Geometry

LINES AND ANGLES Transverse line Concept:

Point: Figure has no length, breath and height. Interior angles:3, 4, 5, 6
Line: Figure has no starting and end point Exterior angles: 1, 2, 7, 8
3+6=1800
Line segment: Figure has both starting and end 4+5=1800
point
Pairs of Vertically opposite angles:
1=4, 2=3, 6=7, 5=8.
Pairs of corresponding angles:
Ray: Figure has only starting point and no end
point. 1=5, 2=6, 4=7, 3=8.
Pairs of alternate interior angles:

ANGLES: 3=5, 4=6

Complementary Angles: Pairs of alternate exterior angles:

1=8, 2=7
Pairs of interior angles on the same side of the
transversal
3 and 6, 4 and 5
Problems:
Lines and Angles
1. In the given figure AB || CD, ∠𝐴𝐿𝐶 = 60°
and EC is the bisector of ∠𝐿𝐶𝐷. If EF || AB
a+b = 900 then the value of ∠𝐶𝐸𝐹 is
Supplementary Angles:

(a) 120 b) 140 c) 150 d) 110

2. In the given lines AP and OQ intersect at G.

If ∠𝐴𝐺𝑂 + ∠𝑃𝐺𝐹 = 70° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑃𝐺𝑄 = 40°.
Find the angle value of ∠𝑃𝐺𝐹.

a+ b = 1800

(a) 35 (b) 30 (c) 31 (d) 20

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 1
3. Find the value of 𝜃 in the figure below. 7. In the given figure AB∥CD, ∠ABE = 100°,
∠MED = 25°. Find ∠CDE :

(a) 30 (b) 45 (c) 60 (d) 15

(a) 125° (b) 55° (c) 65° (d) 75°

4. Find the value of 𝜃 in the figure below.

8. Line x || y, A ||B, then find P, Q, R, S

(a) 10 (b) 25 (c) 30 (d) 45

(a) P = 50; Q = 130, R = 60, S = 120

5. Find the value of 𝜃 in the figure below. (b) P = 130, Q = 50, R = 130, S = 130
(c) P = 50, Q = 130, R = 50, S = 130
(d) None of these

9. In the given figure AB || CD, ∠A = 128°, ∠E

= 144°. Then, ∠FCD is equal to

(a) 30 (b) 60 (c) 90 (d) 15

6. In the given figure XY and MN intersect at

O. If POY = 90° and a: b = 2 : 3, then find c: (a) 72 (b) 64 (c) 136 (d) 92
10. In the adjoining figure, ∠ABC = 100°,
∠EDC = 120° and AB || DE. Then, ∠BCD is
equal to :

(a) 113° (b) 54° (c) 126° (d) 48°

(a) 80 (b) 60 (c) 40 (d) 20

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 2
11. In the given figure, AB || CD, m∠ABF = 45° 15. In the figure given below, ABC is a
and m∠CFC = 110°. Then, m∠FDC is : triangle. BC is parallel to AE. If BC = AC,
then what is the value of ∠CAE?

(a) 25 (b) 45 (c) 35 (d) 30

(a) 20 (b) 30 (c) 40 (d) 50

12. If two supplementary angles differ by 44°,

then one of the angle is : TRIANGLE:
(a) 72 (b) 102 (c) 65 (d) 68

13. In the figure given above LOM is a

straight line. What is the value of x°?

Property:
(a) Sum of two sides should be greater than side
(a) 45 (b) 60 (c) 70 (d) 80
(i) a + b > c (ii) b + c > a (iii) c + a > b

14. In the figure given above, EC is parallel (b) Sum of angles in a triangle is 180°.
to AB, ∠ECD = 70° and ∠BDO = i.e. 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = 180°
20°. What is the value of ∠OBD?
(c) Difference of two sides should be smaller
than third side.
|𝑏 − 𝑐| < a
|𝑐 − 𝑎| < b
|𝑎 − 𝑏| < c
𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 are called Interior angles of a triangle

(a) 20 (b) 30 (c) 40 (d) 50

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 3

x, y, z are called Exterior angle of respective where S → Semi Perimetre
sides
a, b, c → sides of a triangle
we know that,
(b) General Formula:
𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = 180° (1) 1
Area of triangle = 2 x base x height
Sum of Exterior Angles (c) If two sides of a triangle and triangle
formed between the sides are given, then
(i.e) x+y+z
= (180 – 𝛼) + (180 – 𝛽) + (180 – 𝛾)
= 540 – (𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾)
= 540 – 180 = 360°
Sum of Exterior Angle = 360°

