HTML stand for Hyper Text Markup language.
It can therefore be divided into two, Hypertext
and markup language. Hypertext is nothing but that part which refers to the fact that HTML
allows users to create links that allow visitors to move from one page to another quickly and
easily. A markup language, on the other hand, allows users to annote text, and these annotations
provide additional meaning to the contexts of a document (Silberchatz,2023). In other words, a
markup is what we refer to as tags because it allows the browser to move plain texts across
different devices. So, html can therefore be understood as links that move on the web in form of
plain texts on different devices. The HTML code is made up of characters that live inside angled
brackets, these are called HTML elements. Elements are usually made up of two tags: an opening
tag and a closing tag. (The closing tag has an extra forward slash in it.) Tags act like containers,
they tell a user something about the information that lies between their opening and closing tags
(Silberchatz,2023). The opening tag denotes the start of a piece of content; the closing tag on the
other hand, denotes the end. Each HTML element tells the browser something about the
information that sits between its opening and closing tags. The following code is the syntax of
HTML followed by its example.
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
</html>
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>A true life story<h1>
<h2>This is my story</h1>
<!........this is a story of a student at Rockview University……...>
<p>In 2022, I enrolled as a student at Rockview University to pursue Bachelors of science in
Computer Science. Everything was going smoothly from the word go……. </p>
<body>
</html>
CSS on the other hand, stands for Cascading Style Sheet. It styles the html document. Unlike
HTML, CSS is that style sheet that beautifies and make the web page look attractive. It works
with coloring, width, height, every definition of styling. It is that language that works behind the
scene of the user. CSS works by associating rules with HTML element (Chsrled,2024). These
rules govern how the content of specified element should be displayed. A CSS rule contain two
parts; a selector and a declaration. Selectors indicate which element the rule apply to. The same
rule can apply to more than one element separated by commas. Declaration indicates how the
element referred to in the selector should be styled. They sit between curly brackets. Declarations
are split into two parts; a property and a value and they are separated by a colon. Properties
indicate the aspects of the elements, for example color, font, border, width and height. Values
specify the settings to use for the chosen properties (Babbage,2022). The following is the syntax
of CSS showing Selectors and declaration followed by its example.
P {font family: arial; color: yellow;}- This rule indicates that all elements <p> should be shown
in the arial type face in a yellow color.
Example
<style type= “text/CSS”>
/*this <style> element use the type attribute to indicate that the styles are specified in CSS. The
value should be text/css*/
body {
font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;
background-color: rgb;}
/*this sets body to three different font type and font color*/
h1 {
color: darkcyan;}
/*this adds dark cyan color to h1*/
h2 {
color: red;}
/*this adds red color to h2*/
p{
color: black;}
</style>
Thus, CSS treats each HTML element as if it appears inside its own box and uses rules to
indicate how that element should look. In other words, CSS treats each HTML element as if it
has its own box. This means CSS controls how HTML should appear on the web. CSS rules
usually appear in a separate document, although they may appear within an HTML page
(Babbage,2022). While HTML can display content on its own, it is CSS that makes the page
visually appealing and user-friendly. Essentially, HTML forms the skeleton of a web page, and
CSS acts as the skin and clothing, enhancing the design and overall user experience. The
following code indicates how CSS can work together with html in a simple web page
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>[Link]</title>
<style type= “text/CSS”>
/*this is how CSS work together with HTML*/
body {
font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;
background-color: rgb;}
h1 {
color: darkcyan;}
/*this adds dark cyan color to h1*/
h2 {
color: red;}
/*this adds red color to h2*/
p{
color: black;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>A true life story<h1>
<h2>This is my story</h1>
<p>In 2022, I enrolled as a student at Rockview University to pursue Bachelors of science in
Computer Science. Everything was going smoothly from the word go……. </p>
<body>
</html>
PHP, on the other hand, is a recursive Hypertext Preprocessor which is widely-used open-source
programming language. PHP can be used to add content to HTML files. While HTML is
processed directly by a web browser, PHP scripts are executed by a web server and the resulting
HTML is sent to the browser.
REFERENCES
Babbage (2022) “HTML and CSS, design and build websites (7th Ed)”, Oxford University
Chsrled (2024). “Systems analysis and design (4th ed)”, press.
Silberchatz (2023). “Learning PHP and HTML (10th ed)”, press
Thomas (2020) “Web development, a practical approach to design, implementation, and
management”, north western University.