8 kNm
Distance between points of zero moment; L0 = 0.85  Ls2 = 4165 mm
Effective flange width; beff = min(0.2  l0 + b, bf) = 450 mm
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - cnom_b - v - bot / 2 = 151 mm
Percentage redistribution; mrs2 = Ms2_red / Ms2_max - 1 = 0 %
Redistribution ratio; b = min(1 - mrs2, 1) = 1.000
K = M / (beff  d2  fcu) = 0.036
K' = 0.156 = 0.156
Compression
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
steel not required
Lever arm;
z = min(d  (0.5 + (0.25 - K / 0.9)0.5), 0.95  d) = 143 mm
Depth of neutral axis;
x = (d - z) / 0.45 = 17 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As,req = M / (0.87  fy  z) = 162 mm2 Provide 2T12-B
Tension reinforcement provided; 2  12 bars As,prov ok
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As,prov = 226 mm2
Minimum area of reinforcement; As,min = 0.0024  b  h = 72 mm2
Maximum area of reinforcement; As,max = 0.04  b  h = 1200 mm2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Spacing of reinforcement (cl 3.12.11)
Actual distance between bars in tension;
s = (b - 2  (cnom_s + v + bot/2)) /(Nbot - 1) - bot = 40 mm
Minimum distance between bars in tension (cl [Link])
Minimum distance between bars in tension; smin = hagg + 5 mm = 25 mm
PASS - Satisfies the minimum spacing criteria
Maximum distance between bars in tension (cl [Link])
Design service stress;
fs = (2  fy  As,req) / (3  As,prov  b) = 219.8 N/mm2
Maximum distance between bars in tension;
smax = min(47000 N/mm / fs, 300 mm) = 214 mm
PASS - Satisfies the maximum spacing criteria
 6|Page

REF:BS8110
Part 1-1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Span to depth ratio (cl. 3.4.6)
Basic span to depth ratio (Table 3.9); span_to_depth basic = 21.0
Design service stress in tension reinforcement; Section
fs = (2  fy  As,req)/ (3  As,prov  b) = 219.8 N/mm2 adequate
Modification for tension reinforcement
ftens =
min(2.0, 0.55 + (477N/mm2 - fs) / (120  (0.9N/mm2 + (M / (beff  d2))))) = 1.736
Modification for compression reinforcement
fcomp =
min(1.5, 1 + (100  As2,prov / (beff  d)) / (3 + (100  As2,prov / (beff  d)))) = 1.000
Modification for span length; flong = 1.000
Allowable span to depth ratio;
span_to_depthallow = span_to_depthbasic  ftens  fcomp = 36.5
Actual span to depth ratio;
span_to_depthactual = Ls2 / d = 32.5
PASS - Actual span to depth ratio is within the allowable limit
 7|Page

REF:BS8110
Part 1-1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Section
[Link]
Reinforcement in topping for ribbed slabs
Flange width for T-beams;
Figure 1
Bf = bw + 0.7l =230+ 0.7x4150= 520.6mm
10 10

Thickness of topping = 50mm Provide

Area of steel = 520.6 x 50 x 0.12% = 31.23mm² A142mm square
mesh, Area142
Provide A142mm square mesh, Area 142(mm2 /m)
(mm2 /m)
 8|Page

DESIGN LOAD OF RC T- BEAM

REF:BS8110
Part 1-1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

design load of beam 29 along grid line 14

Reference drawing

Bf
200mm
m

450mm

150m
m
Depth of beam, D = 500mm
Width of Beam web, bw = 150mm
Length of the beam, L = 4520mm
Effective width of the flanged beam, Bf

0.7 L 0.7 x 4520

Bf = bw  = 230  = 1000mm
5 5
Assumptions made
Nominal cover C = 25mm (for mild conditions of exposure)
Table 3.3 Compressive strength of concrete, fcu = 25N/mm²
& 3.4 Diameter of bars, = 16mm
Diameter of Links = 8mm
Characteristic strength ;
• Main bars, fy = 460N/mm2
• Links fyv = 250 N/mm2
Common burnt clay bricks : 22KN/m2
Load width = 3800mm
Therefore;
Effective depth,
d =459mm
d = h – (C + Φlinks + 0.5Φbars) d = 500 – (25 + 8 + 8) = 459mm
 9|Page

REF:BS8110
Part 1-1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Design load of beam 14 along grid line 04

Self-weight of beam = 24x (0.5-.2) x0.15 = 1.08KN/m

Load from upper walls = 22 x 0.15 x 3.0 = 9.9KN/m
Load from max-span slab
Total max-span dead load (slab) = 5.14KN/m2
Total dead load, Gk = 1.08+9.9+(5.14) x 3.8
= 30.5KN/m Gk=30.5KN/m

Imposed load on slab, Qk = 3.0KN/m2

Qk=
= 3.0 x 3.8 = 11.4KN/m
11.4KN/m

Total ultimate load on beam, W = 1.4Gk +1.6Qk = 61KN/m Ultimate load

on beam,
W =61.0KN/m
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REF:BS8110
Part 1-1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
RC BEAM ANALYSIS & DESIGN BS8110

Load Envelope - Com bination 1

65.000

0.0
mm 1110 4520 3540
A 1 B 2 C 3 D
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REF:BS8110
Part 1-1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Flanged section details
Section width; b = 150 mm
Section depth; h = 500 mm
Maximum flange width; bf = 830 mm
Flange depth; hf = 200 mm

Concrete details
Concrete strength class; C12/15
Characteristic compressive cube strength; fcu = 15 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete;
Ec = 20kN/mm2 + 200  fcu = 23000 N/mm2
Maximum aggregate size; hagg = 20 mm
Reinforcement details
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement; fy = 460 N/mm2
Characteristic yield strength of shear reinforcement; fyv = 460 N/mm2
Nominal cover to reinforcement
Nominal cover to top reinforcement; cnom_t = 25 mm
Nominal cover to bottom reinforcement; cnom_b = 25 mm
Nominal cover to side reinforcement; cnom_s = 25 mm
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REF:BS8110
Part 1-1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Mid span 2