1
Area of triangle = 2 x p x q x sin 𝛼

 Sine Rule:

In Δ ABC,
WKT, 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = 180°,
𝛼 + 𝛽 = 180 – 𝛾
180 – 𝛾 is Exterior angle of side C.
Here, we can understand Exterior angle of a
triangle is equal to sum of two opposite interior then,
angles. sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 sin 𝛾
= = (or)
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
 Perimetre of a triangle:
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= sin 𝐵 = sin 𝐶
sin 𝐴
(a) Perimetre = a + b + c
 Cosine Rule:
(Sum of three sides)

𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
(b) Semi Perimetre = 2

 Area of a triangle:

(a) Hero’s formula:

Δ = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)
Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 4
 𝑏 2 +𝑐 2 −𝑎2
(i) cos 𝛼 = 2𝑏𝑐
𝑐 2 +𝑎2 −𝑏2
(ii) cos 𝛽 = 2𝑐𝑎
𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑐 2
(iii) cos 𝛾 = 2𝑎𝑏

 Interior Angle Bisectors theorem

Here in Δ ABC, AD, BE and CF are median.

2. In a Δle, there will be three median.
3. The median divides the opposite into equal
parts.

 CENTROID:

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
If AD is angle bisector of ∟A, then 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐶𝐷

 Exterior Angle Bisector theorem:

The point at which three medians intersect

each other is called Centroid.
Important facts about Centroid:
1. The point G divides all the median in the
ratio of 2 : 1.
AD – Angle Bisector (Exterior)
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷 ⇒ AG : GD = BG : GE = CG : GF =
= 𝐶𝐷
𝐴𝐶 ⇒2:1
Median: 2. Relationship between sum of sides and
sum of median:
1. A median is a line segment drawn from ⇒ 3(AB+BC+CA) < 4(AD+BE+CF)
vertex of a triangle to mid point of the
opposite side  Length of Median:
1
AD = 2 √2𝑏 2 + 2𝑐 2 − 𝑎2
1
BE = 2 √2𝑎2 + 2𝑐 2 − 𝑏 2
1
CF = 2 √2𝑏 2 + 2𝑎2 − 𝑐 2
 Relationship between Sum of Square of
sides and Sum of Square of Medians
Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 5
 4
AB2 + BC2 + AC2 = 3 (AD2 + BE2 + CF2)

 Let AD, BE and CF be the medians of a Δ

ABC, say A new triangle is formed using the
medians as its three sides, then
4
Area of triangle = 3 x (Area of triangle
formed by median) Area of ABD = Area of Δ ADC

 Centroid G divides the area of triangle into  Circumcentre:

three equal parts ⇒ The intersection point of perpendicular
bisector is called circumcentre

⇒
Area of Δ PQG = Area of Δ PGR
= Area of Δ QGR
 It is also proved that centroid divides the Δ
PQR into 6 equal parts based upon previous
theorem. (i.e)

O → circumcentre
R → circum raidus

All areas are equal

 The median divides the area of triangle into
two equal parts

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 6

 𝛼
In ΔABC, O is circumcentre. If ∟A = θ, the ∟BDC = 90 - 2
∟BOC = 2θ
Orthocentre:
 Circumradius: Intersection point of all altitudes
𝑎𝑥𝑏𝑥𝑐
(R) = 4. 𝛥
a, b, c → Side of triangle
Δ → Area of triangle

 Incentre:

∟BOC = 180 - ∟A
1. Distance between circumcentre and incentre
in any triangle = √𝑅 2 − 2𝑅𝑟

⇒ It is the intersection point of angle Types of Triangle:

bisector Types of triangle can be categorized based upon
⇒ r. S = Δ sides and angles.
𝛥
⇒ r=𝑆
(a) Based on sides:
where Δ → Area The triangles are three types based on sides
S → Semi perimeter of triangle (i) Scalene triangle
(ii) Isoceles triangle
(iii) Equilateral triangle

(i) Scalene triangle:

 No sides are equal
 No angle are equal

𝛼
(ii) Isoceles triangle:
∟BIC = 90 + 2 Two sides are equal
Two angles are equal
Excentre:

