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Module 1

The document covers the foundational concepts of DC circuits in electrical and electronics engineering, including basic circuit elements, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, and various analysis techniques such as nodal and mesh analysis. It also discusses theorems like Thevenin's and the maximum power transfer theorem, providing examples and problems for practical understanding. Key terms such as nodes, branches, series and parallel circuits, and circuit parameters are defined and illustrated.

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5 views54 pages

Module 1

The document covers the foundational concepts of DC circuits in electrical and electronics engineering, including basic circuit elements, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, and various analysis techniques such as nodal and mesh analysis. It also discusses theorems like Thevenin's and the maximum power transfer theorem, providing examples and problems for practical understanding. Key terms such as nodes, branches, series and parallel circuits, and circuit parameters are defined and illustrated.

Uploaded by

hrudrar2
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

FOUNDATIONS OF ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
(24EECE2231)

MODULE-1
MODULE-1: DC CIRCUITS

• Basic circuit elements and sources


• Ohms law
• Kirchhoff's laws
• series and parallel connection of circuit elements
• Node voltage analysis
• Mesh current analysis
• Superposition theorem
• Thevenin’s theorem
• Maximum power transfer theorem.
Ohm (Ω) Henry (H) Farad (F)

Volts(V) Volts(V) Amps(A)


Example of DC Circuit

Example of AC Circuit
Node

A junction where 2 or more elements connect is called a node.


The schematic below shows a single node (the black dot)
formed by the junction of five elements (abstractly represented
by orange rectangles).
Branch
A branch is a connection between nodes. A branch contains an
element (resistor, capacitor, source, etc.). The number of
branches in a circuit is the same as the number of elements.

There are 6 branches in this circuit, one for each element


Basic Electrical parameters and their units
All physical conditions and temperatures remain constant
SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS
PROBLEM-1 (SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS)

FIND THE EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE (REQ)


ANSWER: 10 Ω
PROBLEM-2 (SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS)

Find the equivalent resistance between terminal A and B?


Ans: RAB = 2.8304 Ω
PROBLEM-3 (SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS)
ANSWER: 11 Ω
PROBLEM-4 (SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS)
ANSWER
Short circuit and open circuit

A short circuit is a circuit element with


Resistance approaching to 0.

An open circuit is a circuit element with


Resistance approaching to infinity.
Nodal Analysis
PROBLEM (NODAL ANALYSIS)
Mesh or Loop analysis
PROBLEM (LOOP ANALYSIS)
PROBLEM (NODAL AND MESH ANALYSIS)
ANSWER
Find the current flowing through 20 Ω resistor of the following circuit
using superposition theorem.
Thevenin’s theorem
Thevenin’s Theorem
Example-1
Find the current through 40-ohm resistance
STEP-1
FINDING Vth
THEVENIN’S EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
Thevenin’s Theorem Summary

The basic procedure for solving a circuit using Thevenin’s


Theorem is as follows:

1. Remove the load resistor RL or component concerned.

2. Find RTH by shorting all voltage sources or by open circuiting all


the current sources.

3. Find VTH by the usual circuit analysis methods.

4. Find the current flowing through the load resistor RL.


Maximum power transfer theorem
• According to maximum
power transfer theorem
Maximum power is
transferred from source to
load When load resistance
is equal to the Thevenin’s
equivalent resistance

• Form the Thevenin’s


equivalent circuit

• Find the Pmax (Maximum


power transferred from
source to load) by
considering RL=Rth
Derivation

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