Provide
200
T16- TOP
(AS =Okay)
500

300

Multiple layers of bottom reinforcement

Reinforcement provided - layer 1; 2  16 bars
Area of reinforcement provided - layer 1; As_L1 = 402 mm2
Depth to layer 1; dL1 = 459 mm
Reinforcement provided - layer 2; 2  16 bars
Area of reinforcement provided - layer 2; As_L2 = 402 mm2
Depth to layer 2; dL2 = 243 mm
Total area of reinforcement; As,prov = As_L1 + As_L2 = 804 mm2
Centroid of reinforcement;
dbot = (As_L1  dL1 + As_L2  dL2) / As,prov = 351 mm
Flanged section in flexure - Positive moment
Design bending moment; M = abs(Ms2_red) = 85 kNm
Distance between points of zero moment; L0 = 0.7  Ls2 = 3164 mm
Effective flange width; beff = min(0.2  l0 + b, bf) = 783 mm
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = dbot = 351 mm
Percentage redistribution; mrs2 = Ms2_red / Ms2_max - 1 = 0 %
Redistribution ratio; b = min(1 - mrs2, 1) = 1.000
K = 0.059
K = M / (beff  d2  fcu) = 0.059
K' = 0.156 = 0.156 compression
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required steel is not
required
Lever arm;
z =326 mm
z = min(d  (0.5 + (0.25 - K / 0.9)0.5), 0.95  d) = 326 mm
Depth of neutral axis; x = (d - z) / 0.45 = 55 mm x =55 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As,req = M / (0.87  fy  z) = 655 mm 2
Provide
Tension reinforcement provided; 2  16 bars + 2  16 bars 2+2T16-B0T
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As,prov = 804 mm2 (AS=804mm2)
Minimum area of reinforcement; As,min = 0.0024  b  h = 180 mm2
Maximum area of reinforcement; As,max = 0.04  b  h = 3000 mm2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Rectangular section in shear
Design shear force Span 2 - 1356 mm to 3164 mm; V = max(Vs2_mid, 0 kN) = 78 kN
Design shear stress; v = V / (b  d) = 1.479 N/mm2
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REF:BS8110
Part 1-1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Design concrete shear stress;
vc = 0.79  min(3,[100  As,prov / (b  d)]1/3)  max(1, (400 /d)1/4)  (min(fcu, 40) / 25)1/3 / m
vc = 0.634 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress;
vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2  (fcu/1 N/mm2)0.5, 5 N/mm2) = 3.098 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than maximum allowable
Value of v from Table 3.7; (vc + 0.4 N/mm2) < v < vmax
Design shear resistance required;
vs = max(v - vc, 0.4 N/mm2) = 0.845 N/mm2
Area of shear reinforcement required; Asv,req = vs  b / (0.87  fyv) = 317 mm2/m Provide T8
Shear reinforcement provided; 2  8 legs at 200 c/c @200mm c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided; Asv,prov = 503 mm2/m Link
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Maximum longitudinal spacing; svl,max = 0.75  d = 263 mm
PASS - Longitudinal spacing of shear reinforcement provided is less than maximum
(cl 3.12.11) Spacing of reinforcement (cl 3.12.11)
Actual distance between bars in tension;
s = (b - 2  (cnom_s + v + bot,L1/2)) /(Nbot,L1 - 1) - bot,L1 = 52 mm

(cl3.12.11.1) Minimum distance between bars in tension (cl [Link])

Minimum distance between bars in tension; smin = hagg + 5 mm = 25 mm
PASS - Satisfies the minimum spacing criteria

(cl3.12.11.2) Maximum distance between bars in tension (cl [Link])

Design service stress;
fs = (2  fy  As,req) / (3  As,prov  b) = 249.6 N/mm2
Maximum distance between bars in tension;
smax = min(47000 N/mm / fs, 300 mm) = 188 mm
PASS - Satisfies the maximum spacing criteria
(cl. 3.4.6) Span to depth ratio (cl. 3.4.6)
Basic span to depth ratio (Table 3.9); span_to_depth basic = 20.8
(Table 3.9) Design service stress in tension reinforcement;
fs = (2  fy  As,req)/ (3  As,prov  b) = 249.6 N/mm2
Modification for tension reinforcement
ftens = min(2.0, 0.55 + (477N/mm2 - fs) / (120  (0.9N/mm2 + (M / (beff  d2))))) = 1.611
Modification for compression reinforcement
fcomp = min(1.5, 1 + (100  As2,prov / (beff  d)) / (3 + (100  As2,prov / (beff  d)))) = 1.027
Modification for span length; flong = 1.000
Allowable span to depth ratio;
span_to_depthallow = span_to_depthbasic  ftens  fcomp = 34.4
Actual span to depth ratio; span_to_depthactual = Ls2 / d = 12.9
PASS - Actual span to depth ratio is within the allowable limit
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REF:BS8110
CALCULATIONS
Part 1-1997 OUTPUT
Support C

200
500

300

Multiple layers of top reinforcement

Reinforcement provided - layer 1; 2  16 bars
Area of reinforcement provided - layer 1; As_L1 = 402 mm2
Depth to layer 1; dL1 = 459 mm
Reinforcement provided - layer 2; 2  16 bars
Area of reinforcement provided - layer 2; As_L2 = 402 mm2
Depth to layer 2; dL2 = 423 mm
Reinforcement provided - layer 3; 2  12 bars
Area of reinforcement provided - layer 3; As_L3 = 226 mm2
Depth to layer 3; dL3 = 389 mm
Total area of reinforcement; As,prov = As_L1 + As_L2 + As_L3 = 1030 mm2
Centroid of reinforcement;
dtop = (As_L1  dL1 + As_L2  dL2 + As_L3  dL3) / As,prov = 430 mm
Design moment resistance of rectangular section (cl. 3.4.4)
Design bending moment; M = abs(MC_red) = 127 kNm
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = dtop = 430 mm
Redistribution ratio; b = min(1 - mrC, 1) = 1.000 K = 0.305
K = M / (b  d2  fcu) = 0.305
compression
K' = 0.156 steel is
K > K' - Compression reinforcement is required required
Lever arm;
z = d  (0.5 + (0.25 - K' / 0.9)0.5) = 334 mm
z =334 mm
Depth of neutral axis; x = (d - z) / 0.45 = 213 mm
Depth of compression reinforcement; d2 = cnom_b + v + bot / 2 = 41 mm x =213 mm
Area of compression reinforcement required;
As2,req = (K - K')  fcu  b  d2 / (0.87  fy  (d - d2)) = 397 mm2
Compression reinforcement provided; 2  16 bars Provide
Area of compression reinforcement provided; As2,prov = 402 mm2 2T16-BOT
(AS=804mm2)
Maximum area of reinforcement (cl.[Link](3)); As,max = 0.04  b  h = 3000 mm2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Area of tension reinforcement required;
As,req = K'  fcu  b  d2 / (0.87  fy  z) + As2,req = 882 mm2
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REF:BS8110
CALCULATIONS
Part 1-1997 OUTPUT
Tension reinforcement provided; Provide
2  16 bars + 2  16 bars + 2  12 bars 2+2T16-TOP
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As,prov = 1030 mm2 2T12 -TOP
Minimum area of reinforcement (exp.9.1N); As,min = 0.0024  b  h = 180 mm2 (AS=1030mm2)
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Rectangular section in shear
Design shear force span 2 at 4090 mm;
V = abs(min(VC_s2_max, VC_s2_red)) = 137 kN
Design shear stress; v = V / (b  d) = 2.125 N/mm2
Design concrete shear stress;
vc = 0.79  min(3,[100  As,prov / (b  d)]1/3)  max(1, (400 /d)1/4)  (min(fcu, 40) / 25)1/3 / m
vc = 0.623 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress;
vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2  (fcu/1 N/mm2)0.5, 5 N/mm2) = 3.098 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than maximum allowable
Value of v from Table 3.7; (vc + 0.4 N/mm2) < v < vmax
Design shear resistance required;
vs = max(v - vc, 0.4 N/mm2) = 1.502 N/mm2
Area of shear reinforcement required; Asv,req = vs  b / (0.87  fyv) = 563 mm2/m
Provide T8
Shear reinforcement provided; 2  8 legs at 175 c/c @175mm c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided; Asv,prov = 574 mm2/m Link
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
 16 | P a g e