AB = AC
Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 7
 ∟B = ∟C
√4𝑎2 −𝑏 2 √3 2
h= Area = a
2 4
1 √4𝑎2 −𝑏2
Area = 2 x b x 2

𝑏
= 4 x √4𝑎2 − 𝑏 2

Points to remember:
In an Isoceles triangle, Height of the triangle and
Angle bisector are equal (i.e.) AD acts as height
as well as Angle bisector x is a point inside an equilateral triangle

P1, P2, P3 are perpendicular drawn from

(iii) Equilateral triangle: AB, BC, AC

Now Area of triangle

1 1 1
= 2 x a x P1 + 2 x a x P2 + 2 x a x P3

1
= 2 x a x [P1 + P2 + P3]

√3 2
AB = BC = AC = a WKT, Δ= a
4
∟A = ∟B = ∟C = 60°
√3 2 1
a = 2 x a x [P1 + P2 + P3]
4
All centres lies on same point
2
a= [P1 + P2 + P3]
√3
√3
Height = a
2 (b) Types of triangle based on angles:
(i) Acute angle triangle
Median = Altitude = perpendicular
(ii) Obtuse angle triangle
Bisector
√3
(iii) Right angle triangle
Angle bisector = a
2
(i) Acute angle triangle:
𝑎
Circum Radius = R =
√3 All angles are < 90°
𝑎
In Radius = 𝛾 = 2√3 C2 < a2 + b2 (or)
b2 < a2 + b2 (or)
R:r =2:1
a2 < b2 + c2
Area of circumcircle = Area of In acute angle triangle all centres lies inside the
Incircle triangle
=4:1
Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 8
 (ii) Obtuse angle triangle:

One angle will be > 90°

Other two angle will be acute angles
a2 > a2 + b2 (or)
b2 > a2 + c2
⇒ 4 (AD2 + CF2) = 5 AC2
2 2 2
a >b +c
Congruency of triangle:
LHS ⇒ Largest sides
If two triangles say Δ xyz and Δ PQR, then all
The incentre is inside the triangle property and parts of triangle will be equal
The circumcentre lies outside and opposite to
the obtuse angle.
The centroid lies inside the triangle
The orthocenter lies outside and opposite to the
longest side
(iii) Right Angle triangle:
XY = PQ ; YZ = QR ; XZ = Pr
One angle is 90° ∟X = ∟P ; ∟Y = ∟Q ; ∟Z = ∟R
r1 = r2 ; R1 = R2 ; h1 = h2
Δ1 = Δ2 ; m1 = m2 ; P1 = P2
Condition for Congruency:
a) AAS → Angle – Angle – Side
b) SAS → Side – Angle – Side
c) SSS → Side – Side – Side
∟B = 90°
(a) A – A – S:
Other two angles are acute Two corresponding angles and their
connecting side of two triangles are equal
C2 = a2 + b2 [By Pythagoras theorem]
𝐶
R=2
where C is hypotenuse
𝑎𝑏 𝑎+𝑏−𝑐
r = 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 (or) 2

∟Y = ∟Q
∟Z = ∟R
YZ = QR
then Δ XYZ ≌ Δ PQR
Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 9
(b) S – A – S
If two corresponding sides and angle
between are equal, then

AA – If two corresponding angles of two

triangles are equal then, triangle will be similar.
XY = PQ ; YZ = QR ; Because third angle will also be equal.

∟Y = ∟Q, then

Δ XYZ ≌ Δ PQR

(c) S – S – S
If all sides are equal, then

Proof of Similarity:
Similarity is nothing but sine rule. Two
triangles will be similar when their
corresponding angles are equal\

XY = PQ ; YZ = QR ;

XZ = PR, then

Δ XYZ ≌ Δ PQR Thales theorem:

Condition of similarity of triangles
1. AAA
2. AA
3. SSS (every congruent triangle is similar
triangle)
1.
AAA – If all three corresponding angles of two ΔADE – ΔABC
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸 𝐷𝐸
triangles are equal then, triangle will be similar. = 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
⇒ =
𝐵𝐷 𝐸𝐶
2. When D and E will be mid point of AB &
AC, then the ratio of AD & DB and ratio
of AE & AC are equal to 1.
Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 10
 Then triangle ADE & ABC will be Right Angle Triangle
similar, hence DE ∥ BC

