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Hoisting in JavaScript

Hoisting in JavaScript refers to the process where variable and function declarations are moved to the top of their scope. Variables declared with 'var' are hoisted and initialized as undefined, while 'let' and 'const' are hoisted but not initialized, leading to a Temporal Dead Zone. Best practices include declaring variables at the top of their scope and using 'let' and 'const' to avoid confusion.

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2 views8 pages

Hoisting in JavaScript

Hoisting in JavaScript refers to the process where variable and function declarations are moved to the top of their scope. Variables declared with 'var' are hoisted and initialized as undefined, while 'let' and 'const' are hoisted but not initialized, leading to a Temporal Dead Zone. Best practices include declaring variables at the top of their scope and using 'let' and 'const' to avoid confusion.

Uploaded by

bbekkaliraj
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Aamina Khalid

Web Developer

HOISTING
IN JAVASCRIPT
Variables and Functions - What
Happens Behind the Scenes?
Aamina Khalid Web Developer

WHAT IS HOISTING?
Hoisting in JavaScript is the process
through which variable, function
declarations and classes are moved
to the top of their scope, regardless
of where they're actually defined

Variables declared with var are hoisted


but initialized as undefined.
Aamina Khalid Web Developer

VARIABLE HOISTING

Output = undefined

Cannot access 'b'


before initialization

Cannot access 'c'


before initialization

var is hoisted and initialized as undefined


let and const are hoisted but not initialized.
Aamina Khalid Web Developer

TEMPORAL DEAD ZONE

Variables declared with let and const have


a Temporal Dead Zone (TDZ) from the start
of their scope until they’re initialized.

Accessing a let or const variable before its


declaration results in a ReferenceError.
Aamina Khalid Web Developer

FUNCTION HOISTING
Functions declared with the function
keyword are fully hoisted, meaning you
can call them even before they’re
defined in the code.

Function declarations are hoisted with


their definitions.
Aamina Khalid Web Developer

CLASS HOISTING
Classes are also hoisted, but like let and
const, they are not initialized.

Accessing a class before its declaration


throws a ReferenceError
Aamina Khalid Web Developer

BEST PRACTICES

Always declare variables at the top


of their scope.
Use let and const instead of var to
avoid confusion.
Declare functions and classes before
calling or using them.

BONUS POINT

Enable strict mode ('use strict';) to catch


potential errors.

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