RC COLUMN DESIGN
REF:BS8110
CALCULATIONS
Part 1-1997 OUTPUT

COLUMN DESIGN C1
From Site;
Column size width, b = 150mm
Depth, h = 300mm
Nominal cover, C = 25mm
Mild Diameter of bars, = 16mm
conditions of Diameter of Links, = 8mm

exposure Compressive strength of concrete, fcu = 25N/mm²

clause 3.3.4 Tensile strength of steel, fy = 460N/mm²

table 3.4. Shear strength, fyv = 250N/mm²

Height of column from Ground Floor to beam soffit = 3.0m

Load Area = 3.8mx3.0m = 11.4m2

Column loadings;

Dead load from slab = 5.14KN/m2

Dead load from beam = 61KN/m = 16.0KN/m2

3.8m
Total load =21.14 KN/m2

Characteristic dead load x Load Area

= (21.14KN/m2)xLoad Area

=21.14 KN/m2x11.4m2 (2) = 482KN

Self weight of column

= 0.15mx0.30mx3.0mX24KN/m3x3 = 10KN
Axial load
Characteristic load for all floor = 492KN
N=492 KN
 17 | P a g e

REF:BS8110
CALCULATIONS
Part 1-1997 OUTPUT
RC COLUMN DESIGN (BS8110:PART1:1997)
Column definition
Column depth (larger column dim); h = 300 mm
Nominal cover to all reinforcement (longer dim); ch = 35 mm
Depth to tension steel; h' = h - ch – Ldia – Dcol/2 = 247
mm
Column width (smaller column dim); b = 150 mm
Nominal cover to all reinforcement (shorter dim); c b = 35 mm
Depth to tension steel; b' = b - c b - Ldia – Dcol/2 = 97 mm
Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 460 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 15 N/mm2

Braced Column Design to cl 3.8.4

Check on overall column dimensions
Column OK - h < 4b
Braced column slenderness check
Column clear height; lo = 3000 mm
Slenderness limit; llimit = 60  b = 9000 mm
Column slenderness limit OK
Short column check for braced columns
Column clear height; lo = 3000 mm
Effect. height factor for braced columns - maj axis; x = 0.75
BS8110:Table 3.19
Effective height – major axis; lex = x  lo = 2.250 m;
Slenderness check; lex/h = 7.50
The braced column is short (major axis)
 18 | P a g e

REF:BS8110
CALCULATIONS
Part 1-1997 OUTPUT

Effect height factor for braced columns - minor axis; y = 0.75

BS8110:Table 3.19
Effective height – minor axis; ley = y  lo = 2.250 m
Slenderness check; ley/b = 15.00
The braced column is slender (minor axis)
Column is
Column slender about both axes - axial only - (notional major and minor axis slender
bending)
Define column reinforcement
Main reinforcement in column
Assumed diameter of main reinforcement; Dcol = 20 mm
Assumed no. of bars in one face (assumed sym); L ncol = 2
Area of "tension" steel;
Ast = Lncol    Dcol2 / 4 = 628 mm2
Area of compression steel; Asc = Ast = 628 mm2
Total area of steel ;
Ascol =   Dcol2 / 4  2  (Lncol + (Lncol -2)) = 1256.6 mm2
Percentage of steel; Ascol / (b  h) = 2.8 %
Design ultimate loading
Design ultimate axial load; N = 492 kN
Additional moment
ax = lex2 / (2000  b2 ) = 0.11
ay = ley2 / (2000  b2 ) = 0.11
Reduction factor to correct deflection for axial load
Nuz = 0.45  fcu  h  b + 1/ms fy  Ascol = 806.4 kN
Nbal = 0.25  fcu  h  b' = 109.1 kN
K = min( (Nuz - N)/(Nuz - Nbal), 1.0) = 0.45
aux = ax  K  h = 15.2 mm
Additional moment (Major axis);
Maddx = N  aux = 7.5 kNm
auy = ay  K  b = 7.6 mm
Additional moment (Minor axis); Maddy = N  auy = 3.7 kNm
(cl [Link]) Minimum design moments
Min design moment (Major axis);
Mxmin = min(0.05  h, 20 mm)  N = 7.4 kNm
Min design moment (Minor axis);
Mymin = min(0.05  b, 20 mm)  N = 3.7 kNm
Design moments
Design moment (Major axis);
Mxdes = max ( Maddx, Mxmin) = 7.5 kNm
Design moment (Minor axis);
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REF:BS8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Part 1-1997
Mydes = max ( Maddy, Mymin) = 3.7 kNm
(Cl 3.12.7) Simplified method for dealing with bi-axial bending:-
h' = 247 mm; b' = 97 mm
Approx uniaxial design moment (Cl [Link])
 = 1 - 1.165  min(0.6, N/(bhfcu)) = 0.30
Design moment;
Mdesign = if(Mxdes/h' < Mydes/b' , Mydes +   b'/h'  Mxdes , Mxdes +   h'/b'  Mydes ) = 4.6
kNm
Set up section dimensions for design:-
Section depth;
D = if(Mxdes/h' < Mydes/b' , b, h) = 150.0 mm
Provide
R8mm
Depth to "tension" steel; @150mm
d = if(Mxdes/h' < Mydes/b' , b', h') = 97.0 mm
C/C links
Section width;
B = if(Mxdes/h' < Mydes/b' , h, b) = 300.0 mm
Library item - Calcs – slender col N+nom(maj+min

Check of design forces - symmetrically reinforced section

NOTE
Note:- the section dimensions used in the following calculation are:-
Section width (parallel to axis of bending); B = 300 mm
Section depth perpendicular to axis of bending); D = 150 mm
Depth to "tension" steel (symmetrical); d = 97 mm
No steel yields (0.9x <= D)
Determine correct moment of resistance
NR =ceiling(if(xcalc<D/0.9, NR1 , NR2 ),0.001kN) = 492.0 kN
MR = ceiling(if(xcalc<D/0.9, MR1 , MR2 ) ,0.001kNm) = 8.8 kNm
Applied axial load; N = 492.0 kN
Check for moment; Mdesign = 4.6 kNm
Moment check satisfied
Check min and max areas of steel
Total area of concrete; Aconc = b  h = 45000 mm2
Area of steel (symmetrical); Ascol = 1257 mm2
Minimum percentage of compression reinforcement; kc = 0.40 %
Minimum steel area; Asc_min = kc  Aconc = 180 mm2
Maximum steel area; Area of
As_max = 6 %  Aconc = 2700 mm2
compression
Area of compression steel provided OK
steel provided
Major axis Shear Resistance of Concrete Columns - (cl [Link]) OK
Column width; b = 150 mm
Column size
Column depth; h = 300 mm 150mm
Effective depth to steel; h' = 247 mm x300mm
Area of concrete; Aconc = b  h = 45000 mm2
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REF:BS8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Part 1-1997