𝐴𝐷 1 𝐷𝐸 1 𝐴𝐶 𝑥 𝐴𝐵
= = ⇒ DE = 2 BC → AD =
𝐴𝐵 2 𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐸 1 1
= (𝐵𝐶 )2 = (2)2 =4 𝐴𝐶 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐵𝐶 → CD = 𝐵𝐶

𝐴𝐵2
→ BD = 𝐵𝐶
GEOMETRY:
→ AD2 = BD x CD
TRIANGLES
If AD is median, then
Thales Theorem:
AD = BD = CD
1 1
Area = 2 AC x AB = 2 BC x AD

In an acute angle Δ ABC, AD is a perpendicular

dropped on the opposite side of ∟A, then
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 – [Link]

If DE ∥ BC,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
Then 𝐷𝐵 = 𝐸𝐶

⇒ If D & E are mid points of AB & AC, then ED

1
∥ BC & ED = 2 BC

In an obtuse angle Δ ABC, AD is perpendicular

dropped on BC. BC is produced to D to meet
AD, then
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 + [Link]

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 11

 Problems:

2𝐵𝐷 1. Which set of numbers could be the lengths of

If G is centroid then BG = the sides of a triangle?
3
(a) 6, 9, 15 (b) 6, 9, 12
(c) 3, 3, 7 (d) 1, 2, 3
2. Find C.

Property – 12: In a ΔABC, angle bisector of

interior ∟B & exterior ∟C meet at P, then 3. Find ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷
∟𝐴
∟BPC = 2

4. Find ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶

Property – 11: In ΔABC, AE ⊥ BD and AD is

1
angle bisector of ∟A then, ∟EAD = 2 ∣∟B-∟C
∣

5. In ∆ABC AB = 4n+2, BC = 5n-3 & AC =

2n+4. The perimeter of triangle is 36units.
Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 12
Which is the largest side & which angle has
largest measure, and find the semi perimeter.
6. In ∆ABC with sides 11m, 6m & 15m. Find the
area of triangle.
7. A traffic signal board, is an equilateral triangle
with side ‘a’. Find the area of board if its
perimeter is 180cm.
8. Find the area of ∆ABC 14. In ∆ABC AD is angle bisector. Find BD.

2
9. In a ∆ABC if BC = 2, AC = 3 and Sin A = 3.
Find ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 15. In ∆MNO MP is external bisector of angle
M meeting No produced at P if MN = 10cm,
10. In a triangle the angles to one another are in MO = 6cm No = 12 cm then Find OP.
the ratio 1:2:3. Find the ratio between the sides.
11. In the ∆ABC we have AB = 5cm, AC = 6cm,
and ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 60°. Find length side BC
12. In ∆ABC AD is angle bisector. AB = 12, AC
= 18, BD = 6. Find DC?

16. In ∆ABC, AE is the bisector of the exterior

angle ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 meeting BC produced in E. If AB =
10 cm, AC = 6 cm and BC = 12cm. Find CE.
17. Area of triangle ABC is 90° AD is median.
13. In ∆ABC. Find DA/DB. Find the area of triangle ADC.

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 13

 24. In ∆PQR C is circumcentre Find ∠𝑄𝐶𝑅.

18. ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC

and AD as median to base BC. If ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 25. In ∆PQR C is circumcentre Find ∠𝑄𝑃𝑅
35° 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 is
19. In ∆ABC AB = 3, BC =4, AC = 5cm. Find
the length of median AD, BE & CF.
20. What is the relationship between sides and
medians of a triangle?
21. If area of a triangle is 40 sq. units what is the
area of triangle formed by medians as the sides.
26. In a triangle with sides of length 6cm, 8cm &
22. If area of ∆ABC is 90 sq. units. Find area of 10cm. Find the length of circuradius.
BGC.
27. O is the incentre of ∆PQR and ∠𝑄𝑃𝑅 = 50°
then the measure of ∠𝑄𝑂𝑅.
28. In ∆ABC, AB = 5cm BC = 12 cm AC = 13
cm. Find the length of radius.
29. In ∆ ABC ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 20° and I is the Incentre.
Find ∠𝐵𝐼𝐶

23. If the area of triangle ABC = 120 sq. units

where G is centroid. Find the area of ∆AGE.

