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Java Backend Developer

The document outlines interview questions for a Java Backend Developer position at Optum, covering key topics such as Core Java, Spring & Spring Boot, JPA/Hibernate, Microservices, Cloud & DevOps, SQL/Database knowledge, and DSA & Coding. Each section includes specific questions aimed at assessing the candidate's technical knowledge and problem-solving skills relevant to the role. The questions range from basic concepts to advanced implementations, reflecting the skills required for a developer with over three years of experience.

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2 views3 pages

Java Backend Developer

The document outlines interview questions for a Java Backend Developer position at Optum, covering key topics such as Core Java, Spring & Spring Boot, JPA/Hibernate, Microservices, Cloud & DevOps, SQL/Database knowledge, and DSA & Coding. Each section includes specific questions aimed at assessing the candidate's technical knowledge and problem-solving skills relevant to the role. The questions range from basic concepts to advanced implementations, reflecting the skills required for a developer with over three years of experience.

Uploaded by

mehdii.benghazi
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Java Backend Developer (3+ Yrs) :: Interview Questions Asked @ Optum 🚀

♦️Core Java (OOPs, Collections, Concurrency Basics)

1️⃣ Explain difference between HashMap, LinkedHashMap and TreeMap.

2️⃣ How do you handle thread safety in Java Collections?


([Link] vs Concurrent Collections)

3️⃣ Explain immutability in Java and how to create immutable classes.

4️⃣ How do you implement Producer–Consumer in Java?

5️⃣ Explain difference between ExecutorService, ForkJoinPool and


CompletableFuture.

♦️Spring & Spring Boot

6️⃣ Difference between @Controller, @RestController and


@ControllerAdvice.

7️⃣ How do you implement global exception handling in Spring Boot?

8️⃣ How do you configure multiple data sources in a Spring Boot


application?

9️⃣ How to secure REST APIs using JWT or OAuth2 in Spring Boot?

🔟 How do you implement caching in Spring Boot (Redis / Caffeine)?

♦️JPA / Hibernate

1️⃣1️⃣ Difference between save(), persist(), and merge().

1️⃣2️⃣ Explain lazy loading vs eager loading — how to avoid


LazyInitializationException.

1️⃣3️⃣ How do you implement batch inserts/updates in Hibernate for large


datasets?

1️⃣4️⃣ Explain @OneToOne, @OneToMany, and @ManyToMany mappings


with examples.
1️⃣5️⃣ What are entity states (transient, persistent, detached, removed) in
Hibernate?

♦️Microservices & Architecture

1️⃣6️⃣ Difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication


between services.

1️⃣7️⃣ How do you implement service discovery and configuration


management?

1️⃣8️⃣ Explain the use of message brokers (Kafka/RabbitMQ) in


microservices.

1️⃣9️⃣ How do you design a fault-tolerant API Gateway?

2️⃣0️⃣ Explain circuit breaker and retry patterns in microservices.

♦️Cloud & DevOps Basics (Optum Focus)

2️⃣1️⃣ How do you deploy Spring Boot microservices to cloud platforms


(AWS/Azure)?

2️⃣2️⃣ Explain CI/CD pipeline steps in your project (Jenkins/GitLab CI).

2️⃣3️⃣ How do you secure secrets and environment variables in cloud?

2️⃣4️⃣ Explain vertical vs horizontal scaling with real examples.

2️⃣5️⃣ How do you monitor and trace microservices in production (ELK,


Prometheus, Zipkin)?

♦️SQL / Database Knowledge

2️⃣6️⃣ Write a SQL query to fetch the 3rd highest salary from Employee
table.
2️⃣7️⃣ Difference between INNER JOIN and LEFT JOIN; give a real use case.

2️⃣8️⃣ How do you implement data partitioning/sharding for large tables?

2️⃣9️⃣ Explain database indexing and its impact on performance.

3️⃣0️⃣ How do you handle transactions and isolation levels in healthcare


systems?

♦️DSA & Coding (Optum Special Focus)

3️⃣1️⃣ Implement a Java program to group patients by insurance plan and


count them.

3️⃣2️⃣ Write a Java program to find duplicate records in a large data stream.

3️⃣3️⃣ Implement a REST endpoint to fetch the last 10 activities of a user.

3️⃣4️⃣ Design a system to send healthcare alerts to millions of users in real


time.

3️⃣5️⃣ Implement a thread-safe cache with expiration policy in Java.

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