Design ultimate shear force (major axis); Vx = 150 kN

Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 15 N/mm2
Is a check required? ([Link])
Axial load; N = 492.0 kN
Major axis moment; Mx = 4.6 kNm
Eccentricity; e = Mx / N = 9.4 mm
Limit to eccentricity; elimit = 0.6  h = 180.0 mm
Actual shear stress; vx = Vx / (b  h') = 4.0 N/mm2
Allowable stress;
vallowable = min ((0.8 N1/2/mm)  (fcu ), 5 N/mm2 ) = 3.098 N/mm2 Column
FAIL - shear stress FAIL under
Define Containment Links Provided shear
Link spacing; sv = 150 mm; Link diameter;
Ldia = 8 mm; No of links in each group; Ln = 1
Minimum Containment Steel (Cl 3.12.7)
Shear steel
Link spacing; sv = 150 mm
Link diameter; Ldia = 8 mm
Column steel
Diameter; Dcol = 20 mm
Min diameter;
Llimit = max( (6 mm), Dcol/4) = 6.0 mm
Link diameter OK
Max spacing; slimit = 12  Dcol = 240.0 mm
Link spacing OK
Check of nominal cover - (BS8110:Pt 1, Table 3.4)
Column depth (larger column dimension); h = 300 mm
Depth to "tension" steel from compression face; h' = 247 mm
Diameter of vertical column reinforcement; Dcol = 20 mm
Diameter of links; Ldia = 8 mm
Cover to tension reinforcement; cten = h - h' - Dcol / 2 = 43.0 mm
Nominal cover to links steel; cnom = cten - Ldia = 25.0 mm
Permissible min nom cover to all reinf (Table 3.4); c min = 25 mm
Cover OK
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PAD FOOTING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

REF:BS8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Part 1-1997

Data:
Safe bearing capacity of the soil Qs = 200KMpa
Characteristic material strengths, fcu = 15N/mm²
Steel grade, fy = 460N/mm²
Concrete cover, C = 50mm
Shear reinforcement, fyv = 250N/mm²
Column dimensions = 150 x 300mm
Use Ø of steel for = 12mm
Overall thickness of the footing, h = 350mm

Analysis;
Serviceability (Design) load Ns = 1.0Gk + 1.0Qk + Wb
Allow for the weight of footing Wb to be 10% of serviceability load

Assume a square footing with side of L m

Lm

Lm
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REF:BS8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Part 1-1997

Dead load Gk from the column C1:

Maxpan beam 29
30.5KN/m x 3.8m x 2 = 232KN
Self-Weight of the column (all floors)
0.15x0.3x24x(3.0 )x3 = 10KN
Total Dead axial load, Gk from column C1 = 242KN

Imposed load Qk from the column C1:

Max-span beam 29
= 11.4KN/mx 3.8m x2 = 87KN
Total imposed axial load, Qk from column C3 = 87KN

PAD FOOTING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (BS8110-1:1997)

Pad footing details

Length of pad footing; L = 1500 mm
Width of pad footing; B = 1500 mm Provide a
Area of pad footing; A = L  B = 2.250 m2 1.5M square
Depth of pad footing; h = 350 mm
Depth of soil over pad footing; hsoil = 1500 mm footing
Density of concrete; conc = 24.0 kN/m3

Column details
Column base length; lA = 150 mm
Column base width; bA = 300 mm
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REF:BS8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Part 1:1997
Soil details
Dense, moderately graded, sub-angular, fine or silty sand
Mobilisation factor; m= ;1.5;
Density of soil; soil = 20.0 kN/m3
Design shear strength; ’ = 25.0 deg
Design base friction;  = 19.3 deg
Allowable bearing pressure; Pbearing = 200 kN/m2
Axial loading on column
Dead axial load on column; PGA = 242.0 kN
Imposed axial load on column; PQA = 87.0 kN
Wind axial load on column; PWA = 0.5 kN
Total axial load on column; PA = 329.5 kN
Foundation loads
Pad footing self weight; Fswt = h  conc = 8.400 kN/m2
Soil self weight; Fsoil = hsoil  soil = 30.000 kN/m2
Total foundation load;
F = A  (FGsur + FQsur + Fswt + Fsoil) = 86.4 kN
Calculate pad base reaction
Total base reaction; T = F + PA = 415.9 kN
Calculate pad base pressures

q1 = T / A - 6  T  eTx / (L  A) - 6  T  eTy / (B  A) = 184.858 kN/m2

q2 = T / A - 6  T  eTx / (L  A) + 6  T  eTy / (B  A) = 184.858 kN/m2

q3 = T / A + 6  T  eTx / (L  A) - 6  T  eTy / (B  A) = 184.858 kN/m2

q4 = T / A + 6  T  eTx / (L  A) + 6  T  eTy / (B  A) = 184.858 kN/m2

Minimum base pressure; qmin = min(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 184.858 kN/m2
Maximum base pressure;
qmax = max(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 184.858 kN/m2
PASS - Maximum base pressure is less than allowable bearing pressure
 24 | P a g e

REF:BS8110
Part 1:1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Partial safety factors for loads

Partial safety factor for dead loads; fG = 1.20
Partial safety factor for imposed loads; fQ = 1.20
Partial safety factor for wind loads; fW = 1.20
Ultimate axial loading on column
Ultimate axial load on column;
PuA = PGA  fG + PQA  fQ + PWA  fW = 395.4 kN
Ultimate foundation loads
Ultimate foundation load;
Fu = A  [(FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil)  fG + FQsur  fQ] = 103.7 kN
Calculate ultimate pad base reaction
Ultimate base reaction; Tu = Fu + PuA = 499.1 kN
Calculate ultimate pad base pressures

q1u = Tu/A - 6TueTxu/(LA) - 6TueTyu/(BA) = 221.829 kN/m2

q2u = Tu/A - 6TueTxu/(LA) + 6Tu eTyu/(BA) = 221.829 kN/m2

q3u = Tu/A + 6TueTxu/(LA) - 6TueTyu/(BA) = 221.829 kN/m2

q4u = Tu/A + 6TueTxu/(LA) + 6TueTyu/(BA) = 221.829 kN/m2

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REF:BS8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Part 1-1997
Minimum ultimate base pressure;
qminu = min(q1u, q2u, q3u, q4u) = 221.829 kN/m2
Maximum ultimate base pressure;
qmaxu = max(q1u, q2u, q3u, q4u) = 221.829 kN/m2
Calculate rate of change of base pressure in x direction
Left hand base reaction; fuL = (q1u + q2u)  B / 2 = 332.744 kN/m
Right hand base reaction; fuR = (q3u + q4u)  B / 2 = 332.744 kN/m
Length of base reaction; Lx = L = 1500 mm
Calculate pad lengths in x direction
Left hand length; LL = L / 2 + ePxA = 750 mm
Right hand length; LR = L / 2 - ePxA = 750 mm
Calculate ultimate moments in x direction
Ultimate moment in x direction;
Mx = fuL  LL2 / 2 + Cx  LL3 / 6 - Fu  LL2 / (2  L) = 74.144 kNm
Calculate rate of change of base pressure in y direction
Top edge base reaction; fuT = (q2u + q4u)  L / 2 = 332.744 kN/m
Bottom edge base reaction; fuB = (q1u + q3u)  L / 2 = 332.744 kN/m
Length of base reaction; Ly = B = 1500 mm
Rate of change of base pressure; Cy = (fuB - fuT) / Ly = 0.000 kN/m/m
Calculate pad lengths in y direction
Top length; LT = B / 2 - ePyA = 750 mm
Bottom length; LB = B / 2 + ePyA = 750 mm
Calculate ultimate moments in y direction
Ultimate moment in y direction;
My = fuT  LT2 / 2 + Cy  LT3 / 6 - Fu  LT2 / (2  B) = 74.144 kNm
Material details
Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 25 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 460 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of shear reinforcement; fyv = 250 N/mm2
Nominal cover to reinforcement; cnom = 50 mm
Moment design in x direction
Diameter of tension reinforcement; xB = 12 mm
Depth of tension reinforcement; dx = h - cnom - xB / 2 = 294 mm
Design formula for rectangular beams (cl [Link])
Kx = Mx / (B  dx2  fcu) = 0.023
Kx’ = 0.156
Kx < Kx' compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm;
zx = dx  min([0.5 + (0.25 - Kx / 0.9)], 0.95) = 279 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As_x_req = Mx / (0.87  fy  zx) = 610 mm2
Minimum area of tension reinforcement; As_x_min = 0.0013  B  h = 683 mm2
 26 | P a g e