30. In ∆ABC O is the circumcentre and

∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 40°. Find ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 14

 39. The inradius of an equilateral triangle is of
length 3cm. Then the length of each of its
medians is
40. If the circumradius of an equilateral triangle
be 10cm, then the measure of its inradius is.
41. Let G be centroid of the equilateral ∆𝑙𝑒 ABC
of perimeter 24cm. Then the length of AG is
31. In ∆ABC O is the circumcentre and ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 42. The attitude of an equilateral ∆𝑙𝑒 of side
160°. Find ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 2/√3 on is.
43. ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC
and AD as the median to base BC. If ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 =
35°. Then ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 is.
44. In ∆ABC, two points D & E are taken on the
lines AB and BC respectively in such a way that
AC is parallel to DE. Then the triangles ABC &
ADE are?
32. In ∆ABC AB = 6cm, BC = 8cm AC = 10 cm.
Find the distance between its circumcenter and 45. In a right angle ∆𝑙𝑒 ABC AB = 6 cm BC =
Incentre. 13. Find AC (approx.)

33. If the orthocenter and the centroid of a 46. In a triangle ABC, when the points D & E on
triangle are the same, then the triangle is sides AB and AC are joined, the line DE turns
(a) Scalere (b) Right angled out to be parallel to BC and also bisects the
(c) Equilateral (d) Obtuse angled. triangle into two equal areas. The ratio of DB :
AB is.
34. If one angle of a triangle is equal to half the 47. Two similar triangles have the areas 96cm2
sum of other two equal angles, then the triangle & 150cm2. If the largest side of the larger triangle
is. is 20cm, the largest side of smaller triangle (in
35. The length of sides of triangle are a, b and c cm) is?
respectively. If 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 48. In triangle ABC, DE|| BC and AD: DB = 5:4,
then the triangle is. then the ratio DE: BC is?
36. If angle bisector of a triangle bisect the 49. In ∆ABC DE||BC, AB = 7.5cm, BD = 6cm
opposite side, then what type of triangle is it? and DE = 2cm, then the length of BC in cm is?
37. In an isosceles ∆𝑙𝑒 with equal sides = 5cm 50. The perimeter of two similar triangles ∆ABC
and the other is 6 cm. Find the height and area of & ∆PQR are 60 cm and 36cm respectively If PQ
∆𝑙𝑒 . = 18cm, then AB is.
38. Find the height and area of an equilateral 51. In ∆ABC D and E are midpoints on sides AB
triangle whose sides are of 6cm. and AC respectively and area of ∆ABC is 100 sq.
units. Find the area of ∆ADE

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 15

52. In ∆ABC, ∠𝐵 is right angle, D is midpoint of 2) Chord: A line segment joining any two points
the side AC. If AB = 6 cm BC = 8cm, then the which are on the circumference of a circle.
length of BD is.
53. ∠𝐴 of ∆ABC is right angle. AD is
perpendicular on BC. If BC = 14cm and
BD=5cm, then the measure of AD is.
54. In ∆ABC AE is ┴ to BC & AD is angle 3) Diameter: A chord passing through the centre
bisector of ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 then find ∠𝐸𝐴𝐷 of a circle is known as its diameter. Diameter is
also known as longest chord.

CIRCLE 4) Arc of a circle: A continuous piece of a circle

is called an arc.
1. A circle is a closed curve.
2. All the points equidistant from a given
fixed point.
3. The fixed point is called centre of the
circle.
Arc is denoted by counter clockwise direction.

5) Concentric Circles: Circles having the same

centre but different radius.

Important Terminology:
1) Radius: Line segment joining centre and any
point on the circumference of a circle.
6) Secant of a circle: A straight line intersecting
the circle at two points, is called a secant.

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 16

7) Tangent of a circle: A straight line touching
the circle at one point only is called a tangent.

12) Inscribed Angle: An angle, whose vertex

lies on the circumference of a circle and the two
8) Semicircle: A diameter of a circle divides the arms are the chords of the circle, is called an
circumference of the circle into two equals arcs inscribed angle.
and each of these arcs is known as a semicircle.

9) Sector of a circle: The part of a circle

enclosed by an arc and two radii is called a
sector. Properties:
1. If two arcs of a circle are congruent then
corresponding chords are equal.

(Kindly change this Diagram)

10) Segment of a circle: The part of the circular
region enclosed by an arc and the chord joining
the end points of the arc is called a segment of 2. The perpendicular from the centre of a circle
the circle. to a chord bisects the chord.