REF:BS8110
Part 1:1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Tension reinforcement provided; Provide T12
11 No. 12 dia. bars bottom (150 centres)
@150mmC/C
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As_xB_prov = NxB    xB2 / 4 = 1244 mm2
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required
Moment design in y direction
Diameter of tension reinforcement; yB = 12 mm
Depth of tension reinforcement; dy = h - cnom - xB - yB / 2 = 282 mm
(cl [Link]) Design formula for rectangular beams (cl [Link])
Ky = My / (L  dy2  fcu) = 0.025
Ky’ = 0.156 Compression
steel not
Ky < Ky' compression reinforcement is not required
required
Lever arm;
zy = dy  min([0.5 + (0.25 - Ky / 0.9)], 0.95) = 268 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As_y_req = My / (0.87  fy  zy) = 636 mm2
Minimum area of tension reinforcement; As_y_min = 0.0013  L  h = 683 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided;
11 No. 12 dia. bars bottom (150 centres) Provide T12
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As_yB_prov = NyB    yB2 / 4 = 1244 mm2 @150mmC/C
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required
Calculate ultimate shear force at d from right face of column
Ultimate pressure for shear;
qsu = (q1u + Cx  (L / 2 + ePxA + lA / 2 + dx) / B + q4u) / 2
qsu = 221.829 kN/m2
Area loaded for shear;
As = B  min(3  (L / 2 - eTx), L / 2 - ePxA - lA / 2 - dx) = 0.572 m2
Ultimate shear force; Vsu = As  (qsu - Fu / A) = 100.441 kN

(cl [Link]) Shear stresses at d from right face of column (cl [Link])
Design shear stress; vsu = Vsu / (B  dx) = 0.228 N/mm2

From BS 8110:Part 1:1997 - Table 3.8

Design concrete shear stress;
vc = 0.79 N/mm2  min(3, [100  As_xB_prov / (B  dx)]1/3)  max((400 mm / dx)1/4, 0.67)  (min(fcu
/ 1 N/mm2, 40) / 25)1/3 / 1.25 = 0.448 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress;
vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2  (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - vsu < vc - No shear reinforcement required
Calculate ultimate punching shear force at face of column
Ultimate pressure for punching shear;
qpuA = q1u+[(L/2+ePxA-lA/2)+(lA)/2]Cx/B-[(B/2+ePyA-bA/2)+(bA)/2]Cy/L = 221.829 kN/m2
Average effective depth of reinforcement; d = (dx + dy) / 2 = 288 mm
Area loaded for punching shear at column; ApA = (lA)(bA) = 0.045 m2
Length of punching shear perimeter; upA = 2(lA)+2(bA) = 900 mm
Ultimate shear force at shear perimeter;
 27 | P a g e

REF:BS8110
Part 1:1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

VpuA = PuA + (Fu / A - qpuA)  ApA = 387.527 kN

Effective shear force at shear perimeter; VpuAeff = VpuA = 387.527 kN
Punching shear stresses at face of column (cl [Link])
Design shear stress; vpuA = VpuAeff / (upA  d) = 1.495 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress;
vmax = min(0.8N/mm2  (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than allowable design shear stress
Calculate ultimate punching shear force at perimeter of 1.5 d from face of column
Ultimate pressure for punching shear;
qpuA1.5d = q1u+[(L/2+ePxA-lA/2-1.5d)+(lA+21.5d)/2]Cx/B-[B/2]Cy/L = 221.829 kN/m2
Average effective depth of reinforcement; d = (dx + dy) / 2 = 288 mm
Area loaded for punching shear at column; ApA1.5d = (lA+21.5d)B = 1.521 m2
Length of punching shear perimeter; upA1.5d = 2B = 3000 mm
Ultimate shear force at shear perimeter;
VpuA1.5d = PuA + (Fu / A - qpuA1.5d)  ApA1.5d = 128.121 kN
Effective shear force at shear perimeter; VpuA1.5deff = VpuA1.5d  1.25 = 160.152 kN

(cl [Link]) Punching shear stresses at perimeter of 1.5 d from face of column (cl [Link])
Design shear stress;
vpuA1.5d = VpuA1.5deff / (upA1.5d  d) = 0.185 N/mm2
From BS 8110:Part 1:1997 - Table 3.8
Design concrete shear stress;
vc = 0.79 N/mm2  min(3, [100  (As_xB_prov / (B  dx) + As_yB_prov / (L  dy)) / 2]1/3)  max((800
mm / (dx + dy))1/4, 0.67)  (min(fcu / 1 N/mm2, 40) / 25)1/3 / 1.25 = 0.453 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress;
vmax = min(0.8N/mm2  (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - vpuA1.5d < vc - No shear reinforcement required
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REF:BS8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Part 1-1997

11 No. 12 dia. bars btm (150 c/c)

11 No. 12 dia. bars btm (150 c/c)

Shear at d from column face

Punching shear perimeter at 1.5 × d from column face

350

1500
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PAD FOOTING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

REF:BS8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Part 1-1997

Data and assumptions:

Safe bearing capacity of the soil Qs = 210KMpa
Characteristic material strengths, fcu = 25N/mm²
Steel grade, fy = 460N/mm²
Concrete cover, C = 50mm
Shear reinforcement, fyv = 250N/mm²
Column dimensions = 230 x 230mm
Use Ø of steel for = 16mm
Overall thickness of the footing, h = 350mm

Analysis;
Serviceability (Design) load Ns = 1.0Gk + 1.0Qk + Wb
Allow for the weight of footing Wb to be 10% of serviceability load

Assume a square footing with side of L m

Lm

Lm
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REF:BS8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Part 1-1997

Dead load Gk from the column C3:

Max-span beam 16
27.0KN/m x 2.2m x 2 = 119KN
Self-Weight of the column (all floors)
0.23x0.23x24x(2.80 )x3 = 11KN
Total Dead axial load, Gk from column C3 = 130KN

Imposed load Qk from the column C3:

Max-span beam 16
= 4.4KN/mx 2.2m x2 = 20KN
Total imposed axial load, Qk from column C3 = 20KN

PAD FOOTING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (BS8110-1:1997)

Pad footing details

Length of pad footing; L = 3000 mm
Width of pad footing; B = 1500 mm
Area of pad footing; A = L  B = 4.500 m2
Depth of pad footing; h = 350 mm
Depth of soil over pad footing; hsoil = 1500 mm
Density of concrete; conc = 24.0 kN/m3
Column details Column A
Column B Provide a
Column base length; 1.5M x 3.0M
lA = 230 mm; lB = 230 mm
rectangular
Column base width;
bA = 230 mm; bB = 230 mm footing
Column eccentricity in x;
ePxA = 750 mm; ePxB = -750 mm
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REF:BS8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Part 1:1997
Soil details
Dense, moderately graded, sub-angular, fine or silty sand
Mobilisation factor; m= ;1.5;
Density of soil; soil = 20.0 kN/m3
Design shear strength; ’ = 25.0 deg
Design base friction;  = 19.3 deg
Allowable bearing pressure; Pbearing = 210 kN/m2
Axial loading on columns
Column A Column B
Dead axial load on column;
PGA = 130.0 kN; PGB = 253.0 kN
Total axial load on column;
PA = 150.5 kN; PB = 253.0 kN
Foundation loads
Pad footing self weight; Fswt = h  conc = 8.400 kN/m2
Soil self weight; Fsoil = hsoil  soil = 30.000 kN/m2
Total foundation load;
F = A  (FGsur + FQsur + Fswt + Fsoil) = 172.8 kN
Calculate pad base reaction
Total base reaction; T = F + PA + PB = 576.3 kN
Eccentricity of base reaction in x;
eTx = (PA  ePxA + PB  ePxB + MxA + MxB + (HxA + HxB)  h) / T = -133 mm
Eccentricity of base reaction in y;
eTy = (PA  ePyA + PB  ePyB + MyA + MyB + (HyA + HyB)  h) / T = 0 mm
Check pad base reaction eccentricity
abs(eTx) / L + abs(eTy) / B = 0.044
Base reaction acts within middle third of base
Calculate pad base pressures

q1 = T / A - 6  T  eTx / (L  A) - 6  T  eTy / (B  A) = 162.230 kN/m2

q2 = T / A - 6  T  eTx / (L  A) + 6  T  eTy / (B  A) = 162.230 kN/m2

q3 = T / A + 6  T  eTx / (L  A) - 6  T  eTy / (B  A) = 93.917 kN/m2

q4 = T / A + 6  T  eTx / (L  A) + 6  T  eTy / (B  A) = 93.917 kN/m2

Minimum base pressure; qmin = min(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 93.917 kN/m2
Maximum base pressure;
qmax = max(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 162.230 kN/m2
PASS - Maximum base pressure is less than allowable bearing pressure
 32 | P a g e

REF:BS8110
Part 1:1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Partial safety factors for loads

Partial safety factor for dead loads; fG = 1.20
Partial safety factor for imposed loads; fQ = 1.20
Partial safety factor for wind loads; fW = 1.20
Ultimate axial loading on columns
Ultimate axial load on column A;
PuA = PGA  fG + PQA  fQ + PWA  fW = 180.6 kN
Ultimate axial load on column B;
PuB = PGB  fG + PQB  fQ + PWB  fW = 303.6 kN
Ultimate foundation loads
Ultimate foundation load;
Fu = A  [(FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil)  fG + FQsur  fQ] = 207.4 kN
Calculate ultimate pad base reaction
Ultimate base reaction; Tu = Fu + PuA + PuB = 691.6 kN
Eccentricity of ultimate base reaction in x;
eTxu = (PuAePxA+PuBePxB+MxuA+MxuB+(HxuA+HxuB)h)/Tu = -133 mm
Eccentricity of ultimate base reaction in y;
eTyu = (PuAePyA+PuBePyB+MyuA+MyuB+(HyuA+HyuB)h)/Tu = 0 mm
Calculate ultimate pad base pressures

q1u = Tu/A - 6TueTxu/(LA) - 6TueTyu/(BA) = 194.676 kN/m2

q2u = Tu/A - 6TueTxu/(LA) + 6Tu eTyu/(BA) = 194.676 kN/m2

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REF:BS8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Part 1-1997
q3u = Tu/A + 6TueTxu/(LA) - 6TueTyu/(BA) = 112.700 kN/m2

q4u = Tu/A + 6TueTxu/(LA) + 6TueTyu/(BA) = 112.700 kN/m2

Minimum ultimate base pressure;
qminu = min(q1u, q2u, q3u, q4u) = 112.700 kN/m2
Maximum ultimate base pressure;
qmaxu = max(q1u, q2u, q3u, q4u) = 194.676 kN/m2
Calculate rate of change of base pressure in x direction
Left hand base reaction; fuL = (q1u + q2u)  B / 2 = 292.014 kN/m
Right hand base reaction; fuR = (q3u + q4u)  B / 2 = 169.050 kN/m
Length of base reaction; Lx = L = 3000 mm
Rate of change of base pressure; Cx = (fuR - fuL) / Lx = -40.988 kN/m/m
Calculate pad lengths in x direction
Left hand length; LL = L / 2 + min(ePxA, ePxB) = 750 mm
Middle length;
LM = max(ePxA, ePxB) - min(ePxA, ePxB) = 1500 mm
Right hand length; LR = L / 2 - max(ePxA, ePxB) = 750 mm
Calculate shear forces in x direction
Shear at left hand column;
SL = fuL  LL + Cx  LL2 / 2 - Fu  LL / L = 155.643 kN
Shear at right hand column;
SR = fuL  (LL + LM) + Cx  (LL + LM)2 / 2 - PuB - Fu  (LL + LM) / L = 94.161 kN
Calculate ultimate moments in x direction
Ultimate positive moment in x direction;
Mx = fuL  LL2 / 2 + Cx  LL3 / 6 - Fu  LL2 / (2  L) = 59.807 kNm
Position of maximum negative moment; Lz = 1596 mm
Ultimate negative moment in x direction;
Mxneg = fuL  Lz2 / 2 + Cx  Lz3 / 6 - PuB  (Lz - LL) - Fu  Lz2 / (2  L) + HxuB  h + MxuB
Mxneg = -0.738 kNm
Calculate rate of change of base pressure in y direction
Top edge base reaction; fuT = (q2u + q4u)  L / 2 = 461.064 kN/m
Bottom edge base reaction; fuB = (q1u + q3u)  L / 2 = 461.064 kN/m
Length of base reaction; Ly = B = 1500 mm
Rate of change of base pressure; Cy = (fuB - fuT) / Ly = 0.000 kN/m/m
Calculate pad lengths in y direction
Top length; LT = B / 2 - ePyA = 750 mm
Bottom length; LB = B / 2 + ePyA = 750 mm
Calculate ultimate moments in y direction
Ultimate moment in y direction;
My = fuT  LT2 / 2 + Cy  LT3 / 6 - Fu  LT2 / (2  B) = 90.794 kNm

Material details
Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 25 N/mm2
 34 | P a g e