(Kindly change this Diagram) If OL ⊥ PQ, then PL = LQ

3. The line joining the centre of a circle to the
midpoint of a chord is perpendicular to the
11) Central Angle: An angle subtended by an
chord.
arc (or a chord) at the centre is called a central
angle. 4. Perpendicular bisector of a chord passing
through the centre.

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 17

5. Perpendicular bisectors of two or more chords
intersect at its centre.
6. If two circles intersect at two points then the
line segment joining their centre is perpendicular
bisector of common chord.

∠ACB = ∠ADB
12. Equal chords are equidistant from the centre.
13. Chords of a circle which are equidistant from
the centre are equal.
AC = BC and OC ⊥ AB 14. Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angle
at the centre.
7. If two circle intersect each other and they are
passing through each other centre then circles are
congruent that means they have equal radius.

If AB = CD, then ∠AOB = ∠COD

15. If the angles subtended by two chords of a
8. If two circles intersect each other and they are
circle at the centre are equal, the chords are
passing through each other centre then length of
equal.
common chord is equal to √3𝑟
16. If two chords are unequal then larger chord
is nearer to the centre.
17. If two chords of a circle bisect one another
they must be diameters.
18. The angle subtended by an arc of a circle at
the centre is double the angle subtended by it at
𝑃𝑄 = √3 𝑟 any point on the remaining part of the circle.

9. Bisectors of two or more parallel chords

passes through the centre.
10. If a diameter of a circle bisects each of the
two chords of a circle then the chords are
parallel. 19. Angles in the same segment of a circle are
equal.
11. If two circles intersect each other than the
line segment joining their centre make equal
angle at point of intersection.

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 18

20. The angle in a semi-circle is a right angle.
PA × PB = PC × PD
24. Two equal chords AB and CD of a circle with
centre O, when produced to meet at point E, then
BE = DE that means AE = CE

21. Angle made by a chord in minor segment is

obtuse and in major segment is acute.

25. If two chords intersect each other than angle

made by them on point of intersection–

22. If a line segment makes equal angle at two

points than two end points of line segment and
two point that means all the four points are
concyclic.
1
𝑥 = 2 × 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 (arc AC – arc BD) at the
centre

A, P, B, Q are concyclic
23. If two chords intersect each other internally
1
or externally then product of their segments are 𝑥 = × 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦(arc AC + arc BD) at centre
2
equal.
Cyclic Properties of Circle
Cyclic quadrilateral: A cyclic quadrilateral is
called cyclic quadrilateral if its all vertices lie on
a circle.

PA × PB = PC × PD

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 19

1. The sum of either pair or opposite angles of a
cyclic quadrilateral is 180°.

2. A line drawn through the end point of a radius

and perpendicular to it is a tangent to the circle.
∠A + ∠C = 180° and ∠B + ∠D = 180°
3. One and only one tangent can be drawn to a
2. If the sum of any pair of opposite angles of a circle at a given point on the circumference.
quadrilateral is 180°, then the quadrilateral is
4. The perpendicular to a tangent through its
cyclic.
point of a contact passes through the centre of the
3. If one side of a cyclic quadrilateral is circle.
produced, then the exterior angle is equal to
5. If two circles touch each-other, the point of
interior opposite angle.
contact lies on the straight line joining their
centres.

6. From any point outside a circle two tangents

4. The quadrilateral formed by angle bisectors of
can be drawn to it and they are equal in length.
a cyclic quadrilateral is also cyclic.

5. If two sides of a cyclic quadrilateral are

parallel then the remaining two sides are equal 7.
and diagonal are also equal.
6. If two opposite sides of a cyclic quadrilateral
are equal, then the other two sides are parallel.
Tangent and its Properties
1. A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the (i) PA = PB
radius through the point of contact.
(ii) Δ PAO ≅ Δ PBO

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 20

(iii) ∠P + ∠O = 180°
(iv) PO is an angle bisector of ∠P &∠O
(v) OP is perpendicular bisector of AB

AB + DC = BC + DA
8. Alternate Segment Theorem:
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)
If a line touches a circle and from the point of
contact a chord is drawn, the angles between the 11. Two tangents TP and TQ are drawn to a
tangent and the chord are respectively equal to circle with centre O from an external point T,
the angles in the corresponding alternate then ∠PTQ = 2 ∠OPQ.
segment.