REF:BS8110
Part 1:1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 460 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of shear reinforcement; fyv = 250 N/mm2
Nominal cover to reinforcement; cnom = 50 mm
Moment design in x direction
Diameter of tension reinforcement; xB = 12 mm
Depth of tension reinforcement; dx = h - cnom - xB / 2 = 294 mm
Design formula for rectangular beams (cl [Link])
(cl [Link]) Kx = Mx / (B  dx2  fcu) = 0.018
Kx’ = 0.156
Kx < Kx' compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm;
zx = dx  min([0.5 + (0.25 - Kx / 0.9)], 0.95) = 279 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As_x_req = Mx / (0.87  fy  zx) = 492 mm2
Minimum area of tension reinforcement; As_x_min = 0.0013  B  h = 683 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 9 No. 12 dia. bars bottom (175 centres) Provide T12
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As_xB_prov = NxB    xB2 / 4 = 1018 mm2
@175mmC/C
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required
Negative moment design in x direction
Diameter of tension reinforcement; xT = 12 mm
Depth of tension reinforcement; dx = h - cnom - xT / 2 = 294 mm
(cl [Link]) Design formula for rectangular beams (cl [Link])
Kx = -Mxneg / (B  dx2  fcu) = 0.000
Kx’ = 0.156 Compression
Kx < Kx' compression reinforcement is not required steel not
required
Lever arm;
zx = dx  min([0.5 + (0.25 - Kx / 0.9)], 0.95) = 279 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As_x_req = -Mxneg / (0.87  fy  zx) = 6 mm2
Minimum area of tension reinforcement; As_x_min = 0.0013  B  h = 683 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 9 No. 12 dia. bars top (175 centres) Provide T12
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As_xT_prov = NxT    xT2 / 4 = 1018 mm2
@175mmC/C
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required
Moment design in y direction
Diameter of tension reinforcement; yB = 12 mm
Depth of tension reinforcement; dy = h - cnom - xB - yB / 2 = 282 mm
(cl [Link]) Design formula for rectangular beams (cl [Link])
Ky = My / (L  dy2  fcu) = 0.015
Ky’ = 0.156
Ky < Ky' compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm;
zy = dy  min([0.5 + (0.25 - Ky / 0.9)], 0.95) = 268 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As_y_req = My / (0.87  fy  zy) = 779 mm2
Minimum area of tension reinforcement; As_y_min = 0.0013  L  h = 1365 mm2
 35 | P a g e

REF:BS8110
Part 1:1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Tension reinforcement provided;
17 No. 12 dia. bars bottom (175 centres)
Provide T12
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As_yB_prov = NyB    yB2 / 4 = 1923 mm2
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required @175mmC/C
Calculate ultimate shear force at d from left face of column B
Ultimate pressure for shear;
qsu = (q2u + Cx  (L / 2 + ePxB - lB / 2 - dx) / B + q1u) / 2
qsu = 190.017 kN/m2
Area loaded for shear;
As = B  min((L / 2 + ePxB - lB / 2 - dx), 3  (L / 2 + eTx)) = 0.511 m2
Ultimate shear force; Vsu = As  (qsu - Fu / A) = 73.624 kN
(cl [Link])
Shear stresses at d from left face of column B (cl [Link])
Design shear stress; vsu = Vsu / (B  dx) = 0.167 N/mm2
From BS 8110:Part 1:1997 - Table 3.8
Design concrete shear stress;
vc = 0.79 N/mm2  min(3, [100  As_xB_prov / (B  dx)]1/3)  max((400 mm / dx)1/4, 0.67)  (min(fcu
/ 1 N/mm2, 40) / 25)1/3 / 1.25 = 0.419 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress;
vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2  (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - vsu < vc - No shear reinforcement required
Calculate ultimate punching shear force at face of column A
(cl [Link]) Ultimate pressure for punching shear;
qpuA = q1u+[(L/2+ePxA-lA/2)+(lA)/2]Cx/B-[(B/2+ePyA-bA/2)+(bA)/2]Cy/L = 133.194 kN/m2
Average effective depth of reinforcement; d = (dx + dy) / 2 = 288 mm
Area loaded for punching shear at column; ApA = (lA)(bA) = 0.053 m2
Length of punching shear perimeter; upA = 2(lA)+2(bA) = 920 mm
Ultimate shear force at shear perimeter;
VpuA = PuA + (Fu / A - qpuA)  ApA = 176.028 kN
Effective shear force at shear perimeter; VpuAeff = VpuA = 176.028 kN
Punching shear stresses at face of column A (cl [Link])
(cl [Link]) Design shear stress; vpuA = VpuAeff / (upA  d) = 0.664 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress;
vmax = min(0.8N/mm2  (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than allowable design shear stress
Calculate ultimate punching shear force at face of column B
Ultimate pressure for punching shear;
qpuB = q1u+[(L/2+ePxB-lB/2)+(lB)/2]Cx/B-[(B/2+ePyB-bB/2)+(bB)/2]Cy/L = 174.182 kN/m2
Average effective depth of reinforcement; d = (dx + dy) / 2 = 288 mm
Area loaded for punching shear at column; ApB = (lB)(bB) = 0.053 m2
Length of punching shear perimeter; upB = 2(lB)+2(bB) = 920 mm
Ultimate shear force at shear perimeter;
VpuB = PuB + (Fu / A - qpuB)  ApB = 296.823 kN
 36 | P a g e

REF:BS8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Part 1-1997
Effective shear force at shear perimeter; VpuBeff = VpuB = 296.823 kN
Punching shear stresses at face of column B (cl [Link])
Design shear stress; vpuB = VpuBeff / (upB  d) = 1.120 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress;
vmax = min(0.8N/mm2  (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than allowable design shear stress
Calculate ultimate punching shear force at perimeter of 1.5 d from face of column A
and B
Ultimate pressure for punching shear;
qpuC1.5d = q1u+[L/2]Cx/B-[(B/2+(LB+LC/2-B/2)-(LC+(bA+bB)/2)/2-
1.5d)+((LC+(bA+bB)/2)+21.5d)/2]Cy/L = 153.688 kN/m2
Average effective depth of reinforcement; d = (dx + dy) / 2 = 288 mm
Area loaded for punching shear at column;
ApC1.5d = L((LC+(bA+bB)/2)+21.5d) = 3.282 m2
Length of punching shear perimeter; upC1.5d = 2L = 6000 mm
Ultimate shear force at shear perimeter;
VpuC1.5d = PuA + PuB + (Fu / A - qpuC1.5d)  ApC1.5d = 131.067 kN
Effective shear force at shear perimeter; VpuC1.5deff = VpuC1.5d  1.25 = 163.833 kN

Punching shear stresses at perimeter of 1.5 d from face of column A and B (cl [Link])
Design shear stress;
vpuC1.5d = VpuC1.5deff / (upC1.5d  d) = 0.095 N/mm2
From BS 8110:Part 1:1997 - Table 3.8
Design concrete shear stress;
vc = 0.79 N/mm2  min(3, [100  (As_xB_prov / (B  dx) + As_yB_prov / (L  dy)) / 2]1/3)  max((800
mm / (dx + dy))1/4, 0.67)  (min(fcu / 1 N/mm2, 40) / 25)1/3 / 1.25 = 0.420 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8N/mm2  (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5
2 2
N/mm ) = 4.000 N/mm
PASS - vpuC1.5d < vc - No shear reinforcement required
37 | P a g e