12. Tangents at the end point of a diameter of a

circle are parallel.

∠QPB = ∠PSQ &∠QPA = ∠PTQ

13. Common tangents to two circles

∠APX = ∠PYX &∠BPY = ∠PXY
9. If a chord and a tangent intersect externally
then the product of the lengths of the segments
of the chord is equal to the square of the length
of the tangent from the point of contact to the
point of intersection.

10. If a circle touches all the four sides of a

quadrilateral then the sum of opposite pair of
sides are equal.

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 21

 20.

14. The two direct common tangents drawn to

two circles are equal in length.

21. If direct common tangent of two circle and

the line segment joining their centres intersect
each-other at a point. Then point of intersection
divide the line segment joining their centre
externally into the ratio of their radius.

15. The length of a direct common to two circles

is √𝑑2 − (𝑟1 − 𝑟2 )2, where d is the distance
between the centres of the circles, and r1 and r2
are the radii of given circles.
16. The two transverse common tangent drawn
to two circles are equal in length. Problems:
1. In the given figure, PQ = 25 cm, OS = 12 cm,
if OS = OR then QP ?

17. The length of a transverse common tangent

to two circles is √𝑑2 − (𝑟1 + 𝑟2 )2
2. In the given figure, the value of 𝑥
18. The transverse common tangents drawn to
two circles intersect on the line drawn through
the centres of the circles.

19.
Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 22
3. If x = 30°, then y = ? 8. In the given figure, ∠OCB = 50° and ∠OAB
= 25°. Then the value of the ∠AOC is:

4. O is the centre of the circle and OA and OB

is radius. ∠AOB = 120°. Two tangents A &
B are drawn intersect each other at point C.
If D is a point divided OC is equality, then 7. In the given figure ADEC is cyclic
the ratio of D divides OC? quadrilateral, CE and AD are extended to meet
at B. ∠CAD = 60° and ∠CBA = 30°. BD = 6 cm
and CE = 5√3cm, what is the ratio of AC: AD?
5. Find ∠ABD

8. In a circle O is the centre and COD is right

6. In the given circle, AB is a diameter, ∠BOD angle. AC = BD and CD is the tangent at P.
= 25° and ∠EOA = 75°, then ∠ECA = ? What is the value of AC + CP, if the radius
of the circle is 1 metre?

7. In the given figure, O is the centre of the

circle and AB is tangent ∠ODB = 20° and 9. Find the length of the common tangent of two
∠BDC and ∠ABD are supplementary to each externally touch circle with radius 16 cm & 9
other then find ∠OBC cm respectively.
10. Find the length of common tangent of two
circle with radius 5 cm & 12 cm. Distance
between two centre of the circle is 25 cm.
11. With A, B & C centres, three circles are
drawn such that they touch each other
externally. If the sides of the ΔABC are 4 cm,
6 cm & 8 cm, then what is the sum of the
radius of the circle?

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 23

12. AB is the diameter of a circle with centre O.
P be a point on it. ∠POA=120°. Then,
∠PBO?
13. The radii of two concentric circles are 17
cm and 25 cm. a straight line PQRS
intersects the smaller circle at the points Q
and R. If QR = 16 cm, then the length (in
cm.) of PS is
14. Let P and Q be two points on a circle with
centre O. If two tangents of the circle
through P and Q meet at A with ∠PAQ =
48°, then ∠APQ is
[Link] length of two chords AB and AC of a
circle are 8 cm and 6 cm and ∠BAC = 90°,
then the radius of circle is
16. Two parallel chords are drawn in a circle of
diameter 30 cm. The length of one chord is
24 cm and the distance between the two
chords is 21 cm. The length of the other
chord is
17. If two equal circles whose centres are O and
O’ intersect each other at the point A and B,
OO′ = 12 cm and AB = 16 cm, then the
radius of the circle is
18. In a circle of radius 17 cm, two parallel
chords of length, 30 cm and 16 cm are
drawn. If both chords are on the same side of
the centre, then the distance between the
chords is
19. P and Q are two points on a circle with
centre at O. R is a point on the minor arc of
the circle, between the points P and Q. The
tangents to the circle at the points P and Q
meet each other at the point S. If ∠PSQ =
20°, then ∠PRQ = ?
20. The maximum number of common tangents
drawn to two circles when both the circles
touch each other externally is
***

Geometry (14.02.2025) SRI RAM 24