ANALSYSIS AND DESIGN OF STAIR CASE

REF:BS 8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Part 1 - 1997
Reference Drawing

Staircase design

230

250

1400

700 9  250  2250

1515

3190mm
38 | P a g e

REF:BS 8110
Part 1 - 1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Design Data and Analysis

Height from ground to ceiling, h = 2800mm
Riser (R) = 150mm
Treads (T) = 250mm
Nosing = 20mm
Waist = 150mm
From 550 < (2R+T) < 700 for a well designed stair,
Thickness of the slab, t = 200mm
Total height, H = 2800+200 = 3000mm
Height of each flight, = 3000 = 1500mm
2

Number of risers = 1500 = 10

150

Take number of risers, n = 10

Rise = 1500/10 = 150mm
Number of treads = 10 – 1 = 9 per flight
Space occupied by treads = 250 x 9 = 2250mm
Width of landing = 1400mm
From 550 < (2R+T) < 700 , 2R+T= 2x150+250=550mm
Since 550 < 550 < 700 OK

Effective span, L = Clear distance + distance from the end of the flight to the
centre of the beam +1/2(breadth of
landing) L  2250  240 
1
1400  3190 mm
2

Imposed load, Qk = 3.0KN/m² (BS 6399-1: 1996 Table 1)

Finishes and plaster = 25mm (at top and underside of the stair and landing
respectively)
Reinforcement grade, fy = 460N/mm²
 39 | P a g e

REF:BS 8110
Part 1 - 1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Table 3.3 & 3.4 Concrete grade, fcu = 30N/mm²

Concrete cover = 25mm (mild conditions of exposure)
Main bars diameter, = 12mm
Weight of concrete = 24KN/m³
Thickness of the waist = 150mm

Loading and Moment

Landing
Overall thickness of stair case = thickness of landing slab + thickness of
finishes slab Gk = 4.2KN
= 150 + 25 + 25 = 200mm Qk = 2.344KN
Dead load, Gk = 0.200 x(1.4/2)x1.25x 24 = 4.2KN
Imposed load, Qk = 3 x (1.40 – 0.15) x(1.25/2) = 2.344KN Design load,
Design load, W = 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk W = 9.93KN
W = 1.4 x 4.2 + 1.6 x 2.344 = 9.93KN

Stair flight

1500mm
S=2910mm

2250+240 = 2490mm

Slope length, S  2.49  1.5  2.91mm

2 2
40 | P a g e

REF:BS 8110
Part 1- 1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
 1.50 
  Arc tan    31.1  38
 0

 2.49  This is OK

t = 250 + 20 = 270


Projection h  270 sin   270 sin 31.1  139 .464 mm

Average thickness of stair slab = Thickness of waist + Finishes + projection

139.464
h/2 = 150 + 25 + 25 + = 269.732mm
2
The dead load is calculated using the slope while the imposed load acts
on the plan length
Ultimate Dead load, 1.4Gk = 1.4x2.91x1.2x0.269732x24
= 31.648KN
Ultimate Imposed load, 1.6Qk = 1.6 x 2.49 x 1.25 x 3
= 14.94KN
Total load on flight = 31.648 + 14.94 = 46.588KN
Total load on
flight=
Total load on the span
46.588KN
F = load on landing + load on flight
F = 9.93 + 46.588 = 56.518KN
F = 56.518KN
 41 | P a g e

REF:BS 8110
Part1- 1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Span moments = Support moments
Fl 56.518x3.19 Moment,
M= = = 18.029KNm
10 10 M=
18.029KNm
MOMENT REINFORCEMENT
Effective depth, d = 150 – 6 – 25 = 119mm d = 119mm
Effective width B = 1200mm (width of stair slab)

M 18.029 x10 6
K= = = 0.035
bd 2 f cu 1200 x119 2 x30
K = 0.035 < K’ = 0.156, no compression steel

 K  0.035
Z = d 0.5  0.25   = d 0.5  0.25  = 0.959d
 0.9  0.9

Since Z = 0.959d > Z = 0.95d, Take Z = 0.95d

Z= 113.05mm
Z = 0.95 x 119 = 113.05mm

Area of steel

M 18.029 x10 6
As = = = 671.49mm²/ 1.2m Provide T12
0.95 f y Z 0.95 x 250 x113.05
bars @
As = 559.6mm² / m width
200mm C/C,
Provide T12 bars @ 200mm C/C, As = 565mm
As = 565mm²

Check for minimum Area of steel

Table 3.25
100 As
= 0.24
bw h
Provide T12
0.24bw h 0.24 x150 x1000
As = = = 360mm²/m width bars @
100 100
300mm C/C
Provide T12 bars @ 300mm C/C (As = 377mm²) For distribution bars
As = 377mm²
 42 | P a g e

REF:BS 810
Part 1- 1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

CHECK SHEARRESISTANCE
F 56.518
Maximum Shear force at supports, V = = = 28.259KN
2 2 V= 28.259KN
V 28.259 x10 3
Applied shear stress, v = = = 0.237N/mm²
bd 1000 x119

0.8 f cu  0.8 30  4.38 N / mm 2

Since v  0.237  0.8 f cu  4.38 N / mm 2 then the slab dimensions are

OK

Design shear stress, vc

Table 3.8 1 1 1
 100 Asprov  3  400  4  f cu  3 1
vc = 0.79      
 bW d   d   25  1.25
100 Asprov 100 x565
= = 0.475 < 3.0 It is ok
bv d 1000 x119

= 1.354 > 1.0 It is ok

f cu 30
= = 1.2
25 25
1 1 1
vc = 0.79 0.475 3 x1.354 x1.2  3 = 0.71 N/mm2
1.25
Since vc = 0.71N/mm² > v = 0.237N/mm², no shear reinforcement is
required

DEFLECTION CHECK
Table 3.9 The slab is checked for deflection across the shorter span
3190
Actual span / effective depth ratio = = 26.807
119
Basic span / effective depth ratio = 20 ( simply supported sections)
 43 | P a g e

REF:BS 8110
Part 1- 1997 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Table 3.10 Modification factor for steel

(477  f s )
Modification factor, MF = 0.55   2 .0
 M 
120 0.9  2 
 bd 
2 f y xAs  req. 2 x 250 x559.6
fs  = = 165.074N/mm²
3 xAs  Pr ov. 3x565

M 18.029 x10 6
= = 1.061
bd 2 1200 x119 2
(477  165.074)
MF = 0.55  = 1.86
1200.9  1.061
Since MF =1.93 < 2.0 , Take MF = 1.86
span span
Allowable  Basic  MF
d d

span
Allowable  20  1.86  37.2
d

span
Actual  26.807
d
span span
Since, Actual  Allowable
d d
The deflections are allowable.
The
Percentage of stair flight
deflections
2490 are allowable
x100 = 78% > 60% ….……..………………… ok
3190

Check for cracking:

Spacing provided < 3d or 750mm whichever is lesser.

3d  3  119  357mm
No cracking
Since maximum spacing provided  300mm No cracking will occur.
will